The Big Bang and The Formation of the Universe. Earth Science- Where It All Began

Transcription

1 The Big Bang and The Formation of the Universe Earth Science- Where It All Began

2 Welcome to the beginning Before understanding where we are now and what impacts humans have on the Earth, we need to learn about how the Earth got here.

3 First...what is the difference between the universe, solar system, and galaxy? Universe Solar System Galaxy

4 Thresholds of the Big History Key Focus Areas: The Big Bang Star Formation Chemical Elements Earth and the Solar System Life on Earth Recipe or Formula for thresholds and changes to occur: Right Ingredients + Goldilocks (Perfect) Conditions = New Complexity

5 Introduction to the Big History and how we got here

6 Stories and Ideas of the Universe s Formation Stories and ideas have been shared for centuries, will continue to be shared...and modified Pan Gu & Egg World ~ Chinese Mythology ~ Egg of contained chaos ~ Pan Gu emerges - Skies & Earth, eyes, breath, limbs, and blood The Great Turtle s Island Genesis ~ Iroquois Indians ~ Christianity ~ World was all water ~ God created everything ~ Woman fell from sky- saved and humans in its likeness by swans ~ Great Turtle ordered sea creatures

7 Science s Belief of How the Universe Formed The Big Bang Theory...In an instant, everything happens.

8 Video Follow-Up Questions and Discussion 1. When did the Big Bang occur? 2. Very quickly after the Big Bang, the temperature dropped significantly, causing matter and energy to separate. What were the 2 main forms of energy?

9 Enough with the Cold FeetThe Proposal of the Big Bang Theory 1920 s- Georges Lemaitre - 1st proposed idea of expanding universe ** lacked proof, not accepted (Einstein not a believer) Edwin Hubble- observed with telescope the moving away of galaxies from other galaxies ** more accepted, but still not overwhelming support NJ Scientists Wilson and Penzias heard a noise (hissing) from their space antenna- it was later concluded that it came from energy that was released during the Big Bang (One of the largest pieces of evidence to support claim) ** During the video pay attention to how the scientists try to run a controlled experiment

10 Star Formation How did stars begin to form?

11 Video Follow-Up Questions and Discussion What happened as the temperature began to drop in the universe? What were the key ingredients for star formation? What were the Goldilocks conditions for star formation? How did the stars form and why did they stop collapsing together? Newton s Law of Universal Gravitation What do YOU think could happen as a result of a universe full of stars?

12 Birth of Matter and Elements- CC Formation of our galaxy and how elements were formed.

13 Video Follow-Up Questions and Discussion What key things does CBR (Cosmic Background Radiation) tell us? How did our galaxy form? What is a lightyear a measure of? Explain fusion. How did heavier elements form? And where are they found?

14 New Chemical Elements Furthering our understanding of the formation of new elements.

15 Video Follow-Up Questions and Discussion What were the 1st 2 primary elements? How are new elements formed? What is needed for the formation of new elements? Show an example of how new elements form. What conditions are essential for element/chemistry formation? Dmitri Mendeleev Henry Moseley

16 Welcome to our Solar System Here we will gain a perspective on how planets in our solar system were formed.

17 Video Follow-Up Questions and Discussion 1. About 98% of atomic matter in the universe is composed of what two elements? 2. What are the essential ingredients and conditions for a planet to form? 3. What takes place during accretion? 4. Why is it that the Earth does not have high levels of Hydrogen and Helium compared to other planets? 5. What are the four main elements that make up the Earth s crust? 6. When did the Earth form?

18 Jovian (Gassy Giant) Planets and Terrestrial Planets

19 The Life Cycle of Our Sun Solar Nebula- 4.6 BYA What is the Solar Nebula? Where did the energy come from to start the Sun s formation?

20 The Life Cycle of Our Sun The Sun gains mass and becomes a protostar. How does the Sun gain mass?

21 The Life Cycle of Our Sun The Sun now becomes a star as it has gained the size and energy What caused the Sun to become larger, hotter, and brighter?

22 The Life Cycle of Our Sun The Sun today is about ½ way through its life cycle and will last another 4-5 BY. How does a star such as our Sun stop working?

23 The Life Cycle of Our Sun Our Sun is currently expanding even though we cannot notice it. In ~ 3BY the sun will be about 40% larger. How do you think a Sun that is 40% larger would look in the solar system? What impact do you think that will have on Earth?

24 The Life Cycle of Our Sun The Sun will eventually turn into a Red Giant. What causes a star or the Sun to turn into a Red Giant? What impact do you think that will have on Earth?

25 The Life Cycle of Our Sun The Red Giant will eventually burn out and collapse. As the Red Giant collapses and turns into a White Dwarf, what do you think happens to all the gases found in the outer layer? After all energy is exhausted, it is believed that a White Dwarf will turn into a Black Dwarf.

26 Classification of Stars Not all stars are created equal...nor do they all look the same. What classification of star do you think our Sun is?

27 How did our planets form? CC How did our planets form how is our solar system organized?

28 Video Follow-Up Questions and Discussion 1. What is a key characteristic of planets and how does that kick Pluto out of the planetary gang? 2. When our star formed, its gravitational pull took in what percent of all matter in the solar system? 3. What possibly provided the energy for the Sun to compress and form? 4. What is found between Mars and Jupiter? How did it get there? 5. Where is Pluto located? What else is found there? 6. What occurs during differentiation?

29 Video Follow-Up Questions and Discussion Explain what the Earth was like in its earliest stages? Why was the Hadean Era beneficial? How did the moon form? When the Earth cooled what happened? What does plate tectonics impact?

30 The Coevolution of the Earth and Life on Earth Let s be egocentric (or is it geocentric) and focus on us...the Earth.

31 Video Follow-Up Questions and Discussion 1. All life on Earth share what qualities? 2. What are the key ingredients and conditions needed for life on Earth? 3. Why can there not be life on all planets?

32 The Coevolution of the Earth and Life on Earth From chemicals in the sky to conscious fun-loving humans.

33 Video Follow-Up Questions and Discussion 1. What is photosynthesis? 2. What are prokaryotes and explain why their migration from the bottom of the ocean to the surface is so significant? 3. How do eukaryotes differ from prokaryotes? 4. What advantage does being multicellular have over unicellular? 5. What key change happened due to the development of the brain? 6. What were the benefits and challenges of the advancement from being aquatic to terrestrial (land)? 7. What makes mammals so unique compared to life before it? 8. How do we observe the coevolution of Earth and life on Earth?

34 Wait a second I thought this was Earth Science NOT Chemistry, Physics, and Biology

35 Welcome to Earth Science! NEXT CLASS- QUIZ For the weekend: you can write (NOT TYPE) an essay that encompasses what was learned over the 2 introductory lectures. ~ Don t just write out bullets based on your notes! ~ Write a logical and progressive essay that tells of our transition from nothing to where we are today. ~ You will be able to use your essay on your quiz, you will NOT be able to use bulleted or statement notes