High Science Earth Science Pretest: Data Analysis & Interpretation

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1 High Science Earth Science Pretest: Data Analysis & Interpretation Answer the set of questions that follows each table or figure. Figure 1: Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram 1. Considering Figure 1, which of the following information is present in the H-R diagram? A. The colors of stars. B. The temperature of stars. C. The brightness of stars. D. All of the above. E. None of the above.

2 Figure 1: Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram 2. What star has the size 10-2 solar radii? A. Procyon B B. Spica C. Vega D. Sun E. Pollux 3. Looking just at the the Main Sequence, which statement best describes the trend displayed in the H-R diagram? A. As temperature increases, luminosity decreases. B. As temperature increases, luminosity increases. C. As luminosity increases, life span increases. D. As temperature increases, life span increases. E. There is no trend.

3 Figure 1: Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram 4. According to Figure 1, which stars can be the hottest? A. Supergiants B. Giants C. Main Sequence D. White Dwarfs

4 Table 1. The solar mass and lifespan of select stars from the H-R diagram. Star Name Solar Masses Lifespan (Years) 61 Cygni B Centauri A Altair Achernar Spica Using the data in Table 1, create a graph that shows how life span changes as solar mass changes. Use the graph paper provided by your teacher to generate your graph and then answer the questions below. 5. Select the graph with a shape that is most similar to your graph. A. The x-axis is labeled LIfe Span (years) and the y-axis is labeled Solar Mass. B. The x-axis is labeled Solar Mass and the y-axis is labeled Life Span (years). C. The x-axis is labeled LIfe Span (years) and the y-axis is labeled Solar Mass. D. The x-axis is labeled Solar Mass and the y-axis is labeled Life Span (years). E. The x-axis is labeled Solar Mass and the y-axis is labeled Life Span (years).

5 6. Which phrase would best describe the relationship between the two variables that you just graphed? A. Linear relationship B. Non-linear relationship Figure 2. Adiabatic temperature change according to elevation with temperatures expressed in degrees Fahrenheit. 7. In figure 2, as air ascends the hill, what is the temperature drop in degrees F per 1,000 foot rise in elevation? A. 3.5 B. 4.5 C. 5.5 D. 6.5 E. 22

6 Figure 3. Seismograph reading from 1991 earthquake in California. Seismographs measure ground movement during earthquakes. 8. In Figure 3, when does the first P-Wave arrive? A. 0 seconds B. 10 seconds C. 20 seconds D. 40 seconds E. 50 seconds 9. In Figure 3, when does the secondary or S-Wave arrive? A. 10 seconds B. 20 seconds C. 30 seconds D. 40 seconds E. 50 seconds 10. In Figure 3, what is the amplitude of the Primary or P wave? A. 50 mm B. 75 mm C. 100 mm D. 150 mm E. 200 mm

7 Figure 4. The longer the time between the arrival of the P-wave and S-wave, the farther away the epicenter for an Earthquake. 11. According to figure 4, if you had a seismograph located 4,000 km from the epicenter of this earthquake, which wave would your instrument record first? A. S wave B. P wave 12. Given the information in figure 4, which wave travels fastest? A. P wave B. S wave C. Love wave D. Rayleigh wave E. None of the above

8 Figure 4. The longer the time between the arrival of the P-wave and S-wave, the farther away the epicenter for an Earthquake. 13. What is the difference between the arrival times of the P and S waves at a distance of 2000 km? A. 1 minute B. 2 minutes C. 3 minutes D. 4 minutes E. 5 minutes 14. Which waves slows down the fastest over time? A. P Wave B. S Wave

9 Figure 5. Global Carbon Cycle. Storage measured in GIC (gigaton of carbon). Adapted from Global Greenhouse Warming. (n.d.). The global carbon cycle. In The Global Carbon Cycle. Retrieved from According to Figure 5, where is the greatest storage of carbon located? A. Atmosphere C. Soils B. Sediments D. Deep oceans 16. Based on the information provided in Figure 5, which of the following actions would be most likely to decrease stores of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? A. Increase logging of trees. B. Increase fossil fuel and cement production C. Decrease the populations of marine biota D. Increase the planting of vegetation E. None of the above

10 Figure 6. The graphs below display the distance travelled by a particular satellite in a given period of time. \ 17. Considering the graphs in Figure 6, which set of data would allow you to draw the most reliable conclusion? A. Diagram A B. Diagram B C. Diagram C D. None of the diagrams

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