Swift Follow-up Observations of Gravitational-wave Events

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1 Follow-up Observations of Gravitational-wave Events T. Sakamoto (AGU)

2 The Neil Gehrels Observatory The Gamma-Ray Burst Explorer has officially been renamed the Neil Gehrels Observatory Neil Gehrels ( ) 18/03/06 Brad Cenko: PI The first GW Genesis Symposium 2

3 : Scientific Instruments UVOT BAT 18/03/06 XRT Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) kev 2 sr FOV Coded mask + CdZnTe detectors ~100 GRBs/yr X-Ray Telescope (XRT) kev 23.8 arcmin diameter FOV few arcsec positions CCD spectroscopy UV/Optical Telescope (UVOT) nm 17 arcmin width square FOV <1 arcsec positions 6 UV/optical broad-band filters 22nd mag sensitivity (filtered) The first GW Genesis Symposium 3

4 Abbott et al GW Gravitational-wave event from BNS merger! 18/03/06 The first GW Genesis Symposium 4

5 GW : BAT Observation 1.6 s light curves (Evans et al. 2017) kev Earth BAT FoV kev kev kev kev GW - Nothing in the BAT light curve at T0(GW) - GW error region was occulted by the Earth /03/06 The first GW Genesis Symposium Time since the GW trigger [s] 5

6 Association of GW and GRB A? GW /GRB A (Abbott et al. 2017) GRB A (Goldstein et al. 2017) IPN (Fermi-GBM/INTEGRAL) Earth LIGO/Virgo Fermi-GBM T90 = s Probability of S-GRB class: 72% 18/03/06 The first GW Genesis Symposium 6

7 GRB ms Light curve of INTEGRAL/SPI-ACS and Fermi/GBM SPI-ACS (>100 kev) NaI 1 ( kev) Counts/50 ms NaI 2 ( kev) NaI 5 ( kev) Time since the GW trigger [s] 18/03/06 The first GW Genesis Symposium 7

8 Insight-HXMT: GRB Observation (Li et al. 2017) θ = 47.3 deg. No detection - Consistent that GRB is very weak and soft (3-sigma UL kev : 2 x 10-6 erg/cm2/s) Konus-Wind: No detection 90% UL: 3 x 10-7 erg/cm2/s (~3 s) (Svinkin et al. GCN circ ) 18/03/06 The first GW Genesis Symposium 8

9 Follow-up Observations (Evans et al. 2017) 1. T 0 +1 hr: 37 tiling at the center of the Fermi-GBM position 2. T hr: (LIGO single sky map + GWGC) & Fermi-GBM location 3. T hr: LIGO three detector sky map + GWGC 4. T hr: Follow-up on EM UVOT detections in all filters, but no XRT detection 18/03/06 The first GW Genesis Symposium 9

10 UVOT works! (Evans et al. 2017) SSS17a NGC 4993 Rapidly fading UV emissions were detected by UVOT Clear detection of kilonova in UV 18/03/06 The first GW Genesis Symposium 10

11 Chandra detection of X-rays from EM (Troja et al. 2017) Hubble (T0+1 day) Chandra (T0+9 days) NGC 4993 NGC 4993 T0:2.2 d: Non detection T0+9 d : 12 photons : ( ) x erg/cm2/s T0+15 d: 17 photons : ( ) x erg/cm2/s Slowly rising: t0.5 18/03/06 The first GW Genesis Symposium 11

12 Off-axis GRB Afterglow? (Troja et al. 2017) Jet opening angle: θ j = 15 deg Viewing angle: θ v = 28 deg Consistent with late-time rise in both X-ray and radio Standard uniform jet: Prompt GRB emission should be fainter than GRB A Gaussian jet: Consistent with the data 18/03/06 The first GW Genesis Symposium 12

13 /XRT Follow-up Observations of SSS17a 2017/8/ /9/1 2017/9/ /12/1 2018/1/4 Total exposure: 305 ks Chandra /XRT SSS17a SSS17a NGC /03/06 The first GW Genesis Symposium 13

14 Chandra Further Observations (Only archived data) 2017/8/26 10:33: /8/27 01:17:39 (49.4 ks) 2017/09/01 15:22: /09/02 04:53:25 (46.7 ks) 2017/12/03 01:39: /12/03 23:07:27 (74.0 ks) 2017/12/06 10:44: /12/06 18:13:27 (24.7 ks) 2018/01/17 21:28: /01/18 07:04:56 (31.7 ks) 2018/01/21 13:29: /01/21 18:27:05 (15.9 ks) 2018/01/23 07:47: /01/23 14:06:27 (20.8 ks) 2018/01/24 08:02: /01/24 14:46:23 (22.2 ks) 2018/01/28 04:14: /01/28 08:46:45 (14.2 ks) 18/03/06 The first GW Genesis Symposium 14

15 SSS17a: Chandra X-ray Light curve RATE (0.3-8 kev) [c/s] Time since GW trigger [s] 18/03/06 The first GW Genesis Symposium 15

16 SSS17a: Chandra X-ray Light curve RATE (0.3-8 kev) [c/s] Gaussian-jet (Troja et al. 2018) Time since GW trigger [s] 18/03/06 The first GW Genesis Symposium 16

17 Summary n observation of GW BAT: Occulted by the earth at T 0 (GW) XRT: None detection of X-ray emission (Hint of an off-axis GRB) UVOT: Detection of kilonova emission n EM counterpart search of GW events by BAT: Association of prompt s-grbs XRT: Association of X-ray afterglow UVOT: Association of kilonova emission 18/03/06 The first GW Genesis Symposium 17

18 Gamma-ray Bursts in the Gravitational Wave Era 2019 Targeting date: October - November 2019 Candidate place: Yokohama, Kanagawa Funding support by Yamada Science Foundation L. Amati, J.-L. Atteia, B. Cenko, V. Connaughton, J. Greiner, P. Meszaros, P. O Brien, T. Piran, J. Racusin, L. Singer, N. Tanvir, E. Troja, W. Xiang-Yu, B. Zhang, K. Asano, K. Ioka, N. Kanda, N. Kawai, K. Toma, Y. Fukazawa, K. Murase, R. Yamazaki, M. Yoshida, D. Yonetoku LOC: T. Sakamoto, M. Serino, S. Kisaka Red Brick Warehouse 18/03/06 The first GW Genesis Symposium 18

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