Scientific Revolution

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1 Indiana World History Standards Today s Objectives Scientific Revolution SS.WH Describe the rise, achievements, decline and demise of the Byzantine Empire; the relationships of Byzantine and Western Civilizations; the conquest of Constantinople by the Turks in 1453; and the impact on European peoples living in the Turkish (Ottoman) Empire. SS.WH Trace the origins and developments of the Northern Renaissance and the Italian Renaissance. Explain Renaissance diffusion throughout Western Europe and its impact on peoples and places associated with western civilization. SS.WH Describe the main themes and achievements of the Protestant Reformation, including its impact on science, technology and the arts. SS.WH Analyze the factors that led to the rise and spread of the Protestant Reformation as well as the reaction of the Catholic Church. Discuss the consequences of these actions on the development of western civilization. SS.WH Explain the causes, events and consequences of wars associated with the Protestant Reformation, which culminated with the Thirty Years War, 1618 to SS.WH Examine how the Scientific Revolution, as well as technological changes and new forms of energy, brought about massive social, economic, and cultural change. - To understand the ways that the physical world was viewed before & after the Scientific Revolution - To understand the individual achievements made during the Scientific Revolution 5

2 Changing View of Science Before 1500, the workings of the physical world were often explained by: ancient authorities religious teachings mythology and legend After 1500, people were seeking new ways to learn about the physical world: observations & experimentation (scientific method) reason mathematics Church had supported science as long as it confirmed doctrine

3 Geocentric Theory Fundamental principle of the physical world was the position of the Earth in the heavens since ancient times, the Geocentric Theory of Aristotle & Ptolemy had been universally accepted by all The Geocentric Theory placed the Earth and mankind at the center of the universe and everything revolved around it Church supported this model

4 Nikolas Copernicus In 1514, Copernicus challenged the Geocentric Theory in his book, On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres he proposed the Heliocentric Theory - created a model of the universe that put the sun at the center Immediately challenged by church, but avoided punishment with his death Copernicus

5 Galileo Galilei In 1609, Galileo uses an improved version of the telescope to look further into the universe than anyone before him observed the moons of Jupiter & rings of Saturn Medici: Galileo These discoveries disproved the Geocentric Theory by showing that all heavenly bodies don t revolve around the Earth In 1633, under the threat of torture by an Inquisition court he recants his discoveries Galileo and yet, it still moves

6 Issac Newton Brings together the works of Copernicus, Galileo and others to propose a new theory about the physical workings of the universe The Universal Law of Motion provides a rational, mathematical explanation of the physical laws of nature Reason will replace faith as the fundamental basis for the workings of the universe (Newtonian World)

7 Essential Question Explain the theory of Copernicus and why it was opposed by the church? Target Questions How was the scientific world changing? Why did the church support the Geocentric Theory? Why did Copernicus fear punishment from the church? What did Galileo mean when he said, and yet, it still moves? What was the Newtonian World? Required Reading Question(s) 1) Why was Copernicus s theory seen as radical?

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