Brasilidia auleta sp. n., a new species from Argentina (Protura: Acerentomidae s.l.)

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1 Zootaxa : 1 10 (2003) Copyright 2003 Magnolia Press ISSN (print edition) ZOOTAXA ISSN (online edition) Brasilidia auleta sp. n., a new species from Argentina (Protura: Acerentomidae s.l.) ANDRZEJ SZEPTYCKI 1 & JOSÉ CAMILO BEDANO 2 1 Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals P.A.S., ul. S»awkowska 17, Kraków, Poland, szeptycki@isez.pan.krakow.pl 2 Dto. de Geología, Universidad Nac. de Río Cuarto. Ruta 3, Km. 01. X 5804 BYA Rio Cuarto Argentina, jbedano@exa.unrc.edu.ar Abstract Brasilidia auleta sp. n. is described from Cuesta Blanca, Córdoba province, Argentina. The new diagnosis of Brasilidia Nosek, 1973 is given and its systematic position is discussed. Key words: Protura, new species, Brasilidia, Argentina Introduction During the development of a research project of the soil fauna of Córdoba Province the second author collected diverse material of Protura, among which we found a new species, described below. The type area is located in Córdoba province, in the Sierras Chicas mountain range, at 800 meters above sea level. Soils are shallow, with very little development, thick and stony in texture, from eolic and alluvial origin and taxonomically classified as Litic Ustortent (Soil Survey Staff 1998). Vegetation at the site is the typical winter deciduous dry woodland of the Espinal phytogeographical region. Espinal is characterized by the dominance of arboreal species including Prosopis nigra (algarrobo negro), Prosopis alba (algarrobo blanco), Celtis tala (tala), Geoffroea decorticans (chañar), Acacia caven (espinillo), Jodina rhombifolia (sombra de toro) interspersed with grasses (Cabrera 197). Accepted: 1 October 2003; published: 21 October

2 ZOOTAXA Diagnosis of Brasilidia Nosek, 1973 Brasilidia was defined and characterized by Nosek (1973) and Tuxen (197; 1984), but some characters (discovered latter) were omitted in those classic diagnoses. The genus under question belongs to a large group of Acerentomidae s.l. with 2+2 anterior setae on metanotum (A2 and A4) and seta P3 on abdominal tergites II V in anterior position. Seta P2a on meso- and metanotum nearer to P3 than to P2, P4a on metanotum not modified (of normal shape). Foretarsal sensillum t1 distinctly clavate (nearly baculiform after the terminology of Tuxen 1977). Mandible relatively broad. Labial palp with no tuft and with 3 setae. Striate band on abdominal segment VIII reduced (with no distinct striae). Abdominal legs II and III with 3 setae. Foretarsus with seta d situated nearer to c than to e (but not very close to c), sensillum b present, t3 relatively long, cylindrical. Setae β1 and δ4 not differentiated (of same shape as δ1 δ3). In head chaetotaxy seta situated antero laterally to pseudoculus absent (comp. fig. 1 of the present paper with Szeptycki 1991, fig. 1). Additional seta present. Modified setae 1 uniform over the whole body, as small, hair-like microchetae. Sensilla of exterior side of foretarsus short, slender, parallel-sided 2. Remarks Brasilidia contains three South American species (Tuxen 1984), including the species described below. A forth species, B. nagaroorica Prabhoo, 1977 was described from India (Prabhoo 1977), but I agree with Tuxen (1984) that this species probably belongs to a different, but undescribed genus. The three known species of Brasilidia can be distinguished in the following key: 1. Foretarsal sensillum c about 2 x length of b (reaching nearly base of f); urotergite VI with 8 anterior setae; seta P3a on urotergite VII present; urotergite IX with 14, X with 12 setae; striate band with no oblique lines... B. sanmartini Tuxen, Foretarsal sensillum c at last 1.5 x length of b (not reaching base of e); urotergite VI with anterior setae, VII with no seta P3a, IX with 12 setae; striate band with distinct oblique lines (at last on tergite) Foretarsal sensilla b and c relatively long b distinctly passing base of γ3, c reaching nearly base of e; urotergite X with 12 setae... B. tropica Nosek, Foretarsal sensilla b and c short b not reaching base of γ3, c slightly passing it; urotergite X with 10 setae... B. auleta sp. n. 1. The term modified setae refers to the accessory setae on nota, urotergites and urosternites I VII, and modified setae on head and on thoracic sterna 2. The present diagnosis is based on the new species and unpublished observations of some specimens of B. tropica in the collection of the Institute of Systematic and Experimental Zoology. There are no data for the head chaetotaxy and the shape of modified setae in B. sanmartini Magnolia Press SZEPTYCKI & BEDANO

3 ZOOTAXA FIGURES 1 9. Brasilidia auleta sp. n. 1 head, dorsal view (paratype nr 275) (a additional seta, pp postpseudocular seta); 2 head, ventral part (magnification as 1) (paratype nr 277); 3 - anterior part of the head, dorsal view (paratype nr 275); 4 - labial palp (holotype); 5 maxillary palp (magnif. as ) (holotype); - mandible (magnif. as ) (paratype nr 275); 7 pseudoculus (magnif. as ) (paratype nr 278); 8 canal of maxillary gland (magnif. as ) (paratype nr 278); 9 canal of maxillary gland, lateral view (magnif. as ) (holotype). Scale: 20 µm. BRASILIDIA AULETA SP. N Magnolia Press 3

4 ZOOTAXA Brasilidia auleta sp. n. Diagnosis Foretarsal sensilla b and c short, nearly equal. Six anterior setae on urotergite VI (A4 is absent), 1 P seta on VII (P3a absent) and 10 setae on X (seta 1a absent). No traces of striation on the striate band of abdominal segment VIII, but some oblique lines present. Description Head with very short rostrum, head setae short. Additional and postpseudocular seta present. Seta situated anteriorly to pseudoculus (in most of Acerentomidae s.l.) absent. Dorsal side with modified setae in shape of thin, hair-like microchaetae, setae on ventral side not differentiated. Pseudoculus mostly elongated (sometimes nearly round) with long lever, PR Canal of maxillary gland long, with round, flat calyx, and distinctly bilobed posterior dilation, CF 5. Sensilla of maxillary palps thin, nearly seta-like, equal. Labial palps with no tuft, with 2 long and 1 short seta, and with short, elongated sensillum. Mandible relatively broad, with no apical teeth. Main setae on nota short, slightly differentiated, mesonotal seta P x length of seta P1. P1a, P2a as short, hair-like microchaetae; P2a on meso- and metanotum nearer to P3 than to P2; P4a on metanotum not differentiated (longer than P4), P5 as small sensillum. Seta A2 on thoracic sterna, M2 on prosternum as small, hair-like microchaetae. Pronotum with no pores, mesonotum with pore al and l, metanotum with pore l. Thoracic sterna with no pores. Foretarsus with short sensillum a, slightly passing base of d; b short, not reaching level of γ3; c short, slightly longer than b; d situated much nearer to c than to e, of medium length, passing level of e; e relatively short, not reaching tip of f; f not reaching base of claw, longer than e; g short and thin, not reaching base of claw. All sensilla of external side thin, parallel-sided. Proximal pore proximally to base of α3. Sensillum t1 with distinct head (nearly baculiform ); t2 filiform, short and thin; t3 relatively long, cylindrical. Sensillum a' distally to level of t1, short, thicker than other sensilla, parallel-sided; b' and c' equal, relatively long, thin. Setae β1 and δ4 not modified, of same shape as setae δ1 δ3 and δ5. Seta δ4 proximally to base of c', subequal to β1. Length formula of foretarsal sensilla: t3 < t1 < a < b = g < c = t2 < e = b = c < a = d < f. BS about 0., TR , EU about 0.1. Abdominal chaetotaxy of general Acerentulus - type (Table I), seta P3 on urotergite II VI in anterior position. Urotergite I without P1a; P2a and A5 of same shape as P1a on nota. Urotergite II VI without setae P1a and P3a; accessory setae as that on nota; on urotergite VI 3+3 anterior setae (A4 absent). Urotergite VII with anterior setae (A1, A4, A5), seta P1a and P2a present, P3a absent. All accessory setae as that on preceding tergites. Seta P4a as other ones, situated on membrane between tergite and laterotergite. Pore al dorsally to A5 on urotergite II VI, on VII ventrally to it. Pore psm on urotergites I VI in anterior ( normal ) position, on VII very near to hind margin of tergite, close to seta Magnolia Press SZEPTYCKI & BEDANO

5 P1a. Pore psl, membranal and laterotergal pores absent. Anterior lines on urotergite VII invisible. Abdominal legs with 4, 3, 3 setae. Accessory setae on urosternite I VI as that on tergites (slightly longer), on VII as that on preceding sternites. Urosternite VII without seta Pc. Urosternite I V with no pores, VI with pore, situated very close to seta P1a; VII with single asymmetrical pore situated close to P1a. Striate band reduced, with no traces of hook-like design, on tergite with some distinct, oblique lines, on sternite smooth. Urotergite and urosternite VIII smooth (sometime with traces of indistinct row of very small granules in median part). Comb VIII with right hind margin, composed of 7 10 small, irregular teeth. Seta 1a on urotergite IX subequal to seta 1, on X absent. Urotergite XI with setae, seta 1 long. Dorsal lobe of telson with long hind margin setae and single dorsal pore. Urosternite XI with 2+2 setae, external ones shorter than internal. Female squama genitalis with conical acrostyli situated nearly apical. Males unknown. Maturus junior with no seta 1a on urosternite VIII and with no setae on urosternite XI. Larva II with larval seta on urosternite XII. Chaetal variability. Imagines (7 specimens) - asymmetrical lack of seta 1a on urosternite VIII (2 sp-s). Maturi juniores (2 sp-ns) asymmetrical presence of seta A2 on urotergites VII (1 sp-n). Larvae II (2 sp-ns) - lack of Ac on urosternite III (1 sp-n). ZOOTAXA Measurements (in µm) imago mat.jun larva II larva I head ca ca 74 pseudoculus 7 8 ca 7 ca ca canal of maxillary gland ca 20 ca 14? mesonotal P ca ca 8 mesonotal P ca ca 11 foretarsus 58 1 ca ca 31 claw 17 18? ca 14? empodial appendage ca 2? ca 1? maximum body length ? 50 No of specimens studied Holotype: Female nr 274 from Cuesta Blanca, Córdoba province, (Argentine) at 800 masl., undisturbed, uncultivated soil covered with typical Espinal natural vegetation Leg. José C. Bedano. Paratypes: together with holotype, females. Not included into the type material: 2 maturi juniores, 2 larvae II and 1 larva I (together with holotype). BRASILIDIA AULETA SP. N Magnolia Press 5

6 ZOOTAXA FIGURES Brasilidia auleta sp. n. 10 nota (paratype nr 275); 11 anterolateral part of mesonotum (holotype); 12 anterolateral part of metanotum (magnif. as 11) (holotype); 13 - foretarsus, exterior view (holotype); 14 - foretarsus, interior view (magnif. as 13) (holotype); 15 - abdominal leg I (holotype); 1 - abdominal leg III (magnif. as 15) (holotype); 17 female squama genitalis (magnif. as 15) (paratype nr 280). Scale: 20 µm Magnolia Press SZEPTYCKI & BEDANO

7 ZOOTAXA FIGURES Brasilidia auleta sp. n. 18 urotergite VI and VII (magnif. as 20) (paratype nr 278); 19 - seta P4a on urotergite VII (holotype); 20 - urosternite VI and VII (paratype nr 278); 21 urotergite VIII XI & telson (paratype nr 275); 22 urosternite VIII XI & telson (magnif. as 21) (paratype nr 275); 23 striate band, dorsal part (paratype nr 275); 24 striate band, ventral part (paratype nr 275); 25 - comb VIII (magnif. as 19) (holotype). Scale: 20 µm. BRASILIDIA AULETA SP. N Magnolia Press 7

8 ZOOTAXA The holotype, paratypes nr and young specimens are preserved in the Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals P.A.S. (Kraków, Poland); the paratypes in La Plata museum (La Plata, Argentina). Derivatio nominis: Named after Auletas, the ancient tribe of Indians which were formerly living in the type area. TABLE I. Chaetotaxy of Brasilidia auleta sp. n. dorsal ventral composition of setae formula composition of setae formula Th. I 1, 2 4 Th. II III A2, 4, M P1, 1a, 2, 2a, 3, 4, 4a, 5 a. Development unknown, P1 primary seta b. In maturus junior M0 c. in maturus junior lack of setae d. in larva I and larva II larval seta present, 8 setae - 1 A1, 2, M1, 2 P1, 2, 3 Ac, 2, 3, 4, M P1, 3 Abd. I A1, 2, 5 Ac, 2 a 3 P1, 2, 2a, 3, 4 10 P1 4 A1, 2, 5 Ac, 2 3 Abd. II III P1, 2, 2a, 3, 4, 4a, 5 14 Pc, 1a, 2 5 A1, 2, 5 Ac, 2 3 Abd. IV VI P1, 2, 2a, 3, 4, 4a, 5 14 P1, 1a, 2, 3 8 A1, 2, 4, 5 8 Ac, 2 3 Abd. VII P1, 1a, 2, 2a, 3, 4, 4a, 5 1 P1, 1a, 2, 3 8 A1, 4, 5 1, 2 4 Abd. VIII M1 b, P1, 1a, 2, 2a, 3, 3a, 5 1 1a 2 Abd. IX 1, 1a, 2, 2a, 3, , 2 4 Abd. X 1, 2, 2a, 3, , 2 4 Abd. XI 1, 3, 4 4 c Abd. XII 9 d Bold larva I (primary setae) Bold, italic larva II (secondary setae) Normal maturus junior (tertiary setae) Italic adult (complementary setae) Magnolia Press SZEPTYCKI & BEDANO

9 Discussion Brasilidia was classified by Yin (1999) in the subfamily Acerentulinae Yin, 1983, together with Acerentulus Berlese, 1908, Acerentuloides Ewing, 1921 (= Amerentulus Tuxen, 193), Fjellbergella Nosek, 1978, Maderentulus Tuxen, 193 and Australentulus Tuxen, 197. François (2003) also classified this genus in Acerentulinae, but together with the genera Acerentulus, Acerentuloides, Andinentulus Tuxen, 1984, Australentulus, Maderentulus and Najtentulus Szeptycki & Weiner, Brasilidia is similar to the other genera mentioned (at last the ones which are better described) in the general pattern of the distribution of sensilla on foretarsus (sensillum d nearer to c than to e, but not very closely to c), general pattern of abdominal chaetotaxy (lack of setae A3 and A4, and lack of seta P3a on urotergites II V) and porotaxy (lack of median pore on urosternite II VI, lack of laterotergal and membranal pores). In contra-distinction to Acerentulus, Acerentuloides, Maderentulus and Najtentulus (Szeptycki 1991; Szeptycki & Weiner 1997; Szeptycki, unpublished observation) the seta P4a (in the papers of Imadaté and Nakamura this seta is called P5 ) on metanotum is not modified in Brasilidia. Such unmodified seta P4a was described in some species of Australentulus (Imadaté 1989, fig. 10) and Baculentulus Tuxen, 1977 (Nakamura 1995, fig. 31). It was found also in some Berberentulus Tuxen, 193 and Gracilentulus Tuxen, 193 (Szeptycki, unpublished observation). The lack of seta situated anterolateraly to the pseudoculus was previously know only in some species of Baculentulus (Nakamura 1995, figs 3, 24) and sometimes as infraspecific variation (Nakamura 1997, fig 3). The taxonomic importance of this character remains uncertain and the importance of the shape of foretarsal setae β1 and δ4 also remains unclear. In most of the genera the mentioned above, the setae are more or less modified, while in Brasilidia they are of same shape as setae δ1 δ3. The systematic position of Brasilidia therefore remains unresolved and the genus could be equally well placed in Acerentulinae Yin, 1983 (of the family Acerentomidae Silvestri, 1907 s. Yin 1999) or in Berberentulidae Yin, ZOOTAXA Acknowledgments Field work was supported by SECyT-UNRC project and CONICET postgraduate fellowship. We are very grateful to an anonymous referee for his very valuable remarks. References Cabrera, A.L. (197) Regiones Fitogeográficas Argentinas. Enciclopedia Argentina de Agricultura y Jardinería, 2 (1), Acme S.A.C.I., Buenos Aires, Argentina. BRASILIDIA AULETA SP. N Magnolia Press 9

10 ZOOTAXA François, J. (2003) Analyse cladistique de l ordre des Protoures (Hexapoda, Protura). Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, 108, Imadaté, G. (1989) Proturans from Java. Acta zoologica Asiae orientalis, 1, Nakamura, O. (1995) A new species and a new record of the genus Baculentulus (Protura, Acerentomidae) from Japan. Japanese Journal of Entomology, 3, Nakamura, O. (1997) Protura from Taiwan. Edaphologia, 59, Nosek, J. (1973) Five new species of Protura from Brazil. V stnrk eskoslovenské Spole nosti zoologické, 37, Prabhoo, N.R. (1977) South Indian Protura. IV. Two new species. Entomon, 2, Soil Survey Staff (1998) Keys to soil taxonomy. 8th ed. USDA, Natural Resources Conservation Service. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 32 pp. Szeptycki, A. (1991) Polish Protura V. Genus Acerentulus Berlese, 1908 (Acerentomidae). Acta zoologica cracoviensia, 34, 1 4. Szeptycki, A. & Weiner, W. (199) Najtentulus silvestris gen. n., sp. n. (Protura: Acerentomidae) from the Western Europe. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (NS), 33, Tuxen, S.L. (197) The Protura (Insecta) of Brazil, especially Amazonas. Amazoniana, 5, Tuxen, S.L. (1977) The genus Berberentulus (Insecta, Protura) with a key and phylogenetical considerations. Revue d Écologie et du Biologie du Sol, 14, Tuxen, S.L. (1984) Brasilidia and a new genus and species of Protura (Insecta) from Argentina. Together with an improved generic key to Acerentomidae. Revue d Écologie et du Biologie du Sol, 21, Yin, W.Y. (1999) Fauna Sinica. Arthropoda. Protura. Science Press, Beijing, China, 510 pp., 8 pls. [In Chinese with English synopsis] Magnolia Press SZEPTYCKI & BEDANO