Lecture #18 (April 12, 2010, Monday) Tropical Storms & Hurricanes Part 3. Hurricane Floyd September 15, 1999

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1 Lecture #18 (April 12, 2010, Monday) Tropical Storms & Hurricanes Part 3 Hurricane Floyd September 15, 1999

2 Tropical Cyclone Names Names are given to distinguish storms and for ease of communication. Names also attribute personality. Hurricane names are created by the World Meteorological Organization. Q,U, X, Y, Z left out, 6 year cycle. Hurricane names can be retired (there will never again be a hurricane Katrina, Floyd, Andrew, Hugo, Fran, Georges, Mitch, to name a few)

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5 Hurricane Dennis Category 2 hurricane (SSHS)

6 Hurricane Floyd Category 4 hurricane (SSHS)

7 Hurricane Floyd Time (UTC) W.Long N.Lat MPH Pr(mb) 1999 Sep 07 21: Sep 08 03: Sep 08 09: Sep 08 15: Sep 08 21: Sep 09 03: Sep 09 09: Sep 09 15: Sep 09 21: Sep 10 00: Sep 10 03: Sep 10 06: Sep 10 09: Sep 10 12: Sep 10 15: Sep 10 18: Sep 10 21: Sep 11 00: Sep 11 03: Sep 11 09: Sep 11 15: Sep 11 21: Sep 12 03: Sep 12 09: Sep 12 12: Sep 12 15: Sep 12 18: Sep 12 21: Sep 13 00: Sep 13 03: Sep 13 06: Sep 13 09: Sep 13 12: Sep 13 15: Hurricane Floyd Time (UTC) W.Long N.Lat MPH Pr(mb) 1999 Sep 13 18: Sep 13 21: Sep 14 00: Sep 14 03: Sep 14 06: Sep 14 09: Sep 14 12: Sep 14 15: Sep 14 18: Sep 14 21: Sep 15 00: Sep 15 03: Sep 15 06: Sep 15 09: Sep 15 12: Sep 15 15: Sep 15 17: Sep 15 19: Sep 15 21: Sep 15 23: Sep 16 01: Sep 16 03: Sep 16 05: Sep 16 07: Sep 16 09: Sep 16 11: Sep 16 13: Sep 16 15: Sep 16 18: Sep 16 21: Sep 17 00: Sep 17 03: Sep 17 06: Sep 17 09:

8 Hurricane Dennis on August 28 while off the coast of Florida. Formed: August 24, 1999 Dissipated: September 7, 1999 Highest winds: 105 mph (165 km/h) (1-minute sustained) Lowest pressure: 962 mbar (hpa); (inhg) Fatalities: 4 direct Damage: $157 million (1999 USD) $200 million (2009 USD) Areas affected: Bahamas, NC, VA, MD, PA.

9 Hurricane Dennis on August 28 while off the coast of Florida. Formed: September 7, 1999 Dissipated: September 19, 1999 Highest winds: 155 mph (250 km/h) (1-minute sustained) Lowest pressure: 921 mbar (hpa); (27.2 inhg) Fatalities: 57 direct, indirect Damage: $4.5 billion (1999 USD) $6 billion (2009 USD) Areas affected: The Bahamas, U.S. East Coast from FL to ME (particularly NC), Atlantic Canada

10 Hurricane Floyd at its North Carolina landfall

11 Radar imagery of Hurricane Floyd making landfall in NC.

12 Floyd's rain affecting the Mid-Atlantic

13 Visual comparison of Floyd with Hurricane Andrew while at similar positions and nearly identical intensities

14 Precipitation in Inches Based on Preliminary Data Hurricane Dennis September 4-5, 1999 Precipitation in Inches Based on Preliminary Data Hurricane Floyd September 15-16, 1999

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16 Flooded areas from Floyd along the Tar and Neuse rivers The name Dennis was not retired after this storm and was reused for the 2005 season. The name was retired after 2005 and replaced with Don for the 2011 season.

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18 Runoff in the aftermath of hurricane Floyd created significant problems for the ecology of North Carolina's rivers and sounds: salinity and oxygen levels in Pamlico Sound and its tributary rivers dropped to nearly zero.

19 Hurricane Andrew Category 5 hurricane (SSHS)

20 Hurricane Andrew approaching the Bahamas and Florida as a Category 5 hurricane Formed: August 16, 1992 Dissipated: August 28, 1992 Highest winds: 175 mph (285 km/h) (1-minute sustained) Lowest pressure: 922 mbar (hpa); (27.23 inhg) Fatalities: 26 direct, 39 indirect Damage: $26.5 billion (1992 USD) $40.7 billion (2009 USD) (Second costliest tropical cyclone in U.S history) Areas affected: Bahamas; S. FL, LA, and other areas of the Southern US

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22 All North Atlantic and Eastern North Pacific tropical cyclones

23 All North Atlantic and Eastern North Pacific hurricanes

24 All North Atlantic and Eastern North Pacific major hurricanes

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39 Tropical Cyclone Climatology

40 The official hurricane season for the Atlantic Basin (the Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea, and the Gulf of Mexico) is from 1 June to 30 November. As seen in the graph above, the peak of the season is from mid-august to late October. However, deadly hurricanes can occur anytime in the hurricane season.

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42 U.S. Landfalling Hurricanes

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44 Bars depict number of named systems (open/yellow), hurricanes (hatched/green), and category 3 or greater (solid/red),

45 Hurricane return periods are the frequency at which a certain intensity or category of hurricane can be expected within 75 nm (86 statute miles) of a given location. In simpler terms, a return period of 20 years for a Category 3 or greater hurricane means that on average during the previous 100 years, a Category 3 or greater hurricane passed within 75 nm (86 miles) of that location about five times. We would then expect, on average, an additional five Category 3 or greater hurricanes within that radius over the next 100 years.

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Tropical Storms & Hurricanes Part 1. August 1992

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