Stellar noise: physics and mechanisms
|
|
- Allyson Douglas
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Stellar noise: physics and mechanisms Ignasi Ribas Institut de Ciències de l Espai (CSIC IEEC, Barcelona) Leiden, October 2012
2 Stellar signal: physics and mechanisms Ignasi Ribas Institut de Ciències de l Espai (CSIC IEEC, Barcelona) Leiden, October 2012
3 The star planet connection Our knowledge of planets is directly driven by our knowledge of the parent star By influencing our ability to detect and measure planets ( systematic errors!) In indirect methods, all we see is the starlight (activity, binarity/rotation) In direct methods, there can be challenges to detectability (zodiacal light, binarity) Planet properties (mass, radius) are relative to those of the star By determining the intrinsic properties of planets The star is the overwhelmingly larger source of energy The stellar radiations i affect the composition, ii thermal properties and the existence of planetary atmospheres
4 The Sun is not a quiet, homogeneous gas sphere Spots and faculae (plages) Flares (coronal Flares (coronal loops)
5 The Sun is not a quiet, homogeneous gas sphere Meridional circulation Acoustic oscillations Granulation
6 The Sun is not a quiet, homogeneous gas sphere - Minutes to hours: granulation, p-mode oscillations - Hours to days: magnetic field + super- granulation - Days to rotation period: modulation by spots (magnetic field) - Rotation period to activity cycle: active region evolution (magnetic field) - Centuries: magnetic field variability + cycles yr: stellar evolution
7 Variability patterns: oscillations Sun (GONG) Modesexcited excited tend to be of high degree (lots of nodes on the surface) Timescale: 4 7 min Amplitude: cm s 1 Cen A (Bazot et al. 2007, A&A)
8 Variability patterns: oscillations Radial velocity amplitude: cm s 1 (Kjeldsen & Bedding, 2011, A&A) Chaplin et al. (2009, A&A) 16.7 min 8.3 min 5.6 min 4.2 min 3.3 min Huber et al. (2011, ApJ) Chaplin et al. (2011, Science)
9 Variability patterns: granulation Frohlich h& Lean (2004, A&ARv) Supergranulation Mesogranulation Granulation
10 Variability patterns: active regions The Sun, and low mass stars in general, are magnetically active Magnetic dynamo theory Rotation and the convective outer envelope interact to generate magnetic fields
11 Variability patterns: active regions Measured Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) 0.1% f PMOD composite of TSI based on measurements from instruments in space
12 Irradiance Sunspots Long term light variations dominated by faculae: the Sun is brightest when the number of sunspots is largest
13 Variability patterns: active regions Eker et al. (2003, A&A) Center to limb variation of an active region: limb brightening of faculae Active regions evolve over time: grow and decay (even simultaneously!) l Typical lifetimes of ordinary active regions range from a few days to a few months
14 Variability patterns: active regions Ball et al. (2012, A&A) Model assumes that all irradiance variations on time scales > 1 day are due to changes in solar surface magnetism Input: B, f sp, f fac ; params: quiet Sun, spots (umbra/penumbra), faculae, network associated with emergent intensity = f(, ) Good performance, but still lack of data for SSI
15 Variability patterns: active regions Spots (dark/bright) on the surface distort the line profile and give rise to non dynamical radial velocity variations Convective blueshifts also present and vary with line strength! cores of strong lines form high (low vel.); cores of shallow lines form deep (high vel.) Meunier et al. (2010, A&A)
16 The solar stellar stellar connection It is assumed that stellar magnetic activity works in the same way as in our Sun Rotation time scale: roughly 50% of G stars are more variable ibl than Sun (Basri et al. 2010, 2011; McQuillan et al. 2012). Solar cycle time scale: Sun appears to be less variable than comparison stars (Lockwood et al. 1992, 2007; Radick et al. 1998; Radick 2011) More active stars than the Sun aredarker when More active stars than the Sun are darker when averaged over times of higher activity
17 The solar stellar stellar connection: not so easy Lockwood et al. (2007, ApJS) Berdyugina (2005, LRSP) Lots of unknowns (TBD): Relative faculae contribution Temperature contrast General surface distribution (latitude?) Lifetimes: polar cap spots seem to be very long lived (years!)
18 The solar stellar stellar connection: surface modeling dl Maximum entropy modeling using Kepler and CoRoT light curves with parametric fit (f, Q, P rot, ) Very strong degeneracies: size, contrast, facular contribution, See, e.g., Lanza et al. (2009, 2010, 2011, A&A) LHS 6343 A Kepler data and Maximum Entropy best fit (Herrero et al., 2012, A&A, submitted)
19 Variability patterns: flares Audard et al. (2000, A&A) Fuhrmeister et al. (2008, A&A) Duration: min (250 min) Amplitude: Very large
20 Stellar activity as a challenge to discovering terrestrial planets Sun like stars Spot pattern variations (modulation, (dis)appearance) impact on astrometry and radial velocity Ast noise ~0.09 as RV noise ~0.38 m/s Makarov et al. (2009, ApJL) Sampling strategies can mitigate the noise Dumusque et al. (2011, A&A) Lagrange et al. (2010, A&A) Meunier et al. (2010, A&A)
21 M type stars Astrometric and RV jitter is even more of a concern for M type stars Long term (3 6 yr) magnetic cycles have been found to induce ~5 m s 1 RV variations (Gomes da Silva et al. 2012, A&A)
22 M type stars An option is to go into the NIR CARMENES project approach Amplitude of RV effect reduced by factor >1.5 But what is the temperature contrast spot photosphere? Reiners et al. (2010, ApJ) Barnes et al. (2010, MNRAS)
23 Activity diagnostics in RVs Boisse et al. (2011, A&A) Hor Queloz et al. (2009, A&A) CoRoT-7 Correlation of line bisector span with RVs Works only if surface is simple (i.e., 1 or few active regions) & fast rotators
24 Activity diagnostics in RVs HD : Queloz et al. (2001, A&A) Correlation with activity indices and brightness monitoring GJ 674: Bonfils et al. (2007, A&A)
25 Stellar activity as a challenge to characterizing planets Differential effects within the NIR are of a few parts in 10 4, but significant in the visible CoRoT-2 Beaulieu et al. (2008, ApJ) Ballerini et al. (2011, A&A)
26 Conclusions Progress in the understanding of planets is directly linked to progress in the understanding of stars The star is more than a source of noise Variations can be characterized and modeled and, when necessary, strategies can be put in place to mitigate effects
The effect of stellar activity on radial velocities. Raphaëlle D. Haywood Sagan Fellow, Harvard College Observatory
The effect of stellar activity on radial velocities Raphaëlle D. Haywood Sagan Fellow, Harvard College Observatory Mass and radius are the most fundamental parameters of a planet Main inputs for models
More informationStellar Signals in Radial Velocity Measurements
Stellar Signals in Radial Velocity Measurements ToE Porto 2014 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 +5.34824e4 Xavier Dumusque ~10 years Magnetic Cycle Magnetic Cycle Active Regions Rotational period ~30 days Magnetic
More informationModelling the photosphere of active stars for planet detection and characterization
Highlights of Spanish Astrophysics VIII, Proceedings of the XI Scientific Meeting of the Spanish Astronomical Society held on September 8 12, 2014, in Teruel, Spain. A. J. Cenarro, F. Figueras, C. Hernández-
More informationarxiv: v1 [astro-ph.sr] 22 Aug 2014
18th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems, and the Sun Proceedings of Lowell Observatory (9-13 June 2014) Edited by G. van Belle & H. Harris Using Transiting Planets to Model Starspot Evolution
More informationarxiv: v1 [astro-ph.sr] 27 May 2015
Astronomy & Astrophysics manuscript no. Article v3 c ESO 2017 September 20, 2017 Using the Sun to estimate Earth-like planets detection capabilities. V. Parameterizing the impact of solar activity components
More informationStarspot Magnetic Fields
Starspot Magnetic Fields Adriana (Silva) Valio CRAAM Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie Precision Spectroscopy: Toward Earth 2.0 01-04/08/2017 Spot detection during transit Very likely, all cool stars
More informationDesign Reference Mission. DRM approach
Design Reference Mission The Design Reference Mission (DRM) is a set of observing programs which together provide a tool to assist with tradeoff decisions in the design of the E-ELT (examples of observing
More informationModelling stellar micro-variability
Image: GOES-12 / SXI composite of Venus 2004 transit Modelling stellar micro-variability S. Aigrain (IoA, Cambridge) F. Favata (ESA/ESTEC), G. Gilmore (IoA, Cambridge) Outline Motivation in the context
More informationarxiv: v1 [astro-ph.sr] 11 Sep 2014
SOAP 2.: A tool to estimate the photometric and radial velocity variations induced by stellar spots and plages. X. Dumusque 1, I.Boisse 2, N.C. Santos 3,4 arxiv:149.394v1 [astro-ph.sr] 11 Sep 214 ABSTRACT
More informationConvection in Cool Stars, as Seen through Kepler's Eyes
Convection in Cool Stars, as Seen through Kepler's Eyes Fabienne A. Bastien (Hubble Fellow, Penn State) Keivan G. Stassun (Vanderbilt), Gibor Basri (Berkeley), Jason Wright (Penn State), Joshua Pepper
More informationarxiv: v1 [astro-ph.ep] 5 Nov 2017
Noise Sources in Photometry and Radial Velocities Mahmoudreza Oshagh arxiv:1711.01564v1 [astro-ph.ep] 5 Nov 2017 Abstract The quest for Earth-like, extrasolar planets (exoplanets), especially those located
More informationThe Sun as an exoplanet-host star: testbed for radial-velocity variations. Raphaëlle D. Haywood Sagan Fellow, Harvard College Observatory
The Sun as an exoplanet-host star: testbed for radial-velocity variations Raphaëlle D. Haywood Sagan Fellow, Harvard College Observatory Motivation: why should we care about the Sun? Accounting for stellar
More informationModelling Brightness Variability of Sun-Like Stars
Modelling Brightness Variability of Sun-Like Stars V. Witzke, A. I. Shapiro, S. K. Solanki, N. A. Krivova Cool Stars 20 Fundamental Properties of Cool Stars August 1st, 2018 Veronika Witzke (MPS) 2018
More informationProbing Stellar Structure with Pressure & Gravity modes the Sun and Red Giants. Yvonne Elsworth. Science on the Sphere 14/15 July 2014
Probing Stellar Structure with Pressure & Gravity modes the Sun and Red Giants Yvonne Elsworth Science on the Sphere 14/15 July 2014 Evolving stars are building blocks of the galaxy and their cores are
More informationarxiv: v1 [astro-ph.sr] 5 Oct 2011
Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 000, 1 13 (... ) Printed 6 October 2011 (MN LATEX style file v2.2) arxiv:1110.1034v1 [astro-ph.sr] 5 Oct 2011 A simple method to estimate radial velocity variations due to stellar
More informationReconstruction of TSI from Broad Band Facular Contrast Measurements by the Solar Bolometric Image
Reconstruction of TSI from Broad Band Facular Contrast Measurements by the Solar Bolometric Image Pietro N. Bernasconi JHU/Applied Physics Laboratory, pietro.bernasconi@jhuapl.edu Peter V. Foukal Heliophysics
More informationTests of stellar physics with high-precision data from eclipsing binary stars
Tests of stellar physics with high-precision data from eclipsing binary stars Ignasi Ribas Institut de Ciències de l Espai (CSIC-IEEC, Barcelona) Barcelona, April 2013 Eclipsing binary systems Eclipsing
More informationThe Sun. Basic Properties. Radius: Mass: Luminosity: Effective Temperature:
The Sun Basic Properties Radius: Mass: 5 R Sun = 6.96 km 9 R M Sun 5 30 = 1.99 kg 3.33 M ρ Sun = 1.41g cm 3 Luminosity: L Sun = 3.86 26 W Effective Temperature: L Sun 2 4 = 4πRSunσTe Te 5770 K The Sun
More informationNon-spot magnetic fields
Non-spot magnetic fields Non-spot fields Sunspots cover in general
More informationAn Explanation of the Missing Flux from Boyajian s Mysterious Star. Peter Foukal, Nahant, MA, 01908, USA. Abstract
An Explanation of the Missing Flux from Boyajian s Mysterious Star. Peter Foukal, Nahant, MA, 01908, USA Abstract A previously unremarked star in the constellation Cygnus has, in the past year, become
More informationExtrasolar Planets. Methods of detection Characterization Theoretical ideas Future prospects
Extrasolar Planets Methods of detection Characterization Theoretical ideas Future prospects Methods of detection Methods of detection Methods of detection Pulsar timing Planetary motion around pulsar
More informationA Pathway to Earth-like Worlds:
A Pathway to Earth-like Worlds: Overcoming Astrophysical Noise due to Convection Dr. Heather Cegla!! Dr. Chris Watson, Dr. Sergiy Shelyag, Prof. Mihalis Mathioudakis A Pathway to Earth-like Worlds: CoRoT
More informationThe Sun. The Sun is a star: a shining ball of gas powered by nuclear fusion. Mass of Sun = 2 x g = 330,000 M Earth = 1 M Sun
The Sun The Sun is a star: a shining ball of gas powered by nuclear fusion. Mass of Sun = 2 x 10 33 g = 330,000 M Earth = 1 M Sun Radius of Sun = 7 x 10 5 km = 109 R Earth = 1 R Sun Luminosity of Sun =
More informationThe Solar Interior and Helioseismology
The Solar Interior and Helioseismology Bill Chaplin, School of Physics & Astronomy University of Birmingham, UK STFC Advanced Summer School, 2016 Sep 6 University of Sheffield http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/predict.shtml
More informationDate of delivery: 29 June 2011 Journal and vol/article ref: IAU Number of pages (not including this page): 5
Date of delivery: 29 June 2011 Journal and vol/article ref: IAU 1101538 Number of pages (not including this page): 5 Author queries: Typesetter queries: Non-printed material: The Physics of the Sun and
More informationSurface features from high-precision photometry
Surface features from high-precision photometry Klaus G. Strassmeier, Leibniz-Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP) in collaboration with Igor Savanov, Thomas Granzer and John Rice 1. The old game:
More informationThe Sun Our Extraordinary Ordinary Star
The Sun Our Extraordinary Ordinary Star 1 Guiding Questions 1. What is the source of the Sun s energy? 2. What is the internal structure of the Sun? 3. How can astronomers measure the properties of the
More informationAn Overview of the Details
The Sun Our Extraordinary Ordinary Star 1 Guiding Questions 1. What is the source of the Sun s energy? 2. What is the internal structure of the Sun? 3. How can astronomers measure the properties of the
More informationDimming of the Mid- 20 th Century Sun
Dimming of the Mid- 2 th Century Sun Peter Foukal 1 Advances in understanding of the bright white light (WL) faculae measured at the Royal Greenwich Observatory (RGO) from 1874-1976 suggest that they offer
More informationUnderstanding Astrophysical Noise from Stellar Surface Magneto-Convection
Understanding Astrophysical Noise from Stellar Surface Magneto-Convection H.M. Cegla 1, C.A. Watson 1, S. Shelyag 2, M. Mathioudakis 1 1 Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics & Physics, Queen
More information1. Solar Atmosphere Surface Features and Magnetic Fields
1. Solar Atmosphere Surface Features and Magnetic Fields Sunspots, Granulation, Filaments and Prominences, Coronal Loops 2. Solar Cycle: Observations The Sun: applying black-body radiation laws Radius
More informationAn Overview of the Details
Guiding Questions The Sun Our Extraordinary Ordinary Star 1. What is the source of the Sun s energy? 2. What is the internal structure of the Sun? 3. How can astronomers measure the properties of the Sun
More informationModule 4: Astronomy - The Solar System Topic 2 Content: Solar Activity Presentation Notes
The Sun, the largest body in the Solar System, is a giant ball of gas held together by gravity. The Sun is constantly undergoing the nuclear process of fusion and creating a tremendous amount of light
More informationPhys 100 Astronomy (Dr. Ilias Fernini) Review Questions for Chapter 8
Phys 100 Astronomy (Dr. Ilias Fernini) Review Questions for Chapter 8 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Granulation is caused by a. sunspots. * b. rising gas below the photosphere. c. shock waves in the corona. d. the
More informationHelioseismology: GONG/BiSON/SoHO
Helioseismology: GONG/BiSON/SoHO Asteroseismology: Solar-like oscillations in other stars Study stars of different Masses, Ages and Chemical Composition Stellar Structure and Evolution Solar-like oscillations
More informationChapter 2 Stellar Activity as a Source of Radial-Velocity Variability
Chapter 2 Stellar Activity as a Source of Radial-Velocity Variability The key to breaking the activity barrier in exoplanet detections lies in our understanding of the physical origin and temporal structure
More informationThe Sun s Dynamic Atmosphere
Lecture 16 The Sun s Dynamic Atmosphere Jiong Qiu, MSU Physics Department Guiding Questions 1. What is the temperature and density structure of the Sun s atmosphere? Does the atmosphere cool off farther
More informationIndirect Methods: gravitational perturbation of the stellar motion. Exoplanets Doppler method
Indirect Methods: gravitational perturbation of the stellar motion Exoplanets The reflex motion of the star is proportional to M p /M * This introduces an observational bias that favours the detection
More informationOur Star: The Sun. Layers that make up the Sun. Understand the Solar cycle. Understand the process by which energy is generated by the Sun.
Goals: Our Star: The Sun Layers that make up the Sun. Understand the Solar cycle. Understand the process by which energy is generated by the Sun. Components of the Sun Solar Interior: Core: where energy
More informationThe Sun ASTR /17/2014
The Sun ASTR 101 11/17/2014 1 Radius: 700,000 km (110 R ) Mass: 2.0 10 30 kg (330,000 M ) Density: 1400 kg/m 3 Rotation: Differential, about 25 days at equator, 30 days at poles. Surface temperature: 5800
More informationSynergies between E-ELT and space instrumentation for extrasolar planet science
Synergies between E-ELT and space instrumentation for extrasolar planet science Raffaele Gratton and Mariangela Bonavita INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova - ITALY Main topics in exo-planetary science
More informationarxiv: v1 [astro-ph.ep] 16 Feb 2012
Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 000, 1 5 (2011) Printed 20 February 2012 (MN LATEX style file v2.2) Using Kepler transit observations to measure stellar spot belt migration rates arxiv:1202.3785v1 [astro-ph.ep]
More informationZeeman Paschen-Back effects
Zeeman Paschen-Back effects ZE: Weak Bfield Magnetic splitting level separation Splitting linear with B Equal total strength of σ b, π, σ r components (Anti-)symmetric Zero net polarization (Incomplete)
More informationarxiv: v1 [astro-ph.ep] 30 Nov 2018
Astronomy & Astrophysics manuscript no. manuscript_v2_final c ESO 2018 December 3, 2018 Measuring precise radial velocities and cross-correlation function line-profile variations using a Skew Normal density
More informationarxiv: v1 [astro-ph.sr] 22 Oct 2012
Astronomische Nachrichten, 17 October 2018 Solar irradiance variability Sami K. Solanki 1,2, and Yvonne C. Unruh 3 1 Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Max Planck Str. 2, D-37191 Katlenburg-Lindau,
More informationarxiv:astro-ph/ v1 28 Feb 2003
Stellar Rotation Proceedings IAU Symposium No. 215, c 2003 IAU André Maeder & Philippe Eenens, eds. Absolute Wavelength Shifts A new diagnostic for rapidly rotating stars arxiv:astro-ph/0302592v1 28 Feb
More informationThe Sun Our Star. Properties Interior Atmosphere Photosphere Chromosphere Corona Magnetism Sunspots Solar Cycles Active Sun
The Sun Our Star Properties Interior Atmosphere Photosphere Chromosphere Corona Magnetism Sunspots Solar Cycles Active Sun General Properties Not a large star, but larger than most Spectral type G2 It
More informationExtrasolar Transiting Planets: Detection and False Positive Rejection
4 Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Extrasolar Transiting Planets: Detection and False Positive Rejection Willie Torres Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Young Planetary Systems Workshop
More informationThe Sun. Nearest Star Contains most of the mass of the solar system Source of heat and illumination
The Sun Nearest Star Contains most of the mass of the solar system Source of heat and illumination Outline Properties Structure Solar Cycle Energetics Equation of Stellar Structure TBC Properties of Sun
More informationRealistic limitations of detecting planets around young active stars
Realistic limitations of detecting planets around young active stars Sandra Jeffers IAG Goettingen In collaboration with: John Barnes, Hugh Jones, David Pinfield (Hertfordshire, UK) + ROPACS Impact of
More informationLearning Objectives. wavelengths of light do we use to see each of them? mass ejections? Which are the most violent?
Our Beacon: The Sun Learning Objectives! What are the outer layers of the Sun, in order? What wavelengths of light do we use to see each of them?! Why does limb darkening tell us the inner Sun is hotter?!
More informationSami K. Solanki and Manfred Schüssler
Mem. S.A.It. Vol.??, 1 c SAIt 2004 Memorie della "!# %$ &' ( ) *!+, & Sami K. Solanki and Manfred Schüssler Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Planck-Str. 2, 37191, Katlenburg- Lindau,
More informationSTELLAR ROTATION AND MAGNETIC ACTIVITY:
STELLAR ROTATION AND MAGNETIC ACTIVITY: USING ASTEROSEISMOLOGY Rafael A. García Service d Astrophysique, CEA-Saclay, France Special thanks to: S. Mathur, K. Auguston, J. Ballot, T. Ceillier, T. Metcalfe,
More informationScience Olympiad Astronomy C Division Event National Exam
Science Olympiad Astronomy C Division Event National Exam University of Nebraska-Lincoln May 15-16, 2015 Team Number: Team Name: Instructions: 1) Please turn in all materials at the end of the event. 2)
More informationSun s Properties. Overview: The Sun. Composition of the Sun. Sun s Properties. The outer layers. Photosphere: Surface. Nearest.
Overview: The Sun Properties of the Sun Sun s outer layers Photosphere Chromosphere Corona Solar Activity Sunspots & the sunspot cycle Flares, prominences, CMEs, aurora Sun s Interior The Sun as an energy
More informationHelioseismology. Bill Chaplin, School of Physics & Astronomy University of Birmingham, UK
Helioseismology Bill Chaplin, School of Physics & Astronomy University of Birmingham, UK STFC Advanced Summer School, 2014 Sep 1 University of Dundee http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/predict.shtml http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/predict.shtml
More informationOverview Total Irradiance SORCE/TIM observations and database variability components, models, comparisons Spectral Irradiance
Comparison of Solar Irradiance Variability Models with SORCE Observations Judith Lean 1, Jerald Harder 2, Greg Kopp 2 1. Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC 2. LASP, University
More informationAstronomy 1 Fall Reminder: When/where does your observing session meet? [See from your TA.]
Astronomy 1 Fall 2016 Reminder: When/where does your observing session meet? [See email from your TA.] Lecture 9, October 25, 2016 Previously on Astro-1 What is the Moon made of? How did the Moon form?
More informationSolar-like oscillations in intermediate mass stars
Solar-like oscillations in intermediate mass stars Victoria Antoci SAC (Stellar Astrophysics Centre), Aarhus University, Denmark Why are intermediate mass stars so important? Credit: Kupka & Weiss1999
More informationOur sun is the star in our solar system, which lies within a galaxy (Milky Way) within the universe. A star is a large glowing ball of gas that
Our sun is the star in our solar system, which lies within a galaxy (Milky Way) within the universe. A star is a large glowing ball of gas that generates energy through nuclear fusion in its core. The
More informationPTYS/ASTR 206. The Sun 3/1/07
The Announcements Reading Assignment Review and finish reading Chapter 18 Optional reading March 2006 Scientific American: article by Gene Parker titled Shielding Space Travelers http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/solar_variability
More informationDetecting planets around active stars: impact of magnetic fields on radial velocities and line bisectors
doi:10.1093/mnras/stu1285 Detecting planets around active stars: impact of magnetic fields on radial velocities and line bisectors É. M. Hébrard, 1,2 J.-F. Donati, 1,2 X. Delfosse, 3 J. Morin, 4,5 I. Boisse,
More informationThe Interior Structure of the Sun
The Interior Structure of the Sun Data for one of many model calculations of the Sun center Temperature 1.57 10 7 K Pressure 2.34 10 16 N m -2 Density 1.53 10 5 kg m -3 Hydrogen 0.3397 Helium 0.6405 The
More informationChapter 8 The Sun Our Star
Note that the following lectures include animations and PowerPoint effects such as fly ins and transitions that require you to be in PowerPoint's Slide Show mode (presentation mode). Chapter 8 The Sun
More informationAnnouncements. - Homework #5 due today - Review on Monday 3:30 4:15pm in RH103 - Test #2 next Tuesday, Oct 11
Announcements - Homework #5 due today - Review on Monday 3:30 4:15pm in RH103 - Test #2 next Tuesday, Oct 11 Review for Test #2 Oct 11 Topics: The Solar System and its Formation The Earth and our Moon
More information"Heinrich Schwabe's holistic detective agency
"Heinrich Schwabe's holistic detective agency, Ricky Egeland* High Altitude Observatory, NCAR 1. Sun alone is a complex system, emergence, total is > Σ of parts=> holistic 2. The Sun alone has provided
More informationDeriving the radial-velocity variations induced by stellar activity from high-precision photometry
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201117270 c ESO 2011 Astronomy & Astrophysics Deriving the radial-velocity variations induced by stellar activity from high-precision photometry Test on HD 189733 with simultaneous
More informationarxiv: v2 [astro-ph.sr] 26 Nov 2017
The nature of solar noise (SUBMITTED VERSION) A.I. Shapiro 1, S.K. Solanki 1,2, N.A. Krivova 1, R. H. Cameron 1, K.L. Yeo 1, W.K. Schmutz 3 1 Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg
More informationSupporting Online Material for
www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/science.1201939/dc1 Supporting Online Material for Kepler-Detected Gravity-Mode Period Spacings in a Red Giant Star P. G. Beck,* T. R. Bedding, B. Mosser, D. Stello,
More informationStars. The size of the Sun
Stars Huge spheres of gas floating in space Composed primarily of H, He. Produce their own energy. Our Galaxy: 10 11 (100 billion) stars. The Sun: a typical star Stars range from ~ 0.1 to ~ 20 M M = solar
More informationWhat We've Learned from SORCE: Solar Cycle Maximum to Minimum
What We've Learned from SORCE: Solar Cycle Maximum to Minimum! Overview of SORCE Mission! Expectations from SORCE! Solar Cycle Results from SORCE Tom Woods LASP / University
More informationThe Sun: Our Star. The Sun is an ordinary star and shines the same way other stars do.
The Sun: Our Star The Sun is an ordinary star and shines the same way other stars do. Announcements q Homework # 4 is due today! q Units 49 and 51 Assigned Reading Today s Goals q Today we start section
More informationSupporting Calculations for NASA s IRIS Mission. I. Overview
Supporting Calculations for NASA s IRIS Mission. I. Overview Eugene Avrett Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 Understanding the solar chromosphere continues
More information3.4 Transiting planets
64 CHAPTER 3. TRANSITS OF PLANETS: MEAN DENSITIES 3.4 Transiting planets A transits of a planet in front of its parent star occurs if the line of sight is very close to the orbital plane. The transit probability
More informationHas the Sun lost its spots?
Has the Sun lost its spots? M. S. Wheatland School of Physics Sydney Institute for Astrophysics University of Sydney Research Bite 3 September 2009 SID ERE MENS E A DEM MUT ATO The University of Sydney
More informationAn observational correlation between stellar brightness variations and surface gravity
An observational correlation between stellar brightness variations and surface gravity Fabienne A. Bastien 1, Keivan G. Stassun 1,2, Gibor Basri 3, Joshua Pepper 1,4 1 Department of Physics & Astronomy,
More informationMonitoring the Behavior of Star Spots Using Photometric Data
Monitoring the Behavior of Star Spots Using Photometric Data P. Ioannidis 1 and J.H.M.M. Schmitt 1 1 Hamburger Sternwarte, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 HH - Germany Abstract. We use high accuracy photometric
More informationSolar Structure. Connections between the solar interior and solar activity. Deep roots of solar activity
Deep roots of solar activity Michael Thompson University of Sheffield Sheffield, U.K. michael.thompson@sheffield.ac.uk With thanks to: Alexander Kosovichev, Rudi Komm, Steve Tobias Connections between
More informationASTRO Fall Lecture 18. Thursday October 28, 2010
ASTRO 2233 Fall 2010 Planet Detec4on Issues Lecture 18 Thursday October 28, 2010 Astrometry: Advantages: Direct measurement of mass of the planet assumes we know star s mass from stellar type i.e. spectral
More informationBased on: Csizmadia, Pasternacki, Dreyer, Cabrera, Erikson, Rauer: A&A 549, A9 (2013) and Csizmadia et al. (2013) in prep.
The effect of stellar activity and limb-darkening on the precision of planet radii Sz. Csizmadia, J. Cabrera, H. Rauer, A. Erikson, C. Dreyer, Th. Pasternacki Based on: Csizmadia, Pasternacki, Dreyer,
More informationGuidepost. Chapter 08 The Sun 10/12/2015. General Properties. The Photosphere. Granulation. Energy Transport in the Photosphere.
Guidepost The Sun is the source of light an warmth in our solar system, so it is a natural object to human curiosity. It is also the star most easily visible from Earth, and therefore the most studied.
More informationHelios in Greek and Sol in Roman
Helios in Greek and Sol in Roman Drove his chariot across the sky to provide daylight Returned each night in a huge golden cup on the river Oceanus His son Phaeton drove the chariot one day but lost control
More informationName: Date: 2. The temperature of the Sun's photosphere is A) close to 1 million K. B) about 10,000 K. C) 5800 K. D) 4300 K.
Name: Date: 1. What is the Sun's photosphere? A) envelope of convective mass motion in the outer interior of the Sun B) lowest layer of the Sun's atmosphere C) middle layer of the Sun's atmosphere D) upper
More informationarxiv: v1 [astro-ph.sr] 16 Dec 2018
Astronomy & Astrophysics manuscript no. main c ESO 2018 December 18, 2018 Starspot rotation rates vs. activity cycle phase: Butterfly diagrams of Kepler stars are unlike the Sun s M. B. Nielsen 1, L. Gizon
More informationWhat do we see on the face of the Sun? Lecture 3: The solar atmosphere
What do we see on the face of the Sun? Lecture 3: The solar atmosphere The Sun s atmosphere Solar atmosphere is generally subdivided into multiple layers. From bottom to top: photosphere, chromosphere,
More informationSolar variability and climate change: is there a link?
Solar variability and climate change: is there a link? Sami K Solanki presents the Harold Jeffreys Lecture on the links between our climate and the behaviour of the Sun, from the perspective of a solar
More informationSpring 2001: The Sun. Equipment:! This write-up, calculator, lab notebook! Data you downloaded from the SOHO website
Our Sun is a middle-aged, medium sized star, big enough to hold a million Earths. The ancient Greeks thought that the Sun was a perfect sphere of fire. Today we know that the Sun is a variable star that
More informationMagnetometry of M dwarfs: methodology & results
Magnetometry of M dwarfs: methodology & results Julien Morin Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier First MaTYSSE meeting - Toulouse 2nd November 2015 Outline 1 Magnetic fields: a crucial ingredient
More informationThe impact of stellar oscillations on doppler velocity planet searches
Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 386, 516 520 (2008) doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13061.x The impact of stellar oscillations on doppler velocity planet searches S. J. O Toole, 1 C. G. Tinney 1,2 and H. R. A.
More informationThe General Properties of the Sun
Notes: The General Properties of the Sun The sun is an average star with average brightness. It only looks bright because it s so close. It contains 99% of the mass of the solar system. It is made of entirely
More informationGranulation in stars. solar granulation. Thomas IAU GA Beijing, Aug Wednesday, January 2, 13
Granulation in stars Thomas Kallinger @ IAU GA Beijing, Aug 2012 solar granulation granulation in the Sun the solar signal... SOHO/NASA activity granulation pulsation the solar background... simple model
More informationThe Magnetic Sun. CESAR s Booklet
The Magnetic Sun CESAR s Booklet 1 Introduction to planetary magnetospheres and the interplanetary medium Most of the planets in our Solar system are enclosed by huge magnetic structures, named magnetospheres
More informationPlanet Detection. AST 105 Intro Astronomy The Solar System
Review AST 105 Intro Astronomy The Solar System MIDTERM III this THURSDAY 04/8 covering LECT. 17 through We ve talked about the Terrestrial Planets and the Jovian Planets - What about planets around other
More informationSONG overview. Jørgen Christensen-Dalsgaard Department of Physics and Astronomy Aarhus University
SONG overview Jørgen Christensen-Dalsgaard Department of Physics and Astronomy Aarhus University The SONG concept Network of 8 telescopes with a global distribution Long, nearly continuous observations
More informationRotation and activity in low-mass stars
Rotation and activity in low-mass stars ät öttingen Outline I. Introduction: Magnetic activity and why we care about it II. III. Spin-up and spin-down: Rotational evolution of sun-like stars Magnetic field
More informationIX. Dwarf Planets A. A planet is defined to be an object that is large enough to coalesce into a sphere and to have cleared its orbit of other
7/1 VII. VIII. Uranus A. Gas Giant 1. Rings but not visible 2. HUGE axial tilt 97! 3. Mostly hydrogen and helium 4. Medium rotation rate 5. Cold 55 K at the cloud tops B. Physical characteristics 1. Mass:
More informationCONTENT EXPECTATIONS
THE SUN & THE STARS CONTENT EXPECTATIONS STARS What are stars? Are they all the same? What makes them different? What is our nearest star? THE SUN Why is it important? provides heat and light that we need
More informationAstronomy 1 Winter 2011
Astronomy 1 Winter 2011 Lecture 19; February 23 2011 Asteroids Comets Meteors Previously on Astro-1 Homework Due 03/02/11 On your own: answer all the review questions in chapters 16 17 and 18 To TAs: answer
More informationL. A. Upton. Heliophysics Summer School. July 27 th 2016
L. A. Upton Heliophysics Summer School July 27 th 2016 Sunspots, cool dark regions appearing on the surface of the Sun, are formed when the magnetic field lines pass through the photosphere. (6000 times
More informationProblem set: solar irradiance and solar wind
Problem set: solar irradiance and solar wind Karel Schrijver July 3, 203 Stratification of a static atmosphere within a force-free magnetic field Problem: Write down the general MHD force-balance equation
More information