Chapter 18 Reading Quiz Clickers. The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. The Bizarre Stellar Graveyard Pearson Education, Inc.

Transcription

1 Reading Quiz Clickers The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition The Bizarre Stellar Graveyard

2 18.1 White Dwarfs What is a white dwarf? What can happen to a white dwarf in a close binary system?

3 What supports a white dwarf against the crush of gravity? a) thermal pressure b) electron degeneracy pressure c) neutron degeneracy pressure d) proton degeneracy pressure

4 What supports a white dwarf against the crush of gravity? a) thermal pressure b) electron degeneracy pressure c) neutron degeneracy pressure d) proton degeneracy pressure

5 What is the mass limit of a white dwarf? a) 0.8 solar masses b) 1.1 solar masses c) 1.4 solar masses d) 2.0 solar masses e) 8.0 solar masses

6 What is the mass limit of a white dwarf? a) 0.8 solar masses b) 1.1 solar masses c) 1.4 solar masses d) 2.0 solar masses e) 8.0 solar masses

7 How big is a white dwarf? a) the size of a football field b) the size of a city c) the size of the Moon d) the size of Earth e) the size of Jupiter

8 How big is a white dwarf? a) the size of a football field b) the size of a city c) the size of the Moon d) the size of Earth e) the size of Jupiter

9 What is a nova? a) the explosion of the core of a high mass star b) a burst of hydrogen fusion on the surface of a white dwarf c) a burst of carbon fusion in a white dwarf d) a burst of helium fusion in a white dwarf e) radiation from a white dwarf accretion disk

10 What is a nova? a) the explosion of the core of a high mass star b) a burst of hydrogen fusion on the surface of a white dwarf c) a burst of carbon fusion in a white dwarf d) a burst of helium fusion in a white dwarf e) radiation from a white dwarf accretion disk

11 What happens in a white dwarf supernova? a) Carbon fuses throughout the white dwarf. b) Hydrogen fuses on the surface of the white dwarf. c) The white dwarf collapse into a neutron star. d) Helium fuses throughout the white dwarf.

12 What happens in a white dwarf supernova? a) Carbon fuses throughout the white dwarf. b) Hydrogen fuses on the surface of the white dwarf. c) The white dwarf collapse into a neutron star. d) Helium fuses throughout the white dwarf.

13 18.2 Neutron Stars What is a neutron star? How were neutron stars discovered? What can happen to a neutron star in a close binary system?

14 How big is a neutron star? a) the size of a football field b) the size of a city c) the size of the Moon d) the size of Earth e) the size of Jupiter

15 How big is a neutron star? a) the size of a football field b) the size of a city c) the size of the Moon d) the size of Earth e) the size of Jupiter

16 What is a pulsar? a) a high-mass star undergoing thermal pulses due to new shell fusion layers in the interior b) a white dwarf in a binary system periodically going nova as it accretes mass from the binary star c) a white dwarf in a binary system with a hot accretion spot that periodically comes into view as the stars orbit each other d) a rotating neutron star beaming radiation along its magnetic axis

17 What is a pulsar? a) a high-mass star undergoing thermal pulses due to new shell fusion layers in the interior b) a white dwarf in a binary system periodically going nova as it accretes mass from the binary star c) a white dwarf in a binary system with a hot accretion spot that periodically comes into view as the stars orbit each other d) a rotating neutron star beaming radiation along its magnetic axis

18 How do we know pulsars are neutron stars? a) The X-ray intensity is too strong to come from a white dwarf. b) Pulsars spin too fast to be as large as a white dwarf. c) The observed size of the accretion disk is too small to be a white dwarf. d) The radiation shows a gravitational redshift that requires a mass greater than the white dwarf limit.

19 How do we know pulsars are neutron stars? a) The X-ray intensity is too strong to come from a white dwarf. b) Pulsars spin too fast to be as large as a white dwarf. c) The observed size of the accretion disk is too small to be a white dwarf. d) The radiation shows a gravitational redshift that requires a mass greater than the white dwarf limit.

20 What produces X-ray bursts? a) radiation along the magnetic axis of a rapidly rotating neutron star b) radiation from hydrogen fusion on the surface of a neutron star in a binary system c) radiation from helium fusion on the surface of a neutron star in a binary system d) the collapse of a white dwarf into a neutron star e) the collapse of a neutron star into a black hole

21 What produces X-ray bursts? a) radiation along the magnetic axis of a rapidly rotating neutron star b) radiation from hydrogen fusion on the surface of a neutron star in a binary system c) radiation from helium fusion on the surface of a neutron star in a binary system d) the collapse of a white dwarf into a neutron star e) the collapse of a neutron star into a black hole

22 What is the maximum mass of a neutron star? a) 2-3 solar masses b) 5-7 solar masses c) 10 solar masses d) solar masses

23 What is the maximum mass of a neutron star? a) 2-3 solar masses b) 5-7 solar masses c) 10 solar masses d) solar masses

24 18.3 Black Holes: Gravity's Ultimate Victory What is a black hole? What would it be like to visit a black hole? Do black holes really exist?

25 What defines the event horizon? a) the physical surface of a black hole b) the boundary of the observable universe c) the distance from a black hole where the escape velocity equals the speed of light d) the point at which the mass in a star's core cannot be supported and collapses into a black hole

26 What defines the event horizon? a) the physical surface of a black hole b) the boundary of the observable universe c) the distance from a black hole where the escape velocity equals the speed of light d) the point at which the mass in a star's core cannot be supported and collapses into a black hole

27 Which of the following is not a property of a black hole that can be known? a) mass b) temperature c) charge d) angular momentum

28 Which of the following is not a property of a black hole that can be known? a) mass b) temperature c) charge d) angular momentum

29 What happens to time near a black hole? a) It passes more slowly for stationary frames. b) It passes more slowly for moving frames. c) It passes more slowly for all frames. d) It passes more quickly for moving frames. e) It passes more quickly for all frames.

30 What happens to time near a black hole? a) It passes more slowly for stationary frames. b) It passes more slowly for moving frames. c) It passes more slowly for all frames. d) It passes more quickly for moving frames. e) It passes more quickly for all frames.

31 How can we detect a black hole? a) Emission from a black hole accretion disk has a characteristic X-ray spectrum. b) Observing a massive star supernova reveals the mass of the stellar remnant, and if it exceeds 3 solar masses it must be a black hole. c) Observing the orbital motion of a star around a stellar remnant reveals the mass of the stellar remnant, and if it exceeds 3 solar masses it must be a black hole. d) Observation of an X-ray burst reveals the mass of the central object through the gravitational redshift of the X-rays.

32 How can we detect a black hole? a) Emission from a black hole accretion disk has a characteristic X-ray spectrum. b) Observing a massive star supernova reveals the mass of the stellar remnant, and if it exceeds 3 solar masses it must be a black hole. c) Observing the orbital motion of a star around a stellar remnant reveals the mass of the stellar remnant, and if it exceeds 3 solar masses it must be a black hole. d) Observation of an X-ray burst reveals the mass of the central object through the gravitational redshift of the X-rays.

33 18.4 The Origin of Gamma-Ray Bursts What causes gamma-ray bursts?

34 Where do gamma-ray bursts come from? a) the disk of the Milky Way b) the halo of the Milky Way c) the center of the Milky Way d) other galaxies

35 Where do gamma-ray bursts come from? a) the disk of the Milky Way b) the halo of the Milky Way c) the center of the Milky Way d) other galaxies

36 What is the cause of gamma-ray bursts? a) massive star supernovae resulting in black holes b) white dwarf supernovae c) black hole mergers d) all of the above e) A and C

37 What is the cause of gamma-ray bursts? a) massive star supernovae resulting in black holes b) white dwarf supernovae c) black hole mergers d) all of the above e) A and C