Passwords. ScienceVocabulary. Earth Science

Transcription

1 Passwords ScienceVocabulary Earth Science

2 To the Student Lithosphere. Condensation. Nebula. Sometimes it seems that scientists speak a language all their own. Passwords: Science Vocabulary will help you learn the words you need to do well in science. The lessons in this book are about science topics you will be studying. Those topics come from Life Science, Earth Science, and Physical Science. Every lesson focuses on ten words that will help you understand the science topic. The lessons include a reading selection that uses all ten vocabulary words. Four practice activities follow the reading selection. Using each vocabulary word many times will help you remember the word and its meaning. A writing activity ends the lesson. You will use the vocabulary words you have learned to write an eyewitness account, a narrative, an informational article, or a description. If you need help with a vocabulary word as you do the activities, use the Glossary at the back of the book. The Glossary defines each word and shows you the correct way to pronounce the word. It also has pictures to help you understand the meaning of difficult words. As you work on the lessons, you may learn other science words besides the vocabulary words. Keep track of those other words in My Science Vocabulary on pages Turn to pages 99 and 100 to learn about roots, prefixes, and suffixes. Find out how they can help you understand science words. Soon you ll be talking and writing just like a scientist! Developers: Joan Krensky and Maureen Devine Sotoohi Product Development and Design: Chameleon Publishing Services Written by Barbara Klemetti Mindell Illustrated by Leslie Alfred McGrath Photo Credits: Shutterstock.com: Front cover: Courtesy of NASA; page 5 Kenneth Sponsler; pages 22, 104 (top right) Keith Levit; pages 23 (top), 112 Pieter Janssen; page 23 (bottom) Mike Norton; page 29 Erik H. Pronske, M.D.; page 34 Ismael Montero Verdu; pages 35 (top), 105 Falk Kienas; page 35 (middle) J C Hix, (bottom) SF Photography; pages 40 (top), 103 (top right) Studio Araminta; page 40 (bottom) Carsten Medom Madsen; page 46 Ulrike Hammerich; page 52 Cory Cartwright; page 101 Marco Regalia; page 102 (top left) paul prescott; page 103 (bottom left) Bryan Busovicki, (middle) Wolfgang Staib, (bottom right) sgame; page 104 (bottom left) Bronson Chang, (top right) Tomislav Forgo, (bottom right) Falk Kienas; page 106 David Watkins; page 107 (left) Ismael Montero Verdu, (right) William Attard McCarthy; page 108 Taipan Kid; page 109 Marc Pagani Photography; page 110 (top right) Vladimir Pomortzeff, (bottom right) Stephen Inglis ISBN Curriculum Associates, Inc. North Billerica, MA No part of this book may be reproduced by any means without written permission from the publisher. All Rights Reserved. Printed in USA

3 Table of Contents Lesson 1: Earth s Structure Lesson 2: Earth s Moving Plates Lesson 3: Earthquakes Lesson 4: Volcanoes Lesson 5: Changes and Forces in the Rock Cycle Lesson 6: Fossils Lesson 7: Features of Minerals Lesson 8: Protecting Earth s Resources Lesson 9: Earth s Atmosphere Lesson 10: Earth s Water Systems Lesson 11: The Ocean Floor Lesson 12: Earth s Changing Weather Lesson 13: Our Solar System and Beyond Lesson 14: Stars Lesson 15: Earth and the Moon in Motion My Science Vocabulary Root Words Prefixes and Suffixes Glossary

4 LESSON 12 climate Some days are hot and sunny, but others are cool and cloudy. Why does the weather change? What are some signs of changing weather? Read this selection to help you predict the weather. Earth s Changing Weather Climate is the average weather of a region over a long period of time. Weather is what is going on in the air at a given place and time. Weather changes when a new moves over an area. An is a huge body of air with the same features throughout, such as temperature and moisture. A is where the edges of two es meet. The approaching is the leading edge of the that is moving into the region where the other already is. This approaching brings weather changes. Warm Fronts A warm is formed when a warm moves toward a cold. The air is heavier in a cold than it is in a warm. The lighter warm air rises slowly above the cold air. The first clouds to form are wispy. Cirrus clouds are high, thin, icy clouds. Approaching Warm Front Next, Warm air form. Stratus clouds Stratus clouds are layers of low gray Rain clouds that often bring steady rain. Cirrus clouds Warm Cold air 70 Earth s Changing Weather

5 Cold Fronts A cold is formed when a heavier cold moves toward a warm. The heavier cold air pushes the warm air upward suddenly. Large form. Cumulus clouds are puffy white clouds that form low in the air to mid-height. Some become thunderclouds with winds and rain. Winds Air pressure is the force of air pushing down on Earth. Differences in cause local winds. Warm air has less than cold air. At Earth s surface, winds blow from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure. Above the surface, Earth has six large belts of wind. The winds in each belt blow in the same direction. Most of North America is in one of the two wind belts called the. The blow from west to east. Two wind belts called the are above and below the equator. Trade winds mostly blow from east to west. Winds also blow high above Earth s surface in a, a narrow band with very strong winds that blow from west to east. One flows over North America. Approaching Cold Front Cold air Cold Current of air Equator Cumulus clouds Warm air Polar easterlies Westerlies NE Westerlies Polar easterlies SE Earth s six wind belts are caused by currents of air above Earth s surface. Winter Summer The position of the over North America changes with the seasons. My Science Vocabulary Go to page 97 to list other words you have learned about Earth s changing weather. Earth s Changing Weather 71

6 climate A. Fill in the blanks with the correct vocabulary word. 1. a large body of air with the same features throughout 2. one of the two wind belts that blow from west to east 3. layers of low gray clouds that often bring steady rain 4. the average weather of a region over a long period of time 5. the force of air pushing down on Earth 6. one of two wind belts that mostly blow from east to west 7. a narrow band of strong winds high above Earth s surface that blow from west to east 8. puffy white clouds that form low in the air to mid-height 9. where the edges of two es meet 10. high, thin, icy clouds 72 Earth s Changing Weather

7 climate B. Circle the word that makes sense in each sentence. Then write the word. 1. Weather changes when a new (, ) moves over an area. 2. As a cold moves toward a warm, large (, ) form. 3. Warm air has less (, climate) than cold air. 4. Rain often falls from low gray (, ). 5. The wind belt over much of North America is the (, ). 6. High above Earth s surface, the (, ) blows strongly from west to east. 7. In a desert, the (climate, ) is often hot and dry. 8. An approaching warm (, ) often brings rainy weather. 9. When a warm pushes toward a cold, high, thin (, ) form. 10. Weather near the equator is affected most by the (, ). WORD ROOT The word stratus in Latin means a stretching out. Earth s Changing Weather 73

8 climate C. Choose the correct vocabulary word to complete each sentence. 1. The high, thin clouds that appear first when a warm approaches are. 2. Differences in cause local winds. 3. Above and below the equator, the mostly blow from east to west. 4. After form, layers of low normally appear next. 5. The type of weather a region usually has is its. 6. When two es meet at a, the weather usually changes. 7. In North America, the belt of wind that blows from west to east is the. 8. Some large, puffy may become thunderclouds. 9. The narrow band of strong winds blowing west to east high above North America is the. 10. A huge body of air with the same temperature,, and moisture throughout is an. 74 Earth s Changing Weather

9 climate D. Use each word in a sentence that shows you understand the meaning of the word climate Write! Write your response to the prompt on a separate sheet of paper. Use as many vocabulary words as you can in your writing. If you could travel far above Earth, watching the winds and weather, what would you see? Earth s Changing Weather 75