b) occurs before the anvil shape at the top of the cloud has formed. c) is marked by an absence of significant downdrafts.

Transcription

1 Thunderstorms Question 1 The only requirement for a thunderstorm is: a) sinking air. b) upper level convergence. c) still air. d) rising air. Question 2 The mature stage of air-mass thunderstorms: a) is marked by the heaviest precipitation. b) occurs before the anvil shape at the top of the cloud has formed. c) is marked by an absence of significant downdrafts. d) sees the end of additional water vapor entering the cloud. Severe Thunderstorms Question 3 Characteristics of supercell thunderstorms include: a) A single circulation cell. b) Change in wind direction with height. c) Very strong updrafts and downdrafts. d) All of the above. Question 4 Approximately what percentage of lightening flashes strike the ground? a) 30 percent b) 50 percent

2 c) 10 percent d) 20 percent Question 5 Tornadoes Tornadoes descend from what kind of clouds? a) Cirrus. b) Stratus. c) Stratocumulus. d) Cumulonimbus. Question 6 The key ingredients for development of a tornado include: a) Wind shear. b) Strong vertical circulations. c) Both A and B d) Neither A nor B Question 7 Hurricanes The eye wall of a hurricane has all of the following characteristics, except: a) saturated air. b) thick cloud cover. c) intense precipitation. d) moderate winds. Question 8 Hurricanes gain most of their energy from:

3 a) latent heat released by condensation. b) sensible heat from the ocean. c) insolation on their extensive, high-level cloud covers. d) the strong winds that develop within them. Question 9 Wind speeds and rainfall in a tropical cyclone are most intense: a) At the outer edges b) Halfway between the eye and the outer edge of the storm c) In the eye d) In the wall immediately surrounding the eye Tracks and landfall Question 10 The season for tropical cyclone formation in the Atlantic basin is: a) June to November b) March to June c) December to March d) October to February Question 11 On the Saffir-Simpson scale: a) there are seven different categories. b) the pressure of the hurricane decreases as the category number increases. c) a category 5 hurricane has relatively moderate winds. d) there is no attempt to estimate storm surge heights. Question 12

4 The peak time for hurricane formation in the Atlantic basin is: a) Late spring b) Early summer c) Late summer and early autumn d) Winter Question 13 Lecture 22 - Variations The "Little Ice Age": a) began in about b) caused the least impact to humans in Northern Europe. c) was the reason the Jamestown colony failed. d) was a cold spell. Question 14 Lecture 22 - Milankovitch The thermohaline circulation is driven by: a) Density differences between equatorial and high-latitude sea water. b) Differences in length of daylight between equatorial and high-latitude regions. c) Coriollis force. d) Global warming. Lecture 22 - Oscillations Question 15 The cycle of wet years in coastal Peru is about: a) 10 to 15 years. b) 50 to 100 years.

5 c) 3 to 8 years. d) 1 to 2 years. Question 16 Lecture 22 - Feedbacks The ice-albedo feedback is positive because: a) Ice caps are believed to be shrinking. b) If higher temperatures cause ice to melt, the exposed surfaces have lower albedo rates than ice. c) The ice acts like a giant ice cube on Earth. d) Ice accumulates only in winter. Lecture 23 - Urban Heat Islands Question 17 Two of the key processes that keep rural areas cooler than urban areas are: a) evaporation and sublimation b) transpiration and deposition c) transpiration and evaporation d) sublimation and deposition Question 18 Lecture 24 - Anthropogenic Climate Forcing Anthropogenic climate forcing refers to: a) Irrigation. b) Urban heat islands. c) Industrial activity. d) All of the above. Question 19 Lecture 24 - Human CO2 emissions

6 Since the late twentieth century, the largest source of fossil carbon emissions has been: a) Natural gas. b) Petroleum. c) Coal. d) Cement production. Question 20 Lecture 24 - Future Climates With changes in soil moisture, suitable growing conditions for wheat may shift to: a) Alabama. b) California. c) Kansas. d) Canada.