Developing Cognitive Structures through Instructional Practices Christy Fitzgerald

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1 Developing Cognitive Structures through Instructional Practices Christy Fitzgerald Garner, Betty. (2007). Getting to got it. Alexandria, VA: ASCD. Clipart copyright

2 Cognitive Structures Recognition: ability to match two pieces of information. Memorization: ability to store and recall information. Conservation of Constancy: ability to understand attributes can change or stay the same. Classification: ability to identify data and create meaning based on relationships. Spatial Orientation: ability to compare the where of objects in relation to other objects and oneself. Temporal Orientation: ability to compare events based on the when. Metaphorical Thinking: ability to compare using figurative language. How to do it in real life when students are exploring, encourage them to collect as much data as they can When students are discussing what they noticed, encourage them to analyze the information in terms of relationships (e.g., similarities and differences, classifications, time and space). When you explain new information, encourage students to discuss what sense they are making of it When students are demonstrating their understanding, encourage them to apply the information to real life When students are evaluating their learning, encourage them to consider how they can improve or extend what they learned. Page 156 Getting to Got It! Betty Garner

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7 The Artic is covered with ice and snow. The ground is frozen and there A HOUSE OF SNOW AND ICE original text by Stephen Whitt adapted by Jessica Fries-Gaither Imagine that you are hunting seals on the cold Arctic ice. You have been hunting for many hours, and you need to rest. But the ground around you is frozen. There are no trees anywhere. The wind is very cold. You need shelter. What will you do? The Inuit have built igloos in this way for many years. But it is getting warmer in the Arctic. Ice is thinner and there is less snow. The animals that they have hunted are becoming harder to find. Will the Inuit stop hunting on the ice? Will they stop building their houses of snow? are no trees anywhere. Photo courtesy of Adam Grimes via Flickr. com. The Big Question

8 Warm or Cold How can a house of ice and snow keep you warm? The ice blocks out the cold wind. Ice is also good at trapping heat from a candle, small fire, or even from your body. The heat inside an igloo can make the insides of the walls start to melt. But the outside of the walls is still cold. This makes the walls turn from snow into ice. Ice walls are much stronger. A grown man can stand on top of an igloo without it falling down! Building an Igloo How do you build an igloo? An Inuit builder cuts blocks out of well-packed snow and makes a ring of blocks on the ground. Next, he stacks a second row of blocks on top of the first row. The second row is tilted inward just a little bit. This means that he needs fewer blocks for the second row than for the first. He continues stacking blocks and the walls of the igloo grow. He carefully fits the blocks together so they don t fall. Finally, he places the last block on the very top of the igloo.

9 Hunters use animal furs for beds inside an igloo. Photo courtesy of Canadian Geological Survey via Frank and Frances Carpenter Collection For doorways, igloos have openings that are large enough to crawl through. Animal furs cover the opening and keep out the wind. A few hunters might build and share one igloo. They put animal furs on the floor for beds and might build a fire. Once they have rested, they will leave their igloo behind and continue their hunt. 11 If you were an Inuit hunter, you might build an igloo. An igloo is a shelter built from snow and ice. In the past, Inuit people of northern Canada built igloos and lived in them during the cold winter months. They did not live in them all year. Today, most Inuit live in wooden houses. But they still build igloos when they are hunting far from home.

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11 Traditions Around the World Name:

12 Christmas in Russia Russian Christmas is celebrated on December 25 th and January 7 th. Many Christmas symbols, like the Christmas tree in Moscow s Red Square, are also part of the New Year Celebration. Most homes are decorated with a white table cloth and hay. These items represent swaddling clothes and the manger in the nativity. The Russian Santa is named Ded Moroz, or Father Frost. He is accompanied by the Snow Maiden. He brings gifts to the children that are placed under the New Year tree. Nesting dolls are a popular gift in Russia. These dolls stack inside each other as each layer gets smaller and smaller. During this celebration time many different foods are prepared. On Christmas Eve some families eat a large round loaf of Lenten bread and kutya (boiled wheat with sweet honey). Usually the Christmas Eve supper does not include any meat. On Christmas day families and friends come together to drink, sing, and eat roasted piglet.

13 Write how you would celebrate if you had two Christmas days. Don t forget to write a good introduction and conclusion Russia

14 Create your own nesting doll by coloring and cutting each one out. Glue them to paper or plastic cups so they stack inside each other.

15 baby piglet sow Shades of Meaning

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28 Thanks for attending my class today. If you have any questions, want to visit my classroom, or need additional materials from class please contact me at: Christy Fitzgerald/Bluff Ridge Elementary Garner, Betty. (2007). Getting to got it. Alexandria, VA: ASCD. Clipart copyright