Transactions on Engineering Sciences vol 9, 1996 WIT Press, ISSN

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Transactions on Engineering Sciences vol 9, 1996 WIT Press, ISSN"

Transcription

1 A study of turbulence characteristics in open channel transitions as a function of Froude and Reynolds numbers using Laser technique M.I.A. El-shewey, S.G. Joshi Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Powai, Bombay , India Abstract This paper presents the results of Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) investigation in open channel transitions in a horizontal rectangular channel of constant width. Experiments are carried out in sudden transition having contraction ratios of 0.3 and 0.5. To study the effect of Froude number and Reynolds number on the streamwise and vertical components of turbulence intensities u'/uo and v'/uo, the measurements are carried out along the depth at different cross sections upstream, within and downstream of all the transitions, in the longitudinal direction along the centreline and across the transition. Measurements of turbulence intensities were conducted at different values of Froude and Reynolds numbers of the free stream, for various discharges generated by altering the depth of flow. From the results, it is concluded that, an increase in the Froude number and Reynolds number decreases the turbulence intensities u'/uo and vvuo upstream slightly, followed by slight increase in the turbulence intensities downstream of the transition in the expansion zone at the same flow conditions. This effect in the turbulence occurs primarily in the wall region and the free surface region. However, in the core region there is no noticeable change in the turbulence levels upstream, within and downstream regions of the transition. Within the transition, flow tends towards the critical state (Fr approaches close to 1) with a rise in the turbulence intensities in the free surface and the wall region which may be attributed to the flow tending towards critical state. At small values of Froude number Fr ^ 0.2, the effect of Froude number on turbulence intensities and the free surface wave is negligible.

2 364 Advances in Fluid Mechanics 1 Introduction Flow in open channel transition being free surface flow, is governed both by gravity and the viscous forces. Hence the discussions are presented accounting both these effects in terms of Froude and Reynolds numbers. Open channel transition have been studied extensively because of their importance for reducing the energy dissipation in hydraulic structures. The turbulent flow models in open channel flows are discussed by Rodi [6], Nezu and Nakagawa [5]. Experimental investigation on turbulent structure of back facing step flow, have been reported by several investigators such as Nakagawa [3] and Ruck [7]. Simulation of turbulent flow at a Reynolds numbers, has been pointed by Antonia [1] and Bernero [2]. Measurements of turbulence characteristics in open channel flows using LDV have been reported by Nezu and Rodi [4] and others. The present research presents the results of Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) investigation in open channel transitions in a horizontal rectangular channel of constant width. Experiments are carried out in sudden transition having contraction ratio of 0.3 and 0.5. To study the effect of Froude number Fr and Reynolds number Re on the streamwise and vertical turbulence intensities u'/uo and v'/uo upstream, within and downstream of the transitions, measurements were conducted at different values of Fr and Re viz , and 0.4x10^, and 0.16x10^ respectively, generated by altering the depth of flow. 2 Experimental set up and test procedure Experiments were conducted in a horizontal rectangular open channel flume of 7500 mm long, 300 mm wide and 500 mm height with glass wall of 6 mm thick and a steel plate bed. Figure 1 shows the layout of test facility. Water was supplied by a 15 HP pump and discharge was measured with an on-line orifice meter. In all the experiments, the discharge and the water level in the supply tanks were kept constant. Downstream water level was controlled by a tail end vertical gate. 3 Instrumentation The experimental data were collected using two color back-scatter LDV system available at the Water Tunnel Laboratory at I.I.T., Bombay. Figure 2 shows a block diagram of the two component LDV set up used for the measurements. A 5 Watt Argon-ion Laser with two Laser beams, one blue (488 nm) and one green (514.5 nm), were focused at a measuring point from one side of the channel through an optical lens. Two Burst Spectrum Analyzers (BSA) were used to evaluate the Doppler frequencies. Subsequent computer analysis consisted of velocity bias averaging and outlier rejection. The number of samples taken at every point was 5000 bursts. This corresponds to a simple averaging time of about 100 seconds. The data rate was about per second. Before acquiring the data, the LDV signal was checked for its regular Doppler burst that correspond to a

3 Advances in Fluid Mechanics 365 Transactions on Engineering Sciences vol 9, 1996 WIT Press, ISSN particle passing through the measuring volume. The measurements were taken at nine different cross sections upstream, within, and downstream of the transitions. Figure 3 shows the location grid of the measuring stations. 4 Results and discussion Figures 4, 5, and 6 depict the profiles of streamwise and vertical components of turbulence intensities u'/uo and v'/uo with relative water depth y/yo in sudden transition at different locations upstream, within and downstream the transition at contraction ratios Ab/b of 0.3 and 0.5 for discharges of 15 1/s and 39 1/s. Clearly, the trend of variation in streamwise and vertical turbulence intensities u'/uo and v'/uo are similar in all the cases. In all cases both u'/uo and v'/uo, the maximum turbulence intensities occur close to bed, following a gradual fall in the wall region defined by y/yo < 0.2, reaching the minimum in core region defined by y/yo < 0.6. Turbulence increases in the free surface region defined by 0.6 < y/yo < 1.0, reaching up to the free surface. Generally, maximum streamwise and vertical turbulence intensities u'/uo and v'/uo occur at the same location of the profiles of transition. Also, as a comprehensive observation, it is noted that the streamwise turbulence u'/uo is always stronger compared to the vertical turbulence v'/uo. In the wall region defined by y/yo 30.2 the turbulence intensities u'/uo and v'/uo have substantially large magnitude closer to the wall (wall effect). With the increasing distance from the boundary, both the turbulence intensities decrease in wall region tending towards a minimum in the intermediate region (core region) defined by 0.2 s y/yo s 0.6, where the location of the minimum value of the turbulence consistently corresponds to that of maximum streamwise mean velocity reaching a higher value in the free surface. Figures 4, and 5 depict the variation of u'/uo and v'/uo in the^transition for different Fr and Re viz , and 0.4x10 and 0.16x10, for free stream respectively at Ab/b = 0.3. Comparison of u'/uo and v'/uo upstream, within and downstream the transition, indicates that an increase in the Froude number and Reynolds number, decreases the turbulence intensities u'/uo and v'/uo upstream and within the transition slightly with a slight increase in the turbulence intensities downstream of the transition in the expansion zone at the same flow conditions. This slight decrease in the turbulence intensities u'/uo and v'/uo with increasing Fr and Re occur in the wall region and the free surface region and slight corresponding increase occurs in the downstream region. However, in the core region no noticeable change in the turbulence levels upstream, within the downstream region of the transition occurs. This increase or decrease in Fr and Re is not associated with the drastic change in the nature of turbulence intensity profiles maintaining the similarity of turbulence profiles with Fr or Re in the transition. This observation is consistent with the observation reported by Nezu

4 366 Advances in Fluid Mechanics Transactions on Engineering Sciences vol 9, 1996 WIT Press, ISSN and Nakagawa [5]. Figure 6 depict the turbulence intensity profiles along the depthwise and channel axis, for contraction ratio Ab/b = 0.5. In the upstream region of the transition, the Froude and Reynolds numbers are 0.22 and 3.8x10 on an average respectively, turbulence is relatively lower compared to the turbulence within and downstream regions of the transition. It has been observed during this experimentation, that surface waves play an important role in the turbulence production. Upstream of the entrance to the transition, surface waves were relatively mild. Within the transition, the Reynolds and Froude number increased to 6.7x10 and 0.6 on average respectively. As the flow approaches critical state as indicated by Fr reaching close to unity, it tends to be unstable due to higher wave disturbance, although the flow in transition is not exactly critical at Fr = 0.6. In addition, oblique surface waves are seen during experimentation within the transition and few centimeters, about cms downstream of the exit of the transition. The combined influence of these surface waves in the subcritical flow and the oblique waves due to constriction could have enhanced, the turbulence intensities in the free surface and wall region at the centre x/b = 0, and beyond up to exit section at x/b = 0.9. This surface wave disturbance effect appears predominant from the centre and at all subsequent sections downstream. At the centre itself at x/b = 0, however, in the core region turbulence is minimum. This may be attributed to the high linear velocity generated due to constriction and reduced depth. Downstream of the transition in the expansion zones, the conditions of the flow at the inlet of the expansion zones cause undirectional distortion of the fluid elements which may be expected to produce high nonhomogeneous and anisotropic turbulence downstream of the transition. Under the action of dynamic process, the turbulence is produced to some degree all over the field. A high level of turbulence intensities u'/uo and v'/uo in all expansion zone occurs compared to the upstream sections as seen in the Fig.6. Specifically the maximum turbulence intensities u'/uo and v'/uo can be seen to occur either close to the free surface or close to the bed. Even in this region, turbulence intensities u'/uo and region are relatively low. v'/uo in core 5 Conclusions The conclusions arising out of this study can be summarized as follows: (1) An increase in the Froude number and Reynolds number, decreases the turbulence intensities u'/uo and v'/uo upstream slightly, followed by slight increase in the turbulence intensities downstream of the transition in the expansion zone at the same flow conditions. This effect in the turbulence occurs primarily in the wall region and the free surface region. However, in the core region no noticeable change in the turbulence levels upstream, within and downstream regions of the transition occurs, (2) Within the transition, flow tends towards the critical state (Fr approaches close to 1)

5 Advances in Fluid Mechanics 367 Transactions on Engineering Sciences vol 9, 1996 WIT Press, ISSN with a rise in the turbulence intensities u'/uo and v'/uo in the free surface and the wall region which may be attributed to the flow tending towards critical state, (3) At small values of Froude number Fr s 0.2, the effect of Fr on turbulence intensities u'/uo and v'/uo and the free surface wave is negligible, (4) As a comprehensive observation, it is noted that, the streamwise turbulence u'/uo is always greater compared to the vertical turbulence v'/uo, (5) The turbulence intensities u'/uo and v'/uo are higher nearer the bed in the wall region defined by y/yo < 0.2 due to wall effect and the free surface region defined by y/yo > 0.6 due to free surface effect, (6) In the intermediate core region defined by 0.2 < y/yo < 0.6, minimum turbulence intensities u'/uo and v'/uo occur, and (7) With the increasing contraction ratio Ab/b, the streamwise and vertical variation of turbulence intensities u'/uo and v'/uo increased and become pronounced within and downstream of the transition, changing rapidly in the wall, core and the free surface regions. 6 Nomenclature b Channel width Ab Channel contraction Fr Froude number g Gravitation acceleration Q Flow discharge H Horizontal distance along the channel length Re Reynolds number u' Streamwise turbulence intensity component in x-direction (RMS) Uo Streamwise mean free stream velocity (averaged over the cross section) V Vertical distance along the channel width v' Vertical turbulence intensity component in y-direction (RMS) x Longitudinal axis along channel length y Transverse axis along channel height yo Free stream water depth z Lateral axis along channel width References 1. Antonia, R.A., and RajagopaIan, S., "Reynolds dependence of the structure of a turbulent boundary Prof. J. Fluid Mechanics, 121: pp , number layer", 2. Bernero, S., and Munukutla, S., "Developing turbulent pipe flow at low Reynolds numbers", Proc. Sixth Asian Congress of Fluid Mechanics, Ed., Chew, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 2263, Nakagawa, H., and Nezu, I., "Experimental investigation on turbulent structure of back facing step flow in an open channel", J. Hydraulic Research, IAHR, 25, pp.67-88, Nezu, I., and Rodi, W., "Open channel flow measurements with a Laser Doppler Velocimetry", J. Hydraulic Engg., ASCE, 112, pp , 1986

6 368 Advances in Fluid Mechanics S.Nezu, I., and Nakagawa, H., "Turbulence in open channel flows", IAHR- Monograph, A.A. Balkema Publishers, Old Post Road, Brookfield, VT 05036, USA, G.Rodi, W., "Turbulence Models and their application in hydraulics", IAHR Monograph, A. A. Balkema Publishers, Old Post Road, Bookfield, VT 05036, USA, Ruck, B., and Makiola, B., "Flow over a single-sided backward facing step with step angle variation", Proc. 3rd Int. Conference of Laser Anemometry, BHRA, Springer-Verlag, UK, pp , H- ioo-«figure 1. Schematic of test facility BLUE COLOURED BEAMS (**» n } GREEN COLOURED BEAMS (514.5 n ) TRANSMITTING OPTICS CONSISTING A) BEAM SPLITTER Of B) BRAGG CELL Figure 2. Block diagram of the Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV)

7 Advances in Fluid Mechanics 369 [6X7 # ##. *"'.' f3)(o Figure 3. Schematic showing the grid cross sections for measurements of the transition o-o o-i o-o 0-1 o-o o-i U/Uo,v'/Uo o -a L ) 0 01 D U/Uo,v'/Uo Figure 4 Continued

8 370 Advances in Fluid Mechanics ) ) # U'/Uo O v'/ Uo Vo = 32 0 mm Uo = 60 cm/5 Ab /b = 0-3 L / b z 1-7 tz SUDDEN TRANSITION o-o 0-1 u/ue,v'/uo Figure 4. Variation of streamwise and vertical components of turbulence intensities u?u<>and v?u<, with y/y,at different locations for Q=39 1/S at Ab/b=0.3 (Fr=0.23 and Re=0.4x10^for free stream) I b Figure 5 Continued ,V/U*

9 Advances in Fluid Mechanics 371 u'/uo O v'/uo y<, = 320mm UQ = cm / S Ab/b = 0-3 L / b = 1-7 SUDDEN TRANSITION o o-i U/Uo,V/Uo Figure 5. Variation of streamwise and^ vertical components of turbulence intensities u/uoand v/uo with y/'yoat different locations for Q=15 1/S at Ab/b=0.3 (Fr=0.088 and Re=0.16x10*for free stream) *'-' * " O'O O'l o-o o-i o-2 o-o o-i oo oi 0-0 O-I 0-2 u'/uo, i Figure 6 Continued

10 372 Advances in Fluid Mechanics 00 o u/uo,v'/uo Figure 6. Variation of streamwise and vertical components of turbulence intensities u^uoand v^u with y^y^at different locations for Q=39 1/S at Ab/b=0.5 (Fr=0.23 and Re=0.4xlO*for free stream)

A Study of The Turbulent Flows in Sloping and Adversely Sloping Rectangular Culvert

A Study of The Turbulent Flows in Sloping and Adversely Sloping Rectangular Culvert International Journal of Civil & Environmental Engineering IJCEE-IJENS Vol:12 No:06 85 A Study of The Turbulent Flows in Sloping and Adversely Sloping Rectangular Culvert Abdullah I Alhomidan College of

More information

Turbulence Laboratory

Turbulence Laboratory Objective: CE 319F Elementary Mechanics of Fluids Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Turbulence Laboratory The objective of this laboratory

More information

Detailed Investigation of Velocity Distributions in Compound Channels for both Main Channel and Flood Plain

Detailed Investigation of Velocity Distributions in Compound Channels for both Main Channel and Flood Plain Detailed Investigation of Velocity Distributions in Compound Channels for both Main Channel and Flood Plain Jarmina Nake 1, Dr. Mimi Das Saikia 2 M.Tech Student, Dept. of Civil engineering, ADTU, Guwahati,

More information

White Paper FINAL REPORT AN EVALUATION OF THE HYDRODYNAMICS MECHANISMS WHICH DRIVE THE PERFORMANCE OF THE WESTFALL STATIC MIXER.

White Paper FINAL REPORT AN EVALUATION OF THE HYDRODYNAMICS MECHANISMS WHICH DRIVE THE PERFORMANCE OF THE WESTFALL STATIC MIXER. White Paper FINAL REPORT AN EVALUATION OF THE HYDRODYNAMICS MECHANISMS WHICH DRIVE THE PERFORMANCE OF THE WESTFALL STATIC MIXER Prepared by: Dr. Thomas J. Gieseke NUWCDIVNPT - Code 8233 March 29, 1999

More information

Intensely swirling turbulent pipe flow downstream of an orifice: the influence of an outlet contraction

Intensely swirling turbulent pipe flow downstream of an orifice: the influence of an outlet contraction 13 th Int. Symp. on Appl. Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics, Lisbon, Portugal, June 26-29, 26 Intensely swirling turbulent pipe flow downstream of an orifice: the influence of an outlet contraction Marcel

More information

Efficiency of an Expansive Transition in an Open Channel Subcritical Flow

Efficiency of an Expansive Transition in an Open Channel Subcritical Flow DUET Journal Vol., Issue, June of an Expansive Transition in an Open Channel Subcritical Flow B. C. Basak and M. Alauddin Department of Civil Engineering Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur,

More information

EXPERIMENT No.1 FLOW MEASUREMENT BY ORIFICEMETER

EXPERIMENT No.1 FLOW MEASUREMENT BY ORIFICEMETER EXPERIMENT No.1 FLOW MEASUREMENT BY ORIFICEMETER 1.1 AIM: To determine the co-efficient of discharge of the orifice meter 1.2 EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED: Orifice meter test rig, Stopwatch 1.3 PREPARATION 1.3.1

More information

Head Discharge Relationship of Thin Plated Rectangular Lab Fabricated Sharp Crested Weirs

Head Discharge Relationship of Thin Plated Rectangular Lab Fabricated Sharp Crested Weirs Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 1231-1235, 2016. Available online at www.jafmonline.net, ISSN 1735-3572, EISSN 1735-3645. DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.jafm.68.228.23128 Head Discharge Relationship

More information

Free Flow Below Skew Sluice Gate

Free Flow Below Skew Sluice Gate International Journal of Engineering Research and Development e-issn: 2278-67X, p-issn: 2278-8X, www.ijerd.com Volume, Issue 3 (March 24), PP.44-52 Talib Mansoor Civil Engineering Department, Aligarh Muslim

More information

Dr. Muhammad Ali Shamim ; Internal 652

Dr. Muhammad Ali Shamim ; Internal 652 Dr. Muhammad Ali Shamim ali.shamim@uettaxila.edu.pk 051-904765; Internal 65 Channel Tranistions A channel transition is defined as change in channel cross section e.g. change in channel width and/or channel

More information

1.060 Engineering Mechanics II Spring Problem Set 8

1.060 Engineering Mechanics II Spring Problem Set 8 1.060 Engineering Mechanics II Spring 2006 Due on Monday, May 1st Problem Set 8 Important note: Please start a new sheet of paper for each problem in the problem set. Write the names of the group members

More information

EFFECT OF BAFFLE BLOCKS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF RADIAL HYDRAULIC JUMP

EFFECT OF BAFFLE BLOCKS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF RADIAL HYDRAULIC JUMP Fourth International Water Technology Conference IWTC 99, Alexandria, Egypt 255 EFFECT OF BAFFLE BLOCKS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF RADIAL HYDRAULIC JUMP O. S. Rageh Irrigation & Hydraulics Dept., Faculty of

More information

53:071 Principles of Hydraulics Laboratory Experiment #3 ANALYSIS OF OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW TRANSITIONS USING THE SPECIFIC ENERGY DIAGRAM

53:071 Principles of Hydraulics Laboratory Experiment #3 ANALYSIS OF OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW TRANSITIONS USING THE SPECIFIC ENERGY DIAGRAM 53:071 Principles of Hydraulics Laboratory Experiment #3 ANALYSIS OF OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW TRANSITIONS USING THE SPECIFIC ENERGY DIAGRAM Principle Adaptation of the Bernoulli equation to open-channel flows

More information

Experimental study of open-channel flow with partial double-layered vegetation

Experimental study of open-channel flow with partial double-layered vegetation Experimental study of open-channel flow with partial double-layered vegetation Xiaonan Tang 1*, Hamidrez Rahimi 1, Prateek Singh 1, Zishun Wei 1, Yuxuan Wang 1, Yufan Zhao 1, Qiangshuai Lu 1 1 Department

More information

Experiments on the perturbation of a channel flow by a triangular ripple

Experiments on the perturbation of a channel flow by a triangular ripple Experiments on the perturbation of a channel flow by a triangular ripple F. Cúñez *, E. Franklin Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas, Brazil * Correspondent author: fernandodcb@fem.unicamp.br

More information

Lateral Inflow into High-Velocity Channels

Lateral Inflow into High-Velocity Channels Lateral Inflow into High-Velocity Channels by Richard L. Stockstill PURPOSE: This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical Note (CHETN) investigates lateral flow discharging into a high-velocity channel.

More information

VARIATION OF MANNING S ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENT WITH SEEPAGE IN SAND-BED CHANNEL *Satish Patel 1 and Bimlesh Kumar 2

VARIATION OF MANNING S ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENT WITH SEEPAGE IN SAND-BED CHANNEL *Satish Patel 1 and Bimlesh Kumar 2 International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 5, No 6, 2016, 3678 3685 ISSN 2278-3687 (O) 2277-663X (P) VARIATION OF MANNING S ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENT WITH SEEPAGE IN SAND-BED CHANNEL

More information

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Urban Drainage: Hydraulics. Solutions to problem sheet 2: Flows in open channels

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Urban Drainage: Hydraulics. Solutions to problem sheet 2: Flows in open channels DEPRTMENT OF CIVIL ND ENVIRONMENTL ENGINEERING Urban Drainage: Hydraulics Solutions to problem sheet 2: Flows in open channels 1. rectangular channel of 1 m width carries water at a rate 0.1 m 3 /s. Plot

More information

This document is downloaded from DR-NTU, Nanyang Technological University Library, Singapore.

This document is downloaded from DR-NTU, Nanyang Technological University Library, Singapore. This document is downloaded from DR-NTU, Nanyang Technological University Library, Singapore. Title Modified logarithmic law for velocity distribution subjected to upward seepage. Author(s) Cheng, Nian-Sheng;

More information

LECTURE 6- ENERGY LOSSES IN HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS SELF EVALUATION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

LECTURE 6- ENERGY LOSSES IN HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS SELF EVALUATION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LECTURE 6- ENERGY LOSSES IN HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS SELF EVALUATION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 1. What is the head loss ( in units of bars) across a 30mm wide open gate valve when oil ( SG=0.9) flow through at a

More information

The Effect of Endplates on Rectangular Jets of Different Aspect Ratios

The Effect of Endplates on Rectangular Jets of Different Aspect Ratios The Effect of Endplates on Rectangular Jets of Different Aspect Ratios M. Alnahhal *, Th. Panidis Laboratory of Applied Thermodynamics, Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics Department, University of

More information

Chapter 4: Non uniform flow in open channels

Chapter 4: Non uniform flow in open channels Chapter 4: Non uniform flow in open channels Learning outcomes By the end of this lesson, students should be able to: Relate the concept of specific energy and momentum equations in the effect of change

More information

VARIED FLOW IN OPEN CHANNELS

VARIED FLOW IN OPEN CHANNELS Chapter 15 Open Channels vs. Closed Conduits VARIED FLOW IN OPEN CHANNELS Fluid Mechanics, Spring Term 2011 In a closed conduit there can be a pressure gradient that drives the flow. An open channel has

More information

INTERACTION OF AN AIR-BUBBLE DISPERSED PHASE WITH AN INITIALLY ISOTROPIC TURBULENT FLOW FIELD

INTERACTION OF AN AIR-BUBBLE DISPERSED PHASE WITH AN INITIALLY ISOTROPIC TURBULENT FLOW FIELD 3rd Workshop on Transport Phenomena in Two-Phase Flow Nessebar, Bulgaria, 2-7 September 1998, p.p. 133-138 INTERACTION OF AN AIR-BUBBLE DISPERSED PHASE WITH AN INITIALLY ISOTROPIC TURBULENT FLOW FIELD

More information

Experiment No.4: Flow through Venturi meter. Background and Theory

Experiment No.4: Flow through Venturi meter. Background and Theory Experiment No.4: Flow through Venturi meter Background and Theory Introduction Flow meters are used in the industry to measure the volumetric flow rate of fluids. Differential pressure type flow meters

More information

10.52 Mechanics of Fluids Spring 2006 Problem Set 3

10.52 Mechanics of Fluids Spring 2006 Problem Set 3 10.52 Mechanics of Fluids Spring 2006 Problem Set 3 Problem 1 Mass transfer studies involving the transport of a solute from a gas to a liquid often involve the use of a laminar jet of liquid. The situation

More information

On the influence of bed permeability on flow in the leeside of coarse-grained bedforms

On the influence of bed permeability on flow in the leeside of coarse-grained bedforms On the influence of bed permeability on flow in the leeside of coarse-grained bedforms G. Blois (1), J. L. Best (1), G. H. Sambrook Smith (2), R. J. Hardy (3) 1 University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign,

More information

28.2 Classification of Jumps

28.2 Classification of Jumps 28.2 Classification of Jumps As mentioned earlier, the supercritical flow Froude number influences the characteristics of the hydraulic jump. Bradley and Peterka, after extensive experimental investigations,

More information

57:020 Mechanics of Fluids and Transfer Processes CONSERVATION OF MASS, LINEAR MOMENTUM, AND ENERGY IN A SLUICE GATE FLOW. dt dt. d ( momentum.

57:020 Mechanics of Fluids and Transfer Processes CONSERVATION OF MASS, LINEAR MOMENTUM, AND ENERGY IN A SLUICE GATE FLOW. dt dt. d ( momentum. 57: Mechani of Fluids and Transfer Processes CONSERVATION OF MASS, LINEAR MOMENTUM, AND ENERGY IN A SLUICE GATE FLOW Purpose To measure the total piezometric pressure at various locations along a vertical

More information

Flow Field Investigation in a Rectangular Shallow Reservoir using UVP, LSPIV and numerical model

Flow Field Investigation in a Rectangular Shallow Reservoir using UVP, LSPIV and numerical model Flow Field Investigation in a Rectangular Shallow Reservoir using UVP, LSPIV and numerical model S AMEH KANTOUSH, ERIK BOLLAERT, GIOVANNI DE CESARE, JEAN-LOUIS BOILLAT and ANTON SCHLEISS Ecole Polytechnique

More information

Investigation of Flow Profile in Open Channels using CFD

Investigation of Flow Profile in Open Channels using CFD Investigation of Flow Profile in Open Channels using CFD B. K. Gandhi 1, H.K. Verma 2 and Boby Abraham 3 Abstract Accuracy of the efficiency measurement of a hydro-electric generating unit depends on the

More information

Influence of Two-line Emergent Floodplain Vegetation on A Straight Compound Channel Flow

Influence of Two-line Emergent Floodplain Vegetation on A Straight Compound Channel Flow International Journal of Integrated Engineering, Vol. 5 No. 1 (2013) p. 58-63 Influence of Two-line Emergent Floodplain Vegetation on A Straight Compound Channel Flow Mazlin Jumain 1,*, Zulkiflee Ibrahim

More information

Experimental Study of Near Wake Flow Behind a Rectangular Cylinder

Experimental Study of Near Wake Flow Behind a Rectangular Cylinder American Journal of Applied Sciences 5 (8): 97-926, 28 ISSN 546-9239 28 Science Publications Experimental Study of Near Wake Flow Behind a Rectangular Cylinder Abdollah Shadaram, Mahdi Azimi Fard and Noorallah

More information

P10.5 Water flows down a rectangular channel that is 4 ft wide and 3 ft deep. The flow rate is 15,000 gal/min. Estimate the Froude number of the flow.

P10.5 Water flows down a rectangular channel that is 4 ft wide and 3 ft deep. The flow rate is 15,000 gal/min. Estimate the Froude number of the flow. P10.5 Water flows down a rectangular channel that is 4 ft wide and ft deep. The flow rate is 15,000 gal/min. Estimate the Froude number of the flow. Solution: Convert the flow rate from 15,000 gal/min

More information

Fluid Mechanics Prof. T.I. Eldho Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay. Lecture - 17 Laminar and Turbulent flows

Fluid Mechanics Prof. T.I. Eldho Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay. Lecture - 17 Laminar and Turbulent flows Fluid Mechanics Prof. T.I. Eldho Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay Lecture - 17 Laminar and Turbulent flows Welcome back to the video course on fluid mechanics. In

More information

FLOW CONDITIONING DESIGN IN THICK LIQUID PROTECTION

FLOW CONDITIONING DESIGN IN THICK LIQUID PROTECTION FLOW CONDITIONING DESIGN IN THICK LIQUID PROTECTION S.G. Durbin, M. Yoda, and S.I. Abdel-Khalik G. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA 30332-0405 USA (404)

More information

ESTIMATING THE FRICTION VELOCITY IN A TURBULENT PLANE WALL JET OVER A TRANSITIONALLY ROUGH SURFACE

ESTIMATING THE FRICTION VELOCITY IN A TURBULENT PLANE WALL JET OVER A TRANSITIONALLY ROUGH SURFACE ESTIMATING THE FRICTION VELOCITY IN A TRBLENT PLANE WALL JET OVER A TRANSITIONALLY ROGH SRFACE Noorallah Rostamy niversity of Saskatchewan nori.rostamy@usask.ca Donald J. Bergstrom niversity of Saskatchewan

More information

THE HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE OF ORIENTED SPUR DIKE IMPLEMENTATION IN OPEN CHANNEL

THE HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE OF ORIENTED SPUR DIKE IMPLEMENTATION IN OPEN CHANNEL Tenth International Water Technology Conference, IWTC10 2006, Alexandria, Egypt 281 THE HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE OF ORIENTED SPUR DIKE IMPLEMENTATION IN OPEN CHANNEL Karima Attia 1 and Gamal El Saied 2 1

More information

CE 6303 MECHANICS OF FLUIDS L T P C QUESTION BANK 3 0 0 3 UNIT I FLUID PROPERTIES AND FLUID STATICS PART - A 1. Define fluid and fluid mechanics. 2. Define real and ideal fluids. 3. Define mass density

More information

VORTICITY FIELD EVOLUTION IN A FORCED WAKE. Richard K. Cohn Air Force Research Laboratory Edwards Air Force Base, CA 92524

VORTICITY FIELD EVOLUTION IN A FORCED WAKE. Richard K. Cohn Air Force Research Laboratory Edwards Air Force Base, CA 92524 Proceedings of the st International Symposium on Turbulence and Shear Flow Phenomena, Santa Barbara, CA, Sep. 5, 999, Eds. Banerjee, S. and Eaton, J. K., pp. 9-96. VORTICITY FIELD EVOLUTION IN A FORCED

More information

Evolution of the pdf of a high Schmidt number passive scalar in a plane wake

Evolution of the pdf of a high Schmidt number passive scalar in a plane wake Evolution of the pdf of a high Schmidt number passive scalar in a plane wake ABSTRACT H. Rehab, L. Djenidi and R. A. Antonia Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Newcastle, N.S.W. 2308 Australia

More information

Prof. B.S. Thandaveswara. Superelevation is defined as the difference in elevation of water surface between inside (1)

Prof. B.S. Thandaveswara. Superelevation is defined as the difference in elevation of water surface between inside (1) 36.4 Superelevation Superelevation is defined as the difference in elevation of water surface between inside and outside wall of the bend at the same section. y=y y (1) 1 This is similar to the road banking

More information

Hydraulic resistance at sudden pipe expansion-the influence of cavitation

Hydraulic resistance at sudden pipe expansion-the influence of cavitation Hydraulic resistance at sudden pipe expansion-the influence of cavitation I Department of Hydraulic Structures and Water Resources Management, Technical University Graz 2 Department of Hydraulic Machinery,

More information

Chapter 3 Bernoulli Equation

Chapter 3 Bernoulli Equation 1 Bernoulli Equation 3.1 Flow Patterns: Streamlines, Pathlines, Streaklines 1) A streamline, is a line that is everywhere tangent to the velocity vector at a given instant. Examples of streamlines around

More information

Factors affecting confluence scour

Factors affecting confluence scour & Wang (eds) River Sedimentation 1999., Balkema, Rotterdam. ISBN 9 9 3. 17 19 Factors affecting confluence scour R. B. Rezaur & A. W. Jayawardena. Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong

More information

Applied Fluid Mechanics

Applied Fluid Mechanics Applied Fluid Mechanics 1. The Nature of Fluid and the Study of Fluid Mechanics 2. Viscosity of Fluid 3. Pressure Measurement 4. Forces Due to Static Fluid 5. Buoyancy and Stability 6. Flow of Fluid and

More information

Applied Fluid Mechanics

Applied Fluid Mechanics Applied Fluid Mechanics 1. The Nature of Fluid and the Study of Fluid Mechanics 2. Viscosity of Fluid 3. Pressure Measurement 4. Forces Due to Static Fluid 5. Buoyancy and Stability 6. Flow of Fluid and

More information

Design of Stilling Basins using Artificial Roughness

Design of Stilling Basins using Artificial Roughness Design of Stilling Basins using Artificial Roughness N. AboulAtta 1, G. Ezizah 2, N. Yousif 3, S. Fathy 4 Abstract The stilling basins are commonly used to dissipate the energy and protect the downstream

More information

EFFECT OF STREAM-WISE SPACING OF BRIDGE PIERS ON SCOUR DEPTH

EFFECT OF STREAM-WISE SPACING OF BRIDGE PIERS ON SCOUR DEPTH EFFECT OF STREAM-WISE SPACING OF BRIDGE PIERS ON SCOUR DEPTH ASHISH KUMAR Ph. D. Student UMESH C. KOTHYARI Professor Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, (formerly: University

More information

Experiment 7 Energy Loss in a Hydraulic Jump

Experiment 7 Energy Loss in a Hydraulic Jump Experiment 7 Energ Loss in a Hdraulic Jump n Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to examine the transition from supercritical (rapid) flow to subcritical (slow) flow in an open channel and to analze

More information

Formation Of Hydraulic Jumps On Corrugated Beds

Formation Of Hydraulic Jumps On Corrugated Beds International Journal of Civil & Environmental Engineering IJCEE-IJENS Vol:10 No:01 37 Formation Of Hydraulic Jumps On Corrugated Beds Ibrahim H. Elsebaie 1 and Shazy Shabayek Abstract A study of the effect

More information

PIPE FLOW. General Characteristic of Pipe Flow. Some of the basic components of a typical pipe system are shown in Figure 1.

PIPE FLOW. General Characteristic of Pipe Flow. Some of the basic components of a typical pipe system are shown in Figure 1. PIPE FLOW General Characteristic of Pipe Flow Figure 1 Some of the basic components of a typical pipe system are shown in Figure 1. They include the pipes, the various fitting used to connect the individual

More information

Laboratory experiences on open channel flow (in collaboration with Dr. Ing. Luca Milanesi)

Laboratory experiences on open channel flow (in collaboration with Dr. Ing. Luca Milanesi) Classwork 8 Laboratory experiences on open channel flow (in collaboration with Dr. Ing. Luca Milanesi) Why a practical lesson on open channel flow? In the first part of the course we studied open channel

More information

Pipe Flow. Lecture 17

Pipe Flow. Lecture 17 Pipe Flow Lecture 7 Pipe Flow and the Energy Equation For pipe flow, the Bernoulli equation alone is not sufficient. Friction loss along the pipe, and momentum loss through diameter changes and corners

More information

Energy and momentum coefficients for wide compound channels

Energy and momentum coefficients for wide compound channels River Basin Management VII 87 Energy and momentum coefficients for wide compound channels P. K. Mohanty, S. S. Dash, K. K. Khatua & K. C. Patra Department of Civil Engineering, N.I.T. Rourkela, India Abstract

More information

FLUID MECHANICS PROF. DR. METİN GÜNER COMPILER

FLUID MECHANICS PROF. DR. METİN GÜNER COMPILER FLUID MECHANICS PROF. DR. METİN GÜNER COMPILER ANKARA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY AND TECHNOLOGIES ENGINEERING 1 5. FLOW IN PIPES Liquid or gas flow through pipes

More information

FORMATION OF HYDRAULIC JUMPS ON CORRUGATED BEDS

FORMATION OF HYDRAULIC JUMPS ON CORRUGATED BEDS International Journal of Civil & Environmental Engineering IJCEE-IJENS Vol: 10 No: 01 40 FORMATION OF HYDRAULIC JUMPS ON CORRUGATED BEDS Ibrahim H. Elsebaie 1 and Shazy Shabayek Abstract A study of the

More information

FLOW MEASUREMENT. INC 102 Fundamental of Instrumentation and Process Control 2/2560

FLOW MEASUREMENT. INC 102 Fundamental of Instrumentation and Process Control 2/2560 FLOW MEASUREMENT INC 102 Fundamental of Instrumentation and Process Control 2/2560 TABLE OF CONTENTS A. INTRODUCTION B. LOCAL FLOW MEASUREMENT B.1 Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) B.2 Laser doppler anemometry

More information

Experiment (4): Flow measurement

Experiment (4): Flow measurement Experiment (4): Flow measurement Introduction: The flow measuring apparatus is used to familiarize the students with typical methods of flow measurement of an incompressible fluid and, at the same time

More information

Pressure Fluctuation around Chute Blocks of SAF Stilling Basins

Pressure Fluctuation around Chute Blocks of SAF Stilling Basins J. Agr. Sci. Tech. (2010) Vol. 12: 203-212 Pressure Fluctuation around Chute Blocks of SAF Stilling Basins J. Farhoudi 1 *, S. M. Sadat-Helbar 1, and N. Aziz 2 ABSTRACT Geometry of the chute blocks in

More information

Hydraulics Prof. Dr. Arup Kumar Sarma Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati

Hydraulics Prof. Dr. Arup Kumar Sarma Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati Hydraulics Prof. Dr. Arup Kumar Sarma Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati Module No. # 04 Gradually Varied Flow Lecture No. # 07 Rapidly Varied Flow: Hydraulic Jump

More information

THE EFFECT OF THICKNESS OF PILLAR IN THE CHANNEL BEND TO CHANGES THE COEFFICIENT OF SUPERELEVATION

THE EFFECT OF THICKNESS OF PILLAR IN THE CHANNEL BEND TO CHANGES THE COEFFICIENT OF SUPERELEVATION Journal Engineering Science and Technology Vol. 11, No. 5 (2016) 745-754 School Engineering, Taylor s University THE EFFECT OF THICKNESS OF PILLAR IN THE CHANNEL BEND TO CHANGES THE COEFFICIENT OF SUPERELEVATION

More information

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Two- Phase Flow through Enlarging Singularity

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Two- Phase Flow through Enlarging Singularity Purdue University Purdue e-pubs International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference School of Mechanical Engineering 212 Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Two- Phase Flow through Enlarging

More information

Quadrant method application to the study of the beginning of sediment motion of sedimentary particles

Quadrant method application to the study of the beginning of sediment motion of sedimentary particles V Conferência Nacional de Mecânica dos Fluidos, Termodinâmica e Energia MEFTE 214, 11 12 etembro 214, Porto, Portugal APMTAC, 214 Quadrant method application to the study of the beginning of sediment motion

More information

NPTEL Quiz Hydraulics

NPTEL Quiz Hydraulics Introduction NPTEL Quiz Hydraulics 1. An ideal fluid is a. One which obeys Newton s law of viscosity b. Frictionless and incompressible c. Very viscous d. Frictionless and compressible 2. The unit of kinematic

More information

International Journal of Advance Research, IJOAR.org ISSN

International Journal of Advance Research, IJOAR.org ISSN International Journal of Advance Research, IJOAR.org 1 International Journal of Advance Research, IJOAR.org Volume 1, Issue 9, September 2013, Online: Coefficient Of Discharge For A Compound Weir Combined

More information

Effect of blowing rate on the film cooling coverage on a multi-holed plate: application on combustor walls

Effect of blowing rate on the film cooling coverage on a multi-holed plate: application on combustor walls Effect of blowing rate on the film cooling coverage on a multi-holed plate: application on combustor walls P. Miron 1,2, C. Berat 1 & V. Sabelnikov 3 1 TURBOMECA-Bordes, France 2 LaTEP, Université de Pau

More information

Beaver Creek Corridor Design and Analysis. By: Alex Previte

Beaver Creek Corridor Design and Analysis. By: Alex Previte Beaver Creek Corridor Design and Analysis By: Alex Previte Overview Introduction Key concepts Model Development Design Accuracy Conclusion Refresh v = Beaver Creek Site = Wittenberg Introduction Low head

More information

An Experimental Investigation to Control the Flow Emerging From a Wide Angle Diffuser

An Experimental Investigation to Control the Flow Emerging From a Wide Angle Diffuser IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN) ISSN: 5-3 ISBN: 878-879 PP 7-3 National Symposium on engineering and Research An Experimental Investigation to Control the Flow Emerging From a Wide Angle Diffuser

More information

Experimental Investigations on the Local Distribution of wall static pressure coefficient Due To an Impinging Slot Air Jet on a Confined Rough Surface

Experimental Investigations on the Local Distribution of wall static pressure coefficient Due To an Impinging Slot Air Jet on a Confined Rough Surface Experimental Investigations on the Local Distribution of wall static pressure coefficient Due To an Impinging Slot Air Jet on a Confined Rough Surface 1 Adimurthy. M 1 BLDEA s VP DR. P G Halakatti college

More information

R09. d water surface. Prove that the depth of pressure is equal to p +.

R09. d water surface. Prove that the depth of pressure is equal to p +. Code No:A109210105 R09 SET-1 B.Tech II Year - I Semester Examinations, December 2011 FLUID MECHANICS (CIVIL ENGINEERING) Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75 Answer any five questions All questions carry equal

More information

1.060 Engineering Mechanics II Spring Problem Set 4

1.060 Engineering Mechanics II Spring Problem Set 4 1.060 Engineering Mechanics II Spring 2006 Due on Monday, March 20th Problem Set 4 Important note: Please start a new sheet of paper for each problem in the problem set. Write the names of the group members

More information

Lesson 37 Transmission Of Air In Air Conditioning Ducts

Lesson 37 Transmission Of Air In Air Conditioning Ducts Lesson 37 Transmission Of Air In Air Conditioning Ducts Version 1 ME, IIT Kharagpur 1 The specific objectives of this chapter are to: 1. Describe an Air Handling Unit (AHU) and its functions (Section 37.1).

More information

COMPARISON OF LABORATORY AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS OF BRIDGE PIER SCOUR

COMPARISON OF LABORATORY AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS OF BRIDGE PIER SCOUR COMPARISON OF LABORATORY AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS OF BRIDGE PIER SCOUR LEE, SEUNGOH, STURM, T. W., School of Civil and Environ. Engrg., Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA 30332-0512 USA GOTVALD,

More information

Development of Discharge Prediction Model for Trapezoidal Canals using Simple Portable Flume

Development of Discharge Prediction Model for Trapezoidal Canals using Simple Portable Flume International Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 01, 1(5): 37-4 OI: 10.593/j.ijhe.010105.0 evelopment of ischarge Prediction Model for Trapezoidal Canals using Simple Portable Flume Avinash M. Badar, Aniruddha.

More information

5. Secondary Current and Spiral Flow

5. Secondary Current and Spiral Flow 5. Secondary Current and Spiral Flow The curve of constant velocity for rectangular and triangular cross-section obtained by Nikuradse are shown in Figures and 2. In all cases the velocities at the corners

More information

Numerical Computation of Inception Point Location for Flat-sloped Stepped Spillway

Numerical Computation of Inception Point Location for Flat-sloped Stepped Spillway International Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 2013, 2(3): 47-52 DOI: 10.5923/j.ijhe.20130203.03 Numerical Computation of Inception Point Location for Flat-sloped Stepped Spillway Bentalha Chakib Department

More information

A two-fluid model of turbulent two-phase flow for simulating turbulent stratified flows

A two-fluid model of turbulent two-phase flow for simulating turbulent stratified flows Ocean Engineering 30 (2003) 153 161 www.elsevier.com/locate/oceaneng A two-fluid model of turbulent two-phase flow for simulating turbulent stratified flows Y.M. Shen a,, C.-O. Ng b, A.T. Chwang b a State

More information

FLOW CHARACTERIZATION WITHIN A SPHERE-PACKED BED USING PIV MEASUREMENT

FLOW CHARACTERIZATION WITHIN A SPHERE-PACKED BED USING PIV MEASUREMENT FLOW CHARACTERIZATION WITHIN A SPHERE-PACKED BED USING PIV MEASUREMENT J. H.ZHANG, L.XIONG, N.X.WANG and W ZHOU Department of reactor physics, Shanghai institute of applied physics, Chinese academy of

More information

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF OPEN CHANNEL FLOW BETWEEN BRIDGE PIERS

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF OPEN CHANNEL FLOW BETWEEN BRIDGE PIERS TASK QUARTERLY 15 No 3 4, 271 282 NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF OPEN CHANNEL FLOW BETWEEN BRIDGE PIERS MICHAŁ SZYDŁOWSKI Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza

More information

Chapter (3) Water Flow in Pipes

Chapter (3) Water Flow in Pipes Chapter (3) Water Flow in Pipes Water Flow in Pipes Bernoulli Equation Recall fluid mechanics course, the Bernoulli equation is: P 1 ρg + v 1 g + z 1 = P ρg + v g + z h P + h T + h L Here, we want to study

More information

Laboratory Investigation of Submerged Vane Shapes Effect on River Banks Protection

Laboratory Investigation of Submerged Vane Shapes Effect on River Banks Protection Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(12): 1402-1407, 2011 ISSN 1991-8178 Laboratory Investigation of Submerged Vane Shapes Effect on River Banks Protection Touraj Samimi Behbahan Department

More information

vector H. If O is the point about which moments are desired, the angular moment about O is given:

vector H. If O is the point about which moments are desired, the angular moment about O is given: The angular momentum A control volume analysis can be applied to the angular momentum, by letting B equal to angularmomentum vector H. If O is the point about which moments are desired, the angular moment

More information

Advanced Hydraulics Prof. Dr. Suresh A. Kartha Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati

Advanced Hydraulics Prof. Dr. Suresh A. Kartha Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati Advanced Hydraulics Prof. Dr. Suresh A. Kartha Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati Module - 5 Channel Transitions Lecture - 1 Channel Transitions Part 1 Welcome back

More information

Fluid Mechanics. du dy

Fluid Mechanics. du dy FLUID MECHANICS Technical English - I 1 th week Fluid Mechanics FLUID STATICS FLUID DYNAMICS Fluid Statics or Hydrostatics is the study of fluids at rest. The main equation required for this is Newton's

More information

Head loss coefficient through sharp-edged orifices

Head loss coefficient through sharp-edged orifices Head loss coefficient through sharp-edged orifices Nicolas J. Adam, Giovanni De Cesare and Anton J. Schleiss Laboratory of Hydraulic Constructions, Ecole Polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

More information

Reservoir Oscillations with Through Flow

Reservoir Oscillations with Through Flow American Journal of Environmental Sciences 3 (): 37-42, 27 ISSN 553-345X 27 Science Publications Reservoir Oscillations with Through Flow A. A. Khan 28 Lowry Hall, epartment of Civil Engineering, Clemson

More information

Hydromechanics: Course Summary

Hydromechanics: Course Summary Hydromechanics: Course Summary Hydromechanics VVR090 Material Included; French: Chapters to 9 and 4 + Sample problems Vennard & Street: Chapters 8 + 3, and (part of it) Roberson & Crowe: Chapter Collection

More information

Numerical and Physical Modeling of Turbulent Shear Flows

Numerical and Physical Modeling of Turbulent Shear Flows Clemson University TigerPrints All Dissertations Dissertations 5-2007 Numerical and Physical Modeling of Turbulent Shear Flows John Raiford Clemson University, raiford@clemson.edu Follow this and additional

More information

COURSE NUMBER: ME 321 Fluid Mechanics I 3 credit hour. Basic Equations in fluid Dynamics

COURSE NUMBER: ME 321 Fluid Mechanics I 3 credit hour. Basic Equations in fluid Dynamics COURSE NUMBER: ME 321 Fluid Mechanics I 3 credit hour Basic Equations in fluid Dynamics Course teacher Dr. M. Mahbubur Razzaque Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering BUET 1 Description of Fluid

More information

5th WSEAS Int. Conf. on Heat and Mass transfer (HMT'08), Acapulco, Mexico, January 25-27, 2008

5th WSEAS Int. Conf. on Heat and Mass transfer (HMT'08), Acapulco, Mexico, January 25-27, 2008 Numerical Determination of Temperature and Velocity Profiles for Forced and Mixed Convection Flow through Narrow Vertical Rectangular Channels ABDALLA S. HANAFI Mechanical power department Cairo university

More information

Chapter 4 DYNAMICS OF FLUID FLOW

Chapter 4 DYNAMICS OF FLUID FLOW Faculty Of Engineering at Shobra nd Year Civil - 016 Chapter 4 DYNAMICS OF FLUID FLOW 4-1 Types of Energy 4- Euler s Equation 4-3 Bernoulli s Equation 4-4 Total Energy Line (TEL) and Hydraulic Grade Line

More information

1-Reynold s Experiment

1-Reynold s Experiment Lect.No.8 2 nd Semester Flow Dynamics in Closed Conduit (Pipe Flow) 1 of 21 The flow in closed conduit ( flow in pipe ) is differ from this occur in open channel where the flow in pipe is at a pressure

More information

COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS ANALYSIS OF A V-RIB WITH GAP ROUGHENED SOLAR AIR HEATER

COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS ANALYSIS OF A V-RIB WITH GAP ROUGHENED SOLAR AIR HEATER THERMAL SCIENCE: Year 2018, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 963-972 963 COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS ANALYSIS OF A V-RIB WITH GAP ROUGHENED SOLAR AIR HEATER by Jitesh RANA, Anshuman SILORI, Rajesh MAITHANI *, and

More information

Experimental Investigation on the Influence of Density of Fluid. On Efficiency of V- Notch

Experimental Investigation on the Influence of Density of Fluid. On Efficiency of V- Notch International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering (ijasre) E-ISSN : 2454-8006 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7324/ijasre.2017.32515 Vol.3 (9) Oct - 2017 Experimental Investigation on

More information

Chapter 6. Losses due to Fluid Friction

Chapter 6. Losses due to Fluid Friction Chapter 6 Losses due to Fluid Friction 1 Objectives ä To measure the pressure drop in the straight section of smooth, rough, and packed pipes as a function of flow rate. ä To correlate this in terms of

More information

Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer of Combined Forced-Natural Convection around Vertical Plate Placed in Vertical Downward Flow of Water

Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer of Combined Forced-Natural Convection around Vertical Plate Placed in Vertical Downward Flow of Water Advanced Experimental Mechanics, Vol.2 (2017), 41-46 Copyright C 2017 JSEM Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer of Combined Forced-Natural Convection around Vertical Plate Placed in Vertical Downward Flow of Water

More information

Experiment- To determine the coefficient of impact for vanes. Experiment To determine the coefficient of discharge of an orifice meter.

Experiment- To determine the coefficient of impact for vanes. Experiment To determine the coefficient of discharge of an orifice meter. SUBJECT: FLUID MECHANICS VIVA QUESTIONS (M.E 4 th SEM) Experiment- To determine the coefficient of impact for vanes. Q1. Explain impulse momentum principal. Ans1. Momentum equation is based on Newton s

More information

PROPERTIES OF THE FLOW AROUND TWO ROTATING CIRCULAR CYLINDERS IN SIDE-BY-SIDE ARRANGEMENT WITH DIFFERENT ROTATION TYPES

PROPERTIES OF THE FLOW AROUND TWO ROTATING CIRCULAR CYLINDERS IN SIDE-BY-SIDE ARRANGEMENT WITH DIFFERENT ROTATION TYPES THERMAL SCIENCE, Year, Vol. 8, No. 5, pp. 87-9 87 PROPERTIES OF THE FLOW AROUND TWO ROTATING CIRCULAR CYLINDERS IN SIDE-BY-SIDE ARRANGEMENT WITH DIFFERENT ROTATION TYPES by Cheng-Xu TU, a,b Fu-Bin BAO

More information

Chapter 7 The Energy Equation

Chapter 7 The Energy Equation Chapter 7 The Energy Equation 7.1 Energy, Work, and Power When matter has energy, the matter can be used to do work. A fluid can have several forms of energy. For example a fluid jet has kinetic energy,

More information