Meteorological Satellites (MetSat)

Transcription

1 Meterlgical Satellites (MetSat) Meterlgical Satellites, cnstellatins, applicatins, develpment Speaker: Markus Dreis (EUMETSAT) 1 ITU/SPBPU SEMINAR FOR CIS AND EUROPE, 6-8 June 2018, St. Petersburg

2 Definitin f MetSat in the ITU Radi Regulatins MetSat is defined in N f the Radi Regulatins (RR) as an Earth explratin-satellite service (RR N. 1.51) fr meterlgical purpses. It allws the radicmmunicatin peratin between earth statins and ne r mre space statins, which may include links between space statins, with links t prvide: Infrmatin relating t the characteristics f the Earth and its natural phenmena, including data relating t the state f the envirnment, btained frm active r passive sensrs n Earth satellites; Infrmatin cllected frm airbrne r Earth-based platfrms; Infrmatin distributed t earth statins; Feeder links necessary fr the peratin f MetSat satellites and its applicatins. 2 ITU/SPBPU SEMINAR FOR CIS AND EUROPE, 6-8 June 2018, St. Petersburg

3 The missin f a MetSat peratr is...t deliver peratinal satellite data and prducts that satisfy the meterlgical and climate data requirements f its user cmmunity - 24 hurs a day, 365 days a year, thrugh decades. t prvide the space-based cmpnent f the WMO Glbal Observing System (GOS) fr the measurement f envirnmental and meterlgical data with gestatinary (GSO) and nn-gestatinary (NGSO) lw Earth-rbiting, mstly plar-rbiting bservatin satellites. 3 ITU/SPBPU SEMINAR FOR CIS AND EUROPE, 6-8 June 2018, St. Petersburg

4 MetSats are vital fr Mnitring Weather The high-quality bservatins f MetSat satellites are vital fr weather frecasting. Mnitring Climate Mre and mre climate data need t be delivered t meet the challenge f mitigating and adapting t climate change. Mnitring Oceans Operatinal ceangraphy fr the delivery f cean data ver decades t mnitr the state f the ceans and sea level rise. Atmspheric Cmpsitin Observatins f MetSat satellites are als critical inputs t mnitring and frecasts f air quality, which are increasingly imprtant fr the health f the ppulatin. Distributing Data Delivery f satellite data and prducts in real-time t users wrldwide. 4 ITU/SPBPU SEMINAR FOR CIS AND EUROPE, 6-8 June 2018, St. Petersburg

5 Why are MetSats s imprtant fr all this? Answer: Glbal cverage! NGSO Plar Orbit (example Metp): Primary surce f glbal climate bservatins and frecasts up t 10 days, e.g. prviding vertical prfiles f temperature and humidity thrugh the atmsphere n a glbal basis. Metp: Orbit height 830 km, 14 rbits/day, measurements twice ver the same are at a swath width f ~2000 km 5 ITU/SPBPU SEMINAR FOR CIS AND EUROPE, 6-8 June 2018, St. Petersburg

6 This is the example f Metesat Secnd Generatin (MSG) satellites n GSO rbit. These satellites are particularly useful fr detecting the develpment f weather and predicting their behaviur ver the next few hurs. They prvide infrmatin n strms, cluds, winds, fg, rain, snw, incming slar radiatin, vlcanic ash, dust, land and sea surface temperature and even fires. Data is als used fr lnger range weather frecasting and climate mnitring. Example f a full disk visible image frm a GSO MetSat 6 ITU/SPBPU SEMINAR FOR CIS AND EUROPE, 6-8 June 2018, St. Petersburg 6

7 Glbal cverage with GSO MetSat thrugh internatinal cperatin 7 ITU/SPBPU SEMINAR FOR CIS AND EUROPE, 6-8 June 2018, St. Petersburg

8 Current glbal netwrk f MetSat in the WMO GOS The actual list f currently peratinal MetSat and their parameters is available at: 8 ITU/SPBPU SEMINAR FOR CIS AND EUROPE, 6-8 June 2018, St. Petersburg

9 Cnstellatin f planned MetSat fr the WMO GOS Operatinal cntinuity in the space-based meterlgical bservatins is ensured by replacing existing series f meterlgical satellites with new r next generatin MetSats. This cntinuity is crdinated amng all MetSat perating agencies in the framewrk f CGMS (Crdinatin Grup fr Meterlgical Satellites). Next generatin MetSats have significantly increased bservatin capabilities and instrument reslutin, resulting in crrespnding higher data vlume available t the meterlgical user cmmunity. 9 ITU/SPBPU SEMINAR FOR CIS AND EUROPE, 6-8 June 2018, St. Petersburg

10 Overview f instrument types and missins n MetSat systems GSO MetSat: Visible imagers Infrared imagers Infrared sunders UV sunders First micrwave sensrs are planned als fr next generatin GSO MetSats! Data Cllectin System Search and Rescue Further instruments (e.g. lightning imager) NGSO MetSat: Visible imagers Infrared imagers Infrared sunders UV sunders Active micrwave sensrs Passive micrwave sensrs Data Cllectin System Search and Rescue Further instruments (individual t different NGSO MetSat systems) 10 ITU/SPBPU SEMINAR FOR CIS AND EUROPE, 6-8 June 2018, St. Petersburg

11 Typical NGSO MetSat instrument cverage in the electrmagnetic spectrum (example: Metp-SG) SOUNDERS IMAGERS OTHERS IASI RO ADCS-4 MWS MWI ICI SCA UVNS METimage 3MI IASI-NG S-5 3MI MET image SAT A SAT B 11 ITU/SPBPU SEMINAR FOR CIS AND EUROPE, 6-8 June 2018, St. Petersburg

12 MetSat radi-frequency transmissins and sensing Radi-frequencies are used fr the fllwing MetSat/EESS applicatins: telemetry, telecmmand and ranging f the spacecraft transmissins f bservatin data frm MetSat satellites t main receptin statins; re-transmissins f pre-prcessed data t meterlgical user statins thrugh MetSat satellites; direct bradcast transmissins t meterlgical user statins frm MetSat satellites; alternative data disseminatin t users (GEONETCast) via ther satellite systems than MetSat (nt in MetSat/EESS allcated frequency bands); transmissins frm Data Cllectin Platfrms thrugh MetSat satellites; relay f Search and Rescue messages (COSPAS-SARSAT); active and passive micrwave sensing. 12 ITU/SPBPU SEMINAR FOR CIS AND EUROPE, 6-8 June 2018, St. Petersburg

13 General cncept f MetSat systems (graphical verview) 13 ITU/SPBPU SEMINAR FOR CIS AND EUROPE, 6-8 June 2018, St. Petersburg

14 Data Transmissin cncepts f MetSat systems (in a bit mre detail) The raw data gathered by the instruments n-bard gestatinary MetSats are permanently transmitted t a primary grund statin f the perating agency, prcessed, and distributed t varius natinal meterlgical centres, t fficial archives, and ther users. Prcessed data frm gestatinary MetSats are either sent back t the meterlgical satellite fr re-transmissin as part f a direct bradcast t user statins via lw and/r high rate digital signals. Different t gestatinary MetSat satellites, where the satellite is permanently in visibility f its grund statins, the raw data acquired by instruments n nngestatinary MetSats have t be gathered and stred n-bard the satellite until they can be transmitted t a primary grund statin f the perating agency when the satellite passes ver such a grund statin. The raw instrument data are then prcessed by the perating agency and prvided t the users by different data disseminatin mechanisms. T imprve the latency f the data, a subset f the data acquired by the instruments are bradcasted directly frm the satellite and can be received by user statins when the satellite is in the visibility f such a user statin which can be lcated anywhere. Such a service is called direct read-ut. In additin, the prcessed data are als distributed t users by using alternative means f data disseminatin, e.g. GEONETCast. 14 ITU/SPBPU SEMINAR FOR CIS AND EUROPE, 6-8 June 2018, St. Petersburg

15 Overview f bands and their applicatins mst cmmnly used by current & planned MetSat systems Cmmunicatins Passive Sensing Active Sensing Other Instruments MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz GHz Data Distributin via cmmercial sats: MHz GHz GHz GHz GHz GHz GHz GHz GHz GHz GHz GHz GHz GHz GHz GHz GHz GHz GHz GHz GHz GHz GHz GHz GHz GHz GHz Shared shared shared shared shared shared shared shared RR 4.4 RR RR RR ITU/SPBPU SEMINAR FOR CIS AND EUROPE, 6-8 June 2018, St. Petersburg MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz GHz GHz GHz MHz MHz MHz RR Ftnte 5.340: All emissins are prhibited in the fllwing frequency bands

16 Sci-ecnmic benefits Safety f life, prperty and infrastructure Transprt...Energy, agriculture, turism......climate plicy and envirnment prtectin 16 ITU/SPBPU SEMINAR FOR CIS AND EUROPE, 6-8 June 2018, St. Petersburg

17 Impact f NGSO MetSat data n day-1 frecast (1) State f atmsphere verificatin Observatins «Real Atmsphere» Mdel Frecast Errr Reductin Mdel frecast withut new bservatins time T0-06h T0 T0 + 24h 17 ITU/SPBPU SEMINAR FOR CIS AND EUROPE, 6-8 June 2018, St. Petersburg

18 Impact f NGSO MetSat data n day-1 frecast (2) Errr Reductin Relative cntributin f bservatins t reductin f errr in Day 1 numerical frecast Metp In-situ NOAA + Sumi-NPP Gestatinary Other Lw Earth Orbit Numerical Weather Predictin is the basis fr all mdern glbal and reginal weather frecasting. The huge amunt f parameters and data frm sensrs n MetSat satellites resulted in significant Imprvements in NWP. Data frm plar-rbiting satellites cntribute ~74% t 24-hur frecasting skill. T0 + 24h 18 ITU/SPBPU SEMINAR FOR CIS AND EUROPE, 6-8 June 2018, St. Petersburg EUMETSAT s Metp satellites have the highest cntributin at 44.45%, and SNPP and NOAA satellites at 29.36%. Surce: Met Office UK

19 Data Archiving (example: EUMETSAT) Archive dating back t Petabytes stred 1.5 Petabytes retrieved annually Cntains raw, prcessed and reprcessed data f EUMETSAT missins Transparent data discvery thrugh a central catalgue f data and prducts (Prduct Navigatr) acrss the data prduced centrally at EUMETSAT HQ Access nline via archive.eumetsat.int 2018: 1,900 users (+35%), 650 TB (+ 25%) delivered (ne file every 2s) Visualisatin f 30 years wrth f Data: 19 ITU/SPBPU SEMINAR FOR CIS AND EUROPE, 6-8 June 2018, St. Petersburg

20 Altimetry - Example fr the need f data recrds and cntinuity GFO ERS TOPEX-POSEIDON JASON ERS GEOSAT ENVISAT JASON CRYOSAT 2010 HY-2A-G SENTINEL-3A-D 2A A B B C C Befre D D 20?? 2E F 2020 SARAL 2G CFOSAT 2018 JASON JASON-CS/ SENTINEL-6 A 2020 B 2026 SWOT ITU/SPBPU SEMINAR FOR CIS AND EUROPE, 6-8 June 2018, St. Petersburg

21 Develpment and trends fr next generatin f MetSat satellite systems Each perating agency f MetSat satellite systems has their next generatin satellite systems under develpment t cmplement and finally gradually replace the existing satellites. Data cntinuity is ensured n instrument level, by prviding successr instruments. Additinal new instrument types cver the user requested additinal/new bservatins f weather and climate variables (e.g. micrwave sensing frm GSO, lightning imager frm GSO, ice clud measurements frm NGSO, expliting frequency bands abve 275 GHz). New instruments bserve with increased measurement reslutins, higher instrument sensitivity, higher repetitin rates, increased number f bservatin channel. Cnsequence frm the evlutin f the measurements is a significantly increased data vlume which requires the use f higher frequency bands t handle the data vlumes. The data vlume t be dwnlinked and distributed t the users frm the new generatin f MetSat/EESS satellites that are currently deplyed will (have t) use X-Band ( MHz, MHz, MHz) and/r Ka-Band GHz). EU Cpernicus prgramme with the fleet f Sentinels underline the essential imprtance f satellite measurements fr sciety. 21 ITU/SPBPU SEMINAR FOR CIS AND EUROPE, 6-8 June 2018, St. Petersburg

22 Example fr instrument heritage and evlutin in next generatin MetSat systems Metp-SG A Optical Imagery and Sunding Instrument Predecessr n Metp Infrared Atmspheric Sunding (IAS) IASI-NG IASI Micrwave Sunding (MWS) MWS AMSU-A, MHS Visible-infrared Imaging (VII) METimage AVHRR Radi Occultatin (RO) RO GRAS UV/VIS/NIR/SWIR Sunding (UVNS) Sentinel-5 GOME-2 Multi-viewing, -channel, -plarisatin Imaging (3MI) Metp-SG B Micrwave Imaging 3MI -/- Instrument Predecessr n Metp Scattermeter (SCA) SCA ASCAT Radi Occultatin (RO) RO GRAS Micrwave Imaging fr Precipitatin (MWI) MWI -/- Ice Clud Imager (ICI) ICI -/- Advanced Data Cllectin System (ADCS) Args-4 A-DCS 22 ITU/SPBPU SEMINAR FOR CIS AND EUROPE, 6-8 June 2018, St. Petersburg

23 Cntinuity: EUMETSAT satellite systems (timeline till 2040) YEAR METEOSAT SECOND GENERATION (MSG) METEOSAT-8 Mandatry Prgrammes METEOSAT-9 METEOSAT-10 EUMETSAT POLAR SYSTEM (EPS) METOP-A METOP-B METEOSAT-11* METOP-C METEOSAT THIRD GENERATION (MTG) MTG-I-1 : IMAGERY MTG-S-1: SOUNDING MTG-I-2: IMAGERY MTG-I-3: IMAGERY METOP-SG A: SOUNDING AND IMAGERY METOP-SG B: MICROWAVE IMAGERY MTG-S-2: SOUNDING MTG-I-4: IMAGERY EUMETSAT POLAR SYSTEM SECOND GENERATION (EPS-SG) JASON (HIGH PRECISION OCEAN ALTIMETRY) JASON-2 Optinal Prgrammes JASON-3 COPERNICUS SENTINEL 6 (JASON-CS) Third Party Prgrammes SENTINEL-3 A/B/C/D SENTINEL-4 ON MTG-S SENTINEL-5 ON METOP-SG A YEAR ITU/SPBPU SEMINAR FOR CIS AND EUROPE, 6-8 June 2018, St. Petersburg

24 A little bit f histry! (1) 24 ITU/SPBPU SEMINAR FOR CIS AND EUROPE, 6-8 June 2018, St. Petersburg

25 A little bit f histry! (2) With the launch f the first Metesat satellite n 23 Nvember 1977, Eurpe gained the ability t gather weather data ver its wn territry with its wn satellite. Metesat began as a research prgramme fr a single satellite by the Eurpean Space Research Organisatin, a predecessr f the Eurpean Space Agency (ESA). Once the satellite was in rbit, the immense value f the images and data it prvided led t the mve frm a research t an peratinal missin requiring a dedicated rganisatin t cnduct it. In anticipatin f the funding f EUMETSAT, ESA launched the Metesat Operatinal Prgramme (MOP) in March ITU/SPBPU SEMINAR FOR CIS AND EUROPE, 6-8 June 2018, St. Petersburg