Days of the week: - named after 7 Power (moving) objects in the sky (Sun, Moon, 5 planets) Models of the Universe:

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Days of the week: - named after 7 Power (moving) objects in the sky (Sun, Moon, 5 planets) Models of the Universe:"

Transcription

1 Motions of the Planets ( Wanderers ) Planets move on celestial sphere - change RA, Dec each night - five are visible to naked eye Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn Days of the week: - named after 7 Power (moving) objects in the sky (Sun, Moon, 5 planets) English Spanish French Roman/Latin Germanic/ Origin Norse Origin Sunday Domingo Dimanche Sun Sun Monday Lunes Lundi Luna (Moon) Moon Tuesday Martes Mardi Mars Tyr Wednesday Miercoles Mercredi Mercury Wodan Thursday Jueves Jeudi Jupiter (Jove) Thor Friday Viernes Vendredi Venus Frigg Saturday Sabado Samedi Saturn Saturn Motion of the planets: - move near ecliptic (through zodiac) - most of the time, move eastward Prograde Motion - occasionally: change direction and move westward Retrograde Motion Models of the Universe: Aristotle: philosophy of Idealism ( 2000 years ago) - circles and spheres are ideal shapes structure of universe based on circles and spheres Geocentric Cosmology - Earth is at center, stationary - Sun, Moon, 5 known planets revolve around Earth on concentric circles - Earth at center of rotating Celestial Sphere

2 Ptolemaic Model - orbit of planet around Earth - Deferent - planets are fixed to smaller circles - Epicycles Planets revolve on epicycles while epicycles revolve on deferent Claudius Ptolemy (137 A.D.) - most accurate model of planetary motion at the time based on Geocentric Cosmology Link: Ptolemaic System - used for over 1300 years - over time, needed adjustments

3 Eventually, model had 234 epicycles to describe the motion of 5 planets!! Orbit of Mercury Nicholas Copernicus ( ) - developed an accurate Sun centered ( Heliocentric ) model Heliocentric Cosmology - Earth is a planet, orbiting around the sun - other planets on larger or smaller orbits explains retrograde motion in simple way: - Earth passes by outer planets - gives appearance that other planets change direction Copernicus - used simple geometry to find distances to planets - close to modern values! - but, still used circular orbits - not entirely accurate Tycho Brahe ( ) Greatest Observational Genius of the Age - very accurate & precise observations before telescope - accuracy of 0.1 o (or 6') - near limit of human eye - measured positions of planets Johannes Kepler ( ) Greatest Theoretician of the Age - assistant to Tycho Brahe - used data to describe planetary orbits (after Tycho s death) - tried to find correct geometrical shape: - found that orbits are Ellipses!!

4 Kepler s First Law: Orbits of planets: - are ellipses - with the sun at one focus Eccentricity: - measure of how round/flat the ellipse is - ranges from 0 (circle) to 1.0 (flat line) Properties of an Ellipse: b a focus focus a - semimajor axis b - semiminor axis Kepler s Second Law: Kepler studied motion of a planet: the speed of the planet changes - planets move faster when closer to sun (closest point: Perihelion) - planets move slower when farther from sun (furthest point: Aphelion) A line joining a planet and the sun: - sweeps out equal areas in equal times Kepler s Third Law: When Kepler studied other planets, found: - a planet with a larger orbit - takes longer to orbit the sun and moves slower! The squares of the periods are proportional to the cubes of the semimajor axes Definition: For Earth s orbit Semimajor axis = 1 Astronomical Unit For any planet, P 2 = a 3 Mercury: P = yrs a = A.U. P 2 = yrs 2 a 3 = A.U. 3 Jupiter: P = yrs a = 5.20 A.U. P 2 = yrs 2 a 3 = A.U. 3 Example: An object that orbits 4 A.U. from Sun a = 4 AU: a 3 = 4 3 = 64 P = a 3 = 64 = 8 yrs Object will take 8 years to orbit Sun

5 Galileo Galilei ( ) - first person to use telescope to study sky Astronomical Observations: Surface of the Moon - normal geological features like mountains, craters, valleys similar to Earth Surface of the Sun - saw spots on surface ( blemishes! ) could measure rotation Moons of Jupiter - four moons in orbit around Jupiter - obeyed Kepler s Laws - Earth not only center of revolution Venus - goes through same phases as Moon - becomes larger when dimmer, smaller when brighter Previous Observations -Mercury, Venus always close to sun Geocentric (Earth-centered) Model: - their orbits around the Earth must be linked to sun

6 Heliocentric Model: - their orbits are smaller than Earth, cannot move far away from sun If Venus has all the phases of Moon: Venus must orbit sun! Observations cannot be explained by Geocentric Cosmology! Isaac Newton ( ) - described what causes motion FORCE - a force is a push or a pull Newton s Three Laws of Motion: First Law (Law of Inertia) if no net force, an object: - will be at rest - or moves at a constant speed, in straight line, forever Second Law (F = ma) If a net force acts on an object: - it changes its motion (accelerates) - speeds up, slows down, or turns - depends on mass of object - more mass, harder to accelerate Third Law ( action action-reaction reaction ) If two objects apply forces on each other: - the forces are exactly the same strength, but opposite in direction Planets move on elliptical orbits - change direction, speed due to force on planets! Newton: Universal Law of Gravity F G = G m 1 m 2 r 2 G - gravitational constant = 6.67 x m 3 /kg s 2 - proportional to masses (m 1, m 2 ) - inversely proportional to square of distance (r)

7 Mass versus Weight Mass - amount of matter Weight - force of gravity on matter If you weighed 150 lbs on Earth: Mass Weight Sun 68 kg 4000 lbs Jupiter 68 kg 400 lbs Mars 68 kg 60 lbs Moon 68 kg 25 lbs Asteroid 68 kg 1/2 oz.

Learning Objectives. one night? Over the course of several nights? How do true motion and retrograde motion differ?

Learning Objectives. one night? Over the course of several nights? How do true motion and retrograde motion differ? Kepler s Laws Learning Objectives! Do the planets move east or west over the course of one night? Over the course of several nights? How do true motion and retrograde motion differ?! What are geocentric

More information

PHYS 155 Introductory Astronomy

PHYS 155 Introductory Astronomy PHYS 155 Introductory Astronomy - observing sessions: Sunday Thursday, 9pm, weather permitting http://www.phys.uconn.edu/observatory - Exam - Tuesday March 20, - Review Monday 6:30-9pm, PB 38 Marek Krasnansky

More information

Introduction To Modern Astronomy II

Introduction To Modern Astronomy II ASTR 111 003 Fall 2006 Lecture 03 Sep. 18, 2006 Introduction To Modern Astronomy II Introducing Astronomy (chap. 1-6) Planets and Moons (chap. 7-17) Ch1: Astronomy and the Universe Ch2: Knowing the Heavens

More information

Gravitation Part I. Ptolemy, Copernicus, Galileo, and Kepler

Gravitation Part I. Ptolemy, Copernicus, Galileo, and Kepler Gravitation Part I. Ptolemy, Copernicus, Galileo, and Kepler Celestial motions The stars: Uniform daily motion about the celestial poles (rising and setting). The Sun: Daily motion around the celestial

More information

Astronomy Notes Chapter 02.notebook April 11, 2014 Pythagoras Aristotle geocentric retrograde motion epicycles deferents Aristarchus, heliocentric

Astronomy Notes Chapter 02.notebook April 11, 2014 Pythagoras Aristotle geocentric retrograde motion epicycles deferents Aristarchus, heliocentric Around 2500 years ago, Pythagoras began to use math to describe the world around him. Around 200 years later, Aristotle stated that the Universe is understandable and is governed by regular laws. Most

More information

Gravitation and the Motion of the Planets

Gravitation and the Motion of the Planets Gravitation and the Motion of the Planets 1 Guiding Questions 1. How did ancient astronomers explain the motions of the planets? 2. Why did Copernicus think that the Earth and the other planets go around

More information

Introduction To Modern Astronomy I

Introduction To Modern Astronomy I ASTR 111 003 Fall 2006 Lecture 03 Sep. 18, 2006 Introduction To Modern Astronomy I Introducing Astronomy (chap. 1-6) Planets and Moons (chap. 7-17) Ch1: Astronomy and the Universe Ch2: Knowing the Heavens

More information

Announcements. Topics To Be Covered in this Lecture

Announcements. Topics To Be Covered in this Lecture Announcements! Tonight s observing session is cancelled (due to clouds)! the next one will be one week from now, weather permitting! The 2 nd LearningCurve activity was due earlier today! Assignment 2

More information

cosmogony geocentric heliocentric How the Greeks modeled the heavens

cosmogony geocentric heliocentric How the Greeks modeled the heavens Cosmogony A cosmogony is theory about ones place in the universe. A geocentric cosmogony is a theory that proposes Earth to be at the center of the universe. A heliocentric cosmogony is a theory that proposes

More information

Review of previous concepts!! Earth s orbit: Year, seasons, observed constellations, Polaris (North star), day/night lengths, equinoxes

Review of previous concepts!! Earth s orbit: Year, seasons, observed constellations, Polaris (North star), day/night lengths, equinoxes Review of previous concepts!! Earth s orbit: Year, seasons, observed constellations, Polaris (North star), day/night lengths, equinoxes Celestial poles, celestial equator, ecliptic, ecliptic plane (Fig

More information

Gravitation and the Waltz of the Planets

Gravitation and the Waltz of the Planets Gravitation and the Waltz of the Planets Chapter Four Guiding Questions 1. How did ancient astronomers explain the motions of the planets? 2. Why did Copernicus think that the Earth and the other planets

More information

Gravitation and the Waltz of the Planets. Chapter Four

Gravitation and the Waltz of the Planets. Chapter Four Gravitation and the Waltz of the Planets Chapter Four Guiding Questions 1. How did ancient astronomers explain the motions of the planets? 2. Why did Copernicus think that the Earth and the other planets

More information

Most of the time during full and new phases, the Moon lies above or below the Sun in the sky.

Most of the time during full and new phases, the Moon lies above or below the Sun in the sky. 6/16 Eclipses: We don t have eclipses every month because the plane of the Moon s orbit about the Earth is different from the plane the ecliptic, the Earth s orbital plane about the Sun. The planes of

More information

18. Kepler as a young man became the assistant to A) Nicolaus Copernicus. B) Ptolemy. C) Tycho Brahe. D) Sir Isaac Newton.

18. Kepler as a young man became the assistant to A) Nicolaus Copernicus. B) Ptolemy. C) Tycho Brahe. D) Sir Isaac Newton. Name: Date: 1. The word planet is derived from a Greek term meaning A) bright nighttime object. B) astrological sign. C) wanderer. D) nontwinkling star. 2. The planets that were known before the telescope

More information

Early Theories. Early astronomers believed that the sun, planets and stars orbited Earth (geocentric model) Developed by Aristotle

Early Theories. Early astronomers believed that the sun, planets and stars orbited Earth (geocentric model) Developed by Aristotle Planetary Motion Early Theories Early astronomers believed that the sun, planets and stars orbited Earth (geocentric model) Developed by Aristotle Stars appear to move around Earth Observations showed

More information

9/12/2010. The Four Fundamental Forces of Nature. 1. Gravity 2. Electromagnetism 3. The Strong Nuclear Force 4. The Weak Nuclear Force

9/12/2010. The Four Fundamental Forces of Nature. 1. Gravity 2. Electromagnetism 3. The Strong Nuclear Force 4. The Weak Nuclear Force The Four Fundamental Forces of Nature 1. Gravity 2. Electromagnetism 3. The Strong Nuclear Force 4. The Weak Nuclear Force The Universe is made of matter Gravity the force of attraction between matter

More information

Lecture #5: Plan. The Beginnings of Modern Astronomy Kepler s Laws Galileo

Lecture #5: Plan. The Beginnings of Modern Astronomy Kepler s Laws Galileo Lecture #5: Plan The Beginnings of Modern Astronomy Kepler s Laws Galileo Geocentric ( Ptolemaic ) Model Retrograde Motion: Apparent backward (= East-to-West) motion of a planet with respect to stars Ptolemy

More information

Ch. 22 Origin of Modern Astronomy Pretest

Ch. 22 Origin of Modern Astronomy Pretest Ch. 22 Origin of Modern Astronomy Pretest Ch. 22 Origin of Modern Astronomy Pretest 1. True or False: Early Greek astronomers (600 B.C. A.D. 150) used telescopes to observe the stars. Ch. 22 Origin of

More information

Claudius Ptolemaeus Second Century AD. Jan 5 7:37 AM

Claudius Ptolemaeus Second Century AD. Jan 5 7:37 AM Claudius Ptolemaeus Second Century AD Jan 5 7:37 AM Copernicus: The Foundation Nicholas Copernicus (Polish, 1473 1543): Proposed the first modern heliocentric model, motivated by inaccuracies of the Ptolemaic

More information

Chapter 02 The Rise of Astronomy

Chapter 02 The Rise of Astronomy Chapter 02 The Rise of Astronomy Multiple Choice Questions 1. The moon appears larger when it rises than when it is high in the sky because A. You are closer to it when it rises (angular-size relation).

More information

Earth Science, 13e Tarbuck & Lutgens

Earth Science, 13e Tarbuck & Lutgens Earth Science, 13e Tarbuck & Lutgens Origins of Modern Astronomy Earth Science, 13e Chapter 21 Stanley C. Hatfield Southwestern Illinois College Early history of astronomy Ancient Greeks Used philosophical

More information

Chapter 1 The Copernican Revolution

Chapter 1 The Copernican Revolution Chapter 1 The Copernican Revolution The Horse Head nebula in the Orion constellation (Reading assignment: Chapter 1) Learning Outcomes How the geocentric model accounts for the retrograde motion of planets?

More information

Kepler, Newton, and laws of motion

Kepler, Newton, and laws of motion Kepler, Newton, and laws of motion First: A Little History Geocentric vs. heliocentric model for solar system (sec. 2.2-2.4)! The only history in this course is this progression: Aristotle (~350 BC) Ptolemy

More information

Today. Planetary Motion. Tycho Brahe s Observations. Kepler s Laws Laws of Motion. Laws of Motion

Today. Planetary Motion. Tycho Brahe s Observations. Kepler s Laws Laws of Motion. Laws of Motion Today Planetary Motion Tycho Brahe s Observations Kepler s Laws Laws of Motion Laws of Motion In 1633 the Catholic Church ordered Galileo to recant his claim that Earth orbits the Sun. His book on the

More information

History of Astronomy. PHYS 1411 Introduction to Astronomy. Tycho Brahe and Exploding Stars. Tycho Brahe ( ) Chapter 4. Renaissance Period

History of Astronomy. PHYS 1411 Introduction to Astronomy. Tycho Brahe and Exploding Stars. Tycho Brahe ( ) Chapter 4. Renaissance Period PHYS 1411 Introduction to Astronomy History of Astronomy Chapter 4 Renaissance Period Copernicus new (and correct) explanation for retrograde motion of the planets Copernicus new (and correct) explanation

More information

D. A system of assumptions and principles applicable to a wide range of phenomena that has been repeatedly verified

D. A system of assumptions and principles applicable to a wide range of phenomena that has been repeatedly verified ASTRONOMY 1 EXAM 1 Name Identify Terms - Matching (20 @ 1 point each = 20 pts.) 1 Solar System G 7. aphelion N 14. eccentricity M 2. Planet E 8. apparent visual magnitude R 15. empirical Q 3. Star P 9.

More information

January 19, notes.notebook. Claudius Ptolemaeus Second Century AD. Jan 5 7:37 AM

January 19, notes.notebook. Claudius Ptolemaeus Second Century AD. Jan 5 7:37 AM 8.1 notes.notebook Claudius Ptolemaeus Second Century AD Jan 5 7:7 AM Copernicus: The Foundation Nicholas Copernicus (Polish, 147 154): Proposed the first modern heliocentric model, motivated by inaccuracies

More information

Observational Astronomy - Lecture 4 Orbits, Motions, Kepler s and Newton s Laws

Observational Astronomy - Lecture 4 Orbits, Motions, Kepler s and Newton s Laws Observational Astronomy - Lecture 4 Orbits, Motions, Kepler s and Newton s Laws Craig Lage New York University - Department of Physics craig.lage@nyu.edu February 24, 2014 1 / 21 Tycho Brahe s Equatorial

More information

The following notes roughly correspond to Section 2.4 and Chapter 3 of the text by Bennett. This note focuses on the details of the transition for a

The following notes roughly correspond to Section 2.4 and Chapter 3 of the text by Bennett. This note focuses on the details of the transition for a The following notes roughly correspond to Section 2.4 and Chapter 3 of the text by Bennett. This note focuses on the details of the transition for a geocentric model for understanding the universe to a

More information

Gravity. Newton s Law of Gravitation Kepler s Laws of Planetary Motion Gravitational Fields

Gravity. Newton s Law of Gravitation Kepler s Laws of Planetary Motion Gravitational Fields Gravity Newton s Law of Gravitation Kepler s Laws of Planetary Motion Gravitational Fields Simulation Synchronous Rotation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozib_l eg75q Sun-Earth-Moon System https://vimeo.com/16015937

More information

Test Bank for Life in the Universe, Third Edition Chapter 2: The Science of Life in the Universe

Test Bank for Life in the Universe, Third Edition Chapter 2: The Science of Life in the Universe 1. The possibility of extraterrestrial life was first considered A) after the invention of the telescope B) only during the past few decades C) many thousands of years ago during ancient times D) at the

More information

Astronomy 1143 Quiz 1 Review

Astronomy 1143 Quiz 1 Review Astronomy 1143 Quiz 1 Review Prof. Pradhan September 7, 2017 I What is Science? 1. Explain the difference between astronomy and astrology. Astrology: nonscience using zodiac sign to predict the future/personality

More information

Lecture 13. Gravity in the Solar System

Lecture 13. Gravity in the Solar System Lecture 13 Gravity in the Solar System Guiding Questions 1. How was the heliocentric model established? What are monumental steps in the history of the heliocentric model? 2. How do Kepler s three laws

More information

Planetary Orbits: Kepler s Laws 1/18/07

Planetary Orbits: Kepler s Laws 1/18/07 Planetary Orbits: Kepler s Laws Announcements The correct link for the course webpage http://www.lpl.arizona.edu/undergrad/classes/spring2007/giacalone_206-2 The first homework due Jan 25 (available for

More information

Eclipses and Forces. Jan 21, ) Review 2) Eclipses 3) Kepler s Laws 4) Newton s Laws

Eclipses and Forces. Jan 21, ) Review 2) Eclipses 3) Kepler s Laws 4) Newton s Laws Eclipses and Forces Jan 21, 2004 1) Review 2) Eclipses 3) Kepler s Laws 4) Newton s Laws Review Lots of motion The Moon revolves around the Earth Eclipses Solar Lunar the Sun, Earth and Moon must all be

More information

Today. Planetary Motion. Tycho Brahe s Observations. Kepler s Laws of Planetary Motion. Laws of Motion. in physics

Today. Planetary Motion. Tycho Brahe s Observations. Kepler s Laws of Planetary Motion. Laws of Motion. in physics Planetary Motion Today Tycho Brahe s Observations Kepler s Laws of Planetary Motion Laws of Motion in physics Page from 1640 text in the KSL rare book collection That the Earth may be a Planet the seeming

More information

THE SUN AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM

THE SUN AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM Chapter 26 THE SUN AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM CHAPTER 26 SECTION 26.1: THE SUN S SIZE, HEAT, AND STRUCTURE Objectives: What is the Sun s structure and source of energy? Key Vocabulary: Fusion Photosphere Corona

More information

Physics Unit 7: Circular Motion, Universal Gravitation, and Satellite Orbits. Planetary Motion

Physics Unit 7: Circular Motion, Universal Gravitation, and Satellite Orbits. Planetary Motion Physics Unit 7: Circular Motion, Universal Gravitation, and Satellite Orbits Planetary Motion Geocentric Models --Many people prior to the 1500 s viewed the! Earth and the solar system using a! geocentric

More information

PHYS 160 Astronomy Test #1 Fall 2017 Version B

PHYS 160 Astronomy Test #1 Fall 2017 Version B PHYS 160 Astronomy Test #1 Fall 2017 Version B 1 I. True/False (1 point each) Circle the T if the statement is true, or F if the statement is false on your answer sheet. 1. An object has the same weight,

More information

ASTR-1010: Astronomy I Course Notes Section III

ASTR-1010: Astronomy I Course Notes Section III ASTR-1010: Astronomy I Course Notes Section III Dr. Donald G. Luttermoser Department of Physics and Astronomy East Tennessee State University Edition 2.0 Abstract These class notes are designed for use

More information

The Heliocentric Model of Copernicus

The Heliocentric Model of Copernicus Celestial Mechanics The Heliocentric Model of Copernicus Sun at the center and planets (including Earth) orbiting along circles. inferior planets - planets closer to Sun than Earth - Mercury, Venus superior

More information

Occam s Razor: William of Occam, 1340(!)

Occam s Razor: William of Occam, 1340(!) Reading: OpenStax, Chapter 2, Section 2.2 &2.4, Chapter 3, Sections 3.1-3.3 Chapter 5, Section 5.1 Last time: Scales of the Universe Astro 150 Spring 2018: Lecture 2 page 1 The size of our solar system,

More information

Chapter 4. The Origin Of Modern Astronomy. Is okay to change your phone? From ios to Android From Android to ios

Chapter 4. The Origin Of Modern Astronomy. Is okay to change your phone? From ios to Android From Android to ios Chapter 4 The Origin Of Modern Astronomy Slide 14 Slide 15 14 15 Is Change Good or Bad? Do you like Homer to look like Homer or with hair? Does it bother you when your schedule is changed? Is it okay to

More information

Planetary Mechanics:

Planetary Mechanics: Planetary Mechanics: Satellites A satellite is an object or a body that revolves around another body due to the gravitational attraction to the greater mass. Ex: The planets are natural satellites of the

More information

In so many and such important. ways, then, do the planets bear witness to the earth's mobility. Nicholas Copernicus

In so many and such important. ways, then, do the planets bear witness to the earth's mobility. Nicholas Copernicus In so many and such important ways, then, do the planets bear witness to the earth's mobility Nicholas Copernicus What We Will Learn Today What did it take to revise an age old belief? What is the Copernican

More information

If Earth had no tilt, what else would happen?

If Earth had no tilt, what else would happen? A more in depth explanation from last week: If Earth had no tilt, what else would happen? The equator would be much hotter due to the direct sunlight which would lead to a lower survival rate and little

More information

2.4 The Birth of Modern Astronomy

2.4 The Birth of Modern Astronomy 2.4 The Birth of Modern Astronomy Telescope invented around 1600 Galileo built his own, made observations: Moon has mountains and valleys Sun has sunspots, and rotates Jupiter has moons (shown): Venus

More information

Earth Science, 11e. Origin of Modern Astronomy Chapter 21. Early history of astronomy. Early history of astronomy. Early history of astronomy

Earth Science, 11e. Origin of Modern Astronomy Chapter 21. Early history of astronomy. Early history of astronomy. Early history of astronomy 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall Lecture Outlines PowerPoint Chapter 21 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors

More information

Copernican Revolution. ~1500 to ~1700

Copernican Revolution. ~1500 to ~1700 ~1500 to ~1700 Copernicus (~1500) Brahe (~1570) Kepler (~1600) Galileo (~1600) Newton (~1670) The Issue: Geocentric or Heliocentric Which model explains observations the best? Copernicus (~1500) Resurrected

More information

Lecture 4: Kepler and Galileo. Astronomy 111 Wednesday September 6, 2017

Lecture 4: Kepler and Galileo. Astronomy 111 Wednesday September 6, 2017 Lecture 4: Kepler and Galileo Astronomy 111 Wednesday September 6, 2017 Reminders Online homework #2 due Monday at 3pm Johannes Kepler (1571-1630): German Was Tycho s assistant Used Tycho s data to discover

More information

Johannes Kepler ( ) German Mathematician and Astronomer Passionately convinced of the rightness of the Copernican view. Set out to prove it!

Johannes Kepler ( ) German Mathematician and Astronomer Passionately convinced of the rightness of the Copernican view. Set out to prove it! Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) German Mathematician and Astronomer Passionately convinced of the rightness of the Copernican view. Set out to prove it! Kepler s Life Work Kepler sought a unifying principle

More information

You should have finished reading Chapter 3, and started on chapter 4 for next week.

You should have finished reading Chapter 3, and started on chapter 4 for next week. Announcements Homework due on Sunday at 11:45pm. Thank your classmate! You should have finished reading Chapter 3, and started on chapter 4 for next week. Don t forget your out of class planetarium show

More information

Chapter 2. The Rise of Astronomy. Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Chapter 2. The Rise of Astronomy. Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 2 The Rise of Astronomy Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Periods of Western Astronomy Western astronomy divides into 4 periods Prehistoric

More information

Astronomy- The Original Science

Astronomy- The Original Science Astronomy- The Original Science Imagine that it is 5,000 years ago. Clocks and modern calendars have not been invented. How would you tell time or know what day it is? One way to tell the time is to study

More information

Chapter 2 The Science of Life in the Universe

Chapter 2 The Science of Life in the Universe In ancient times phenomena in the sky were not understood! Chapter 2 The Science of Life in the Universe The Ancient Greeks The Scientific Method Our ideas must always be consistent with our observations!

More information

Basics of Kepler and Newton. Orbits of the planets, moons,

Basics of Kepler and Newton. Orbits of the planets, moons, Basics of Kepler and Newton Orbits of the planets, moons, Kepler s Laws, as derived by Newton. Kepler s Laws Universal Law of Gravity Three Laws of Motion Deriving Kepler s Laws Recall: The Copernican

More information

Early Models of the Universe. How we explained those big shiny lights in the sky

Early Models of the Universe. How we explained those big shiny lights in the sky Early Models of the Universe How we explained those big shiny lights in the sky The Greek philosopher Aristotle (384 322 BCE) believed that the Earth was the center of our universe, and everything rotated

More information

The History of Astronomy

The History of Astronomy The History of Astronomy The History of Astronomy Earliest astronomical record: a lunar calendar etched on bone from 6500 B.C. Uganda. Also we find early groups noted the Sun, Moon, Mercury, Venus, Earth,

More information

Space Notes Covers Objectives 1 & 2

Space Notes Covers Objectives 1 & 2 Space Notes Covers Objectives 1 & 2 Space Introduction Space Introduction Video Celestial Bodies Refers to a natural object out in space 1) Stars 2) Comets 3) Moons 4) Planets 5) Asteroids Constellations

More information

Astronomy A BEGINNER S GUIDE TO THE UNIVERSE EIGHTH EDITION

Astronomy A BEGINNER S GUIDE TO THE UNIVERSE EIGHTH EDITION Astronomy A BEGINNER S GUIDE TO THE UNIVERSE EIGHTH EDITION CHAPTER 1 The Copernican Revolution Lecture Presentation 1.0 Have you ever wondered about? Where are the stars during the day? What is the near

More information

How big is the Universe and where are we in it?

How big is the Universe and where are we in it? Announcements Results of clicker questions from Monday are on ICON. First homework is graded on ICON. Next homework due one minute before midnight on Tuesday, September 6. Labs start this week. All lab

More information

Physics 107 Ideas of Modern Physics (uw.physics.wisc.edu/~rzchowski/phy107) Goals of the course. What will we cover? How do we do this?

Physics 107 Ideas of Modern Physics (uw.physics.wisc.edu/~rzchowski/phy107) Goals of the course. What will we cover? How do we do this? Physics 107 Ideas of Modern Physics (uw.physics.wisc.edu/~rzchowski/phy107) Main emphasis is Modern Physics: essentially post-1900 Why 1900? Two radical developments: Relativity & Quantum Mechanics Both

More information

History of Astronomy. Historical People and Theories

History of Astronomy. Historical People and Theories History of Astronomy Historical People and Theories Plato Believed he could solve everything through reasoning. Circles and Spheres are good because they are perfect (never ending) and pleasing to the

More information

Practice Test DeAnza College Astronomy 04 Test 1 Spring Quarter 2009

Practice Test DeAnza College Astronomy 04 Test 1 Spring Quarter 2009 Practice Test DeAnza College Astronomy 04 Test 1 Spring Quarter 2009 Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Mark answer on Scantron.

More information

Chapter. Origin of Modern Astronomy

Chapter. Origin of Modern Astronomy Chapter Origin of Modern Astronomy 22.1 Early Astronomy Ancient Greeks Astronomy is the science that studies the universe. It includes the observation and interpretation of celestial bodies and phenomena.

More information

The History of Astronomy. Please pick up your assigned transmitter.

The History of Astronomy. Please pick up your assigned transmitter. The History of Astronomy Please pick up your assigned transmitter. When did mankind first become interested in the science of astronomy? 1. With the advent of modern computer technology (mid-20 th century)

More information

Origins of the Universe

Origins of the Universe Cosmology Origins of the Universe The study of the universe, its current nature, its origin, and evolution 1 2 The Theory Theory Expansion indicates a denser, hotter past uniform, hot gas that cools as

More information

PHYSICS. Chapter 13 Lecture FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS A STRATEGIC APPROACH 4/E RANDALL D. KNIGHT Pearson Education, Inc.

PHYSICS. Chapter 13 Lecture FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS A STRATEGIC APPROACH 4/E RANDALL D. KNIGHT Pearson Education, Inc. PHYSICS FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS A STRATEGIC APPROACH 4/E Chapter 13 Lecture RANDALL D. KNIGHT Chapter 13 Newton s Theory of Gravity IN THIS CHAPTER, you will learn to understand the motion of satellites

More information

Unit 2: Celestial Mechanics

Unit 2: Celestial Mechanics Unit 2: Celestial Mechanics The position of the Earth Ptolemy (90 168 AD) Made tables that allowed a user to locate the position of a planet at any past, present, or future date. In order to maintain circular

More information

1. The Moon appears larger when it rises than when it is high in the sky because

1. The Moon appears larger when it rises than when it is high in the sky because 2-1 Copyright 2016 All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of 1. The Moon appears larger when it rises than when it is high in the sky because A. you are

More information

EXAM #2. ANSWERS ASTR , Spring 2008

EXAM #2. ANSWERS ASTR , Spring 2008 EXAM #2. ANSWERS ASTR 1101-001, Spring 2008 1. In Copernicus s heliocentric model of the universe, which of the following astronomical objects was placed in an orbit around the Earth? The Moon 2. In his

More information

Astro 210 Lecture 6 Jan 29, 2018

Astro 210 Lecture 6 Jan 29, 2018 Astro 210 Lecture 6 Jan 29, 2018 Announcements HW2 due online in PDF, Friday 5:00 pm HW1 extended until 11:59pm today register your iclicker; link on course webpage first Planetarium shows Mon Feb 5 and

More information

Exam #1 Study Guide (Note this is not all the information you need to know for the test, these are just SOME of the main points)

Exam #1 Study Guide (Note this is not all the information you need to know for the test, these are just SOME of the main points) Exam #1 Study Guide (Note this is not all the information you need to know for the test, these are just SOME of the main points) Moon Phases Moon is always ½ illuminated by the Sun, and the sunlit side

More information

Pull out a ½ sheet or use the back of your old quiz

Pull out a ½ sheet or use the back of your old quiz Pull out a ½ sheet or use the back of your old quiz Weekly Schedule Today Hw # 2 due Quiz # 2 Geocentric vs. Heliocentric models Kepler s Laws Astronomy InteracGves Newton and Gravity Lecture tutorials

More information

Module 3: Astronomy The Universe Topic 6 Content: The Age of Astronomy Presentation Notes

Module 3: Astronomy The Universe Topic 6 Content: The Age of Astronomy Presentation Notes Module 3: Astronomy The Universe The Age of Astronomy was marked by the struggle to understand the placement of Earth in the universe and the effort to understand planetary motion. Behind this struggle

More information

Physics 107 Ideas of Modern Physics. Goals of the course. How is this done? What will we cover? Where s the math?

Physics 107 Ideas of Modern Physics. Goals of the course. How is this done? What will we cover? Where s the math? Physics 107 Ideas of Modern Physics (uw.physics.wisc.edu/~rzchowski/phy107) Modern Physics: essentially post-1900 Why 1900? Two radical developments: Relativity & Quantum Mechanics Both changed the way

More information

Gravity and the Orbits of Planets

Gravity and the Orbits of Planets Gravity and the Orbits of Planets 1. Gravity Galileo Newton Earth s Gravity Mass v. Weight Einstein and General Relativity Round and irregular shaped objects 2. Orbits and Kepler s Laws ESO Galileo, Gravity,

More information

Phys Homework Set 2 Fall 2015 Exam Name

Phys Homework Set 2 Fall 2015 Exam Name Exam Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) About how many stars are visible on a clear, dark night with the naked eye alone? 1)

More information

Phys Homework Set 2 Fall 2015 Exam Name

Phys Homework Set 2 Fall 2015 Exam Name Exam Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Increasing the temperature of a blackbody by a factor of 2 will increase its energy by

More information

BROCK UNIVERSITY. 1. About 2300 years ago, Aristotle argued that the Earth is spherical based on a number of observations, one of which was that

BROCK UNIVERSITY. 1. About 2300 years ago, Aristotle argued that the Earth is spherical based on a number of observations, one of which was that BROCK UNIVERSITY Page 1 of 10 Test 2: November 2015 Number of pages: 10 Course: ASTR 1P01, Section 2 Number of students: 861 Examination date: 7 November 2015 Time limit: 50 min Time of Examination: 13:00

More information

Astronomy 100 Section 2 MWF Greg Hall. Outline. Total Lunar Eclipse Time Lapse. Homework #1 is due Friday, 11:50 a.m.!!!!!

Astronomy 100 Section 2 MWF Greg Hall. Outline. Total Lunar Eclipse Time Lapse. Homework #1 is due Friday, 11:50 a.m.!!!!! Astronomy 100 Section 2 MWF 1200-1300 100 Greg Hall Leslie Looney Phone: 217-244-3615 Email: lwl @ uiuc. edu Office: Astro Building #218 Office Hours: MTF 10:30-11:30 a.m. or by appointment Homework #1

More information

Ancient Cosmology: A Flat Earth. Alexandria

Ancient Cosmology: A Flat Earth. Alexandria Today Competing Cosmologies Geocentric vs. Heliocentric Ptolemy vs. copernicus Retrograde Motion Phases of Venus Galileo FIRST HOMEWORK DUE How d it work? Ancient Cosmology: A Flat Earth Here there be

More information

Monday, October 3, 2011

Monday, October 3, 2011 We do not ask for what useful purpose the birds do sing, for song is their pleasure since they were created for singing. Similarly, we ought not ask why the human mind troubles to fathom the secrets of

More information

BROCK UNIVERSITY. 1. The observation that the intervals of time between two successive quarter phases of the Moon are very nearly equal implies that

BROCK UNIVERSITY. 1. The observation that the intervals of time between two successive quarter phases of the Moon are very nearly equal implies that BROCK UNIVERSITY Page 1 of 10 Test 1: November 2014 Number of pages: 10 Course: ASTR 1P01, Section 2 Number of students: 961 Examination date: 7 November 2014 Time limit: 50 min Time of Examination: 17:00

More information

Ast ch 4-5 practice Test Multiple Choice

Ast ch 4-5 practice Test Multiple Choice Ast ch 4-5 practice Test Multiple Choice 1. The distance from Alexandria to Syene is about 500 miles. On the summer solstice the sun is directly overhead at noon in Syene. At Alexandria on the summer solstice,

More information

ASTR 1010 Spring 2016 Study Notes Dr. Magnani

ASTR 1010 Spring 2016 Study Notes Dr. Magnani The Copernican Revolution ASTR 1010 Spring 2016 Study Notes Dr. Magnani The Copernican Revolution is basically how the West intellectually transitioned from the Ptolemaic geocentric model of the Universe

More information

Homework Assignment #9: Apparent Motions of the Heavens Due to Actual Motions of Earth

Homework Assignment #9: Apparent Motions of the Heavens Due to Actual Motions of Earth Name Homework Assignment #9: Apparent Motions of the Heavens Due to Actual Motions of Earth 2002 Ann Bykerk-Kauffman, Dept. of Geological and Environmental Sciences, California State University, Chico

More information

What was once so mysterious about planetary motion in our sky? We see apparent retrograde motion when we pass by a planet

What was once so mysterious about planetary motion in our sky? We see apparent retrograde motion when we pass by a planet What was once so mysterious about planetary motion in our sky? Planets usually move slightly eastward from night to night relative to the stars. You cannot see this motion on a single night. But sometimes

More information

Astronomy 1 Fall 2016

Astronomy 1 Fall 2016 Astronomy 1 Fall 2016 Comet Halley Edmund Halley, a friend of Newton s used Newton s math to predict the return of a comet seen at intervals of 76 years. Lecture 3; September 29, 2016 Previously on Astro-1

More information

Kepler s Laws of Orbital Motion. Lecture 5 January 30, 2014

Kepler s Laws of Orbital Motion. Lecture 5 January 30, 2014 Kepler s Laws of Orbital Motion Lecture 5 January 30, 2014 Parallax If distance is measured in parsecs then d = 1 PA Where PA is the parallax angle, in arcsec NOTE: The distance from the Sun to the Earth

More information

[05] Historical Perspectives (9/12/17)

[05] Historical Perspectives (9/12/17) 1 [05] Historical Perspectives (9/12/17) Upcoming Items 1. Homework #2 due now. 2. Read Ch. 4.1 4.2 and do self-study quizzes. 3. Homework #3 due in one week. Ptolemaic system http://static.newworldencyclopedia.org/thumb/3/3a/

More information

Kepler s Laws Simulations

Kepler s Laws Simulations Kepler s Laws Simulations Goto: http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/guidry/java/kepler/kepler.html 1. Observe the speed of the planet as it orbits around the Sun. Change the speed to.50 and answer the questions.

More information

Evidence that the Earth does not move: Greek Astronomy. Aristotelian Cosmology: Motions of the Planets. Ptolemy s Geocentric Model 2-1

Evidence that the Earth does not move: Greek Astronomy. Aristotelian Cosmology: Motions of the Planets. Ptolemy s Geocentric Model 2-1 Greek Astronomy Aristotelian Cosmology: Evidence that the Earth does not move: 1. Stars do not exhibit parallax: 2-1 At the center of the universe is the Earth: Changeable and imperfect. Above the Earth

More information

Astronomy 1010 Planetary Astronomy Sample Questions for Exam 1

Astronomy 1010 Planetary Astronomy Sample Questions for Exam 1 Astronomy 1010 Planetary Astronomy Sample Questions for Exam 1 Chapter 1 1. A scientific hypothesis is a) a wild, baseless guess about how something works. b) a collection of ideas that seems to explain

More information

Chapter 16 The Solar System

Chapter 16 The Solar System Chapter 16 The Solar System Finding the Standard Time and Date at Another Location Example When it is 12 noon in London, what is the standard time in Denver, Colorado (40 N, 105 W)? Section 15.3 Finding

More information

The History of Astronomy. Theories, People, and Discoveries of the Past

The History of Astronomy. Theories, People, and Discoveries of the Past The History of Astronomy Theories, People, and Discoveries of the Past Early man recorded very little history. Left some clues in the form of petrographs. Stone drawings that show eclipses, comets, supernovae.

More information

Section 3- The history and future of space exploration

Section 3- The history and future of space exploration Unit 1: Space Section 3- The history and future of space exploration Ancient Astronomer Speed Dating Remember: Speak to your partner, don t copy notes Keep points brief, don t write paragraphs Stick to

More information

4. Gravitation & Planetary Motion. Mars Motion: 2005 to 2006

4. Gravitation & Planetary Motion. Mars Motion: 2005 to 2006 4. Gravitation & Planetary Motion Geocentric models of ancient times Heliocentric model of Copernicus Telescopic observations of Galileo Galilei Systematic observations of Tycho Brahe Three planetary laws

More information

N = R * f p n e f l f i f c L

N = R * f p n e f l f i f c L Astronomy 230 Section 1 MWF 1400-1450 106 B6 Eng Hall This Class (Lecture 20): Evolution of the Worldview Next Class: Lifetime Presentations MWF: Arthur Jones Mark Piergies Matt Clarkin Gergana Slavova

More information

2. See FIGURE B. In the Renaissance times, he proposed this model of the solar system (name this person).

2. See FIGURE B. In the Renaissance times, he proposed this model of the solar system (name this person). ASTRONOMY 5 MIDTERM EXAM PART I SPRING 2019 60 QUESTIONS 50 POINTS: Part I of the midterm constitutes the Take-Home part of the entire Midterm Exam. Additionally, this Take-Home part is divided into two

More information