XC Meteorology. And other bullshit

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1 XC Meteorology And other bullshit (c) Jim White 2014

2 Why do Met? Choose whether to turn up Choose best task for day Choose glider configuration Choose pilot configuration! Avoid being in wrong place Achieve good speed Reduce risk of land out

3 What do we want to know? Height of thermals? Strength of thermals? When will they start being useable? How much cloud will there be? How long is the soaring window? Wind strength and direction? How hot / cold What changes during the day?

4 What tools do we have? Internet Observations: temperature, pressure, wind Synoptics: surface, thickness, and geopotential Meteograms: various models Tephigrams: Measured and forecast Model based forecast charts Eyes and Experience Does it feel and look right?

5 Sources of Information UK Met Office US Met Office ready.arl.noaa.gov/ready_animations.php ECMWF Soundings weather.uwyo.edu/upperair/sounding.html rucsoundings.noaa.gov/plot_soundings.cgi XC Weather RASP rasp.inn.leedsmet.ac.uk Meteoblue Charts Satellite

6 Whither our Weather?

7 Character of Air Masses Cold air is dry and heavy Warm air is less dense and therefore light Warm air can hold more water than dry Wet air is less dense and therefore lightest Cold air = high pressure Warm air = low pressure Warm wet air = lowest pressure

8 Character of Air Masses Cold Air Sinks Sinking air increases pressure Sinking air enhances stability Warm Air Rises (when there is cold air about) Rising air reduces pressure Rising air encourages instability

9 Coriolis Effect

10 Coriolis Magic

11 Why us?

12 Single Cell Model

13 Multi-cell model

14 The Polar Front High Pressure High Pressure Low Pressure Low Pressure

15 Rossby Waves

16 Rossby Waves

17 Birth of a Depression Cold and Dry Wet and Warm

18 More Depressed!

19 Frontal Weather

20 Character of Depressions Wind blows around it due to Coriolis effect Wind speed dependent on pressure gradient Depressions move W to NE at 10-30kts Cold front moves 50% faster than warm Warm sector is unstable and wet because it is being squeezed and is rising Following cold sector is conditionally unstable because it is cold and contains some moisture

21 Approaching Warm Front

22 Warm Sector

23 Post Cold Front

24 What s on a synoptic chart? Isobars lines of equal pressure Geopotential height contours (or thickness) Isotherms lines of equal temperature Weather system centres Weather system tracks Fronts cold, warm, and occluded Troughs and ridges

25

26 MSLP, Geopotential, & Thickness

27 What can a synoptic tell us? Locations of highs and lows Pressure and gradient Wind direction and strength Location of fronts, troughs, ridges Source and character of airmass Some also plot temperature / dew point

28 Te-phi-grams!

29 Altitude Environmental Lapse Rate Lapse Rates ELR DALR

30 Altitude Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate Lapse Rates ELR DALR

31 Altitude Saturation Mixing Ratio Lapse Rates ELR DALR SMR

32 SkewT log P

33 Larkhill Ascent

34 Larkhill 15C

35 Larkhill 20C

36 BOB FRO EVE BOO 300K

37 What can a tephigram tell us? Atmospheric profile at a single location and point in time Environmental lapse rate Moisture content Predicted ascent of a parcel or warm air Cloud base, top, and amount Thermal strength and start time Cloud amount, likelihood of convective showers Wind profile and other useful indices

38 What can a meteogram tell us? Forecast parameters for a single location Temperature Humidity Pressure Wind Cloud / Rain Radiation Changes over time

39 Temperature and Dew Point

40 Atmosphere

41 Cloud and Precipitation

42 Surface Pressure Wind and Radiation

43 Parameter Charts

44 Regional Atmospheric Soaring Prediction (RASP)

45 XC-Weather

46 More Information and Acknowledgements Met Office - Scott Haby theweatherprediction.com Wikipedia surprisingly useful ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(gh)/guides/home.rxml

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