Motion. 1. Explain the difference between a scalar and vector quantity, including one example of each in your explanation.

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1 Motion 1. Explain the difference between a scalar and vector quantity, including one example of each in your explanation. 2 Figure below shows graphs of velocity v against time t for two cars A and B travelling along a straight level road in the same direction. At time t = 0, both cars are side-by-side. (i) Describe the motion of car A from t = 0 to t = 10 s (ii) Calculate the distance travelled by car A in the first 4.0 s (iii) Use Figure to find a. the time at which both cars have the same velocity... b. the time t at which car A overtakes car A jet plane on the deck of an aircraft carrier is accelerated before take-off using a catapult. The mass of the plane is kg and it is accelerated from rest to a velocity of 55 m s 1 in a time of 2.2 s. Calculate the acceleration of the plane 5. The mass of the lorry and its load is kg.the velocity is 13 m/s. Calculate its momentum Page 1 of 7

2 Energy and efficiency 1. The picture shows a forklift truck lifting a crate. (a) The mass of the crate is 1200 kg and it is lifted at a steady speed of 0.20 m/s. Calculate the kinetic energy of the crate as it is being lifted. (b) The forklift truck lifts the crate 2.8 m vertically. (i) Calculate the gravitational potential energy gained by the crate. (ii) Calculate the time taken to lift the crate 2.8 m. (iii) Calculate the output power of the forklift truck Waves, light and electromagnetic spectrum 1. Mobile phones emit microwaves. Microwave ovens emit microwaves. Explain why a mobile phone does not have the same heating effect as a microwave oven 2 (a) A student is standing 600m from a firework display. A firework explodes with a loud bang, and a flash of light is seen. Describe how a student can measure the time it takes for the sound wave from the loud bang to travel 600m. (b) Figure 2 shows a water wave. (i) What is the amplitude of this wave? (ii) What is the wavelength of this wave? (c) Water waves are transverse waves. (i) Give one other example of a transverse wave (ii) Give one example of a longitudinal wave Page 2 of 7

3 (d) An earthquake causes a sea wave. This sea wave travels 26400m in two minutes. Calculate the speed of the wave. (e) A tuning fork has a frequency of 384 Hz. Calculate the wavelength of the sound waves emitted by this tuning fork. (The speed of sound is 336 m/s.) 2. This question is about refraction. (a) Diagram1 shows a glass prism XYZ with a narrow beam of white light incident on the face XY. Use diagram 1 to show how a glass prism is used to produce a visible spectrum on a screen. (b) Diagram 2 shows a narrow beam of blue light being deviated by a water droplet. (i) State and explain what is happening at A (ii) State and explain what is happening at B. 3. The diagram shows a converging lens of focal length 4 cm being used as a magnifying glass. An object 1.6 cm tall is placed 2.4 cm from the lens. (a) On the diagram, use a ruler to construct accurately the position and size of the image. You should show how you construct your ray diagram and how light appears to come from the image to the eye. (b) The image is virtual. What is a virtual image? Page 3 of 7

4 Radioactvity 1 (a) Figure shows the structure of an oxygen-14 atom. (i) Complete the four labels on Figure 2. When material is placed between a radioactive source and a detector the count rate depends on the thickness of the material. The graph shows count rate against thickness of lead for a gamma ray source. The count rate values have been corrected for background radiation. (a) The thickness of lead required to reduce the count rate to half is known as the half-value thickness. (i) Explain how count rate values are corrected for background radiation. (ii) Use the graph to determine the half-value thickness of lead (iii) Explain why the gamma ray source used in this investigation should have a long half-life. Astronomy 1. The visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum from a star includes a dark line. This line is at a specific wavelength. The diagram shows the position of the dark line in the spectrum from the Sun and in the spectrum from a distant galaxy. (a)explain how the spectrum rëdshift of the dark line supports the theory that the Universe began from a very small initial point. (b) Until 1965, the majority of scientists believed in the Steady State theory to explain the creation of the universe. Then, following a discovery made in 1965, the Big-Bang theory was favoured. (i) What is the Steady State theory? (ii) What are the main ideas of the Big-Bang theory?. (b) Name one other piece of evidence that supports the theory that the Universe began from a very small initial point Page 4 of 7

5 Electricity 1) An electrician is replacing an old electric shower with a new one. The inside of the old shower is shown in Figure 11. a) The electrician should not change the shower unless he switches off the mains electricity supply. Explain why. b) The new shower has a power output of W when it is connected to the 230 V mains electricity supply.calculate the current passing through the new shower. Give your answer to two significant figures. c) The new shower has a higher power rating than the old shower. How does the power of the new shower affect the cost of using the shower? Give a reason for your answer. 2) The students decide to examine how the cross-sectional area of a piece of wire affects its resistance. He selects some pieces of resistance wire, each im long a) Why should all the pieces of wire be made of the same material? b) Using the standard symbols for electrical components draw a circuit diagram for the circuit that you would use in this experiment in the space below. Page 5 of 7

6 c) Find the resistance of each wire. 3) A bulb heats up when an electric current passes through the filament wire. The current was measured when different voltages were applied across the filament wire shown in the diagram below A V Filament wire a) The graph shows how the current through the filament wire changed as the potential difference across it changed. i) Describe the effect of increasing the potential difference on the current flowing through the filament wire. Current in amps ii)explain this effect in terms of the resistance of the filament wire. Potential difference in volts Page 6 of 7

7 The diagram below shows an electric mains plug. wire X A 3A B (a) Name the parts of the plug labelled A and B. (b) Name the colour of each of the wires X, Y and Z. (3) (2) wire Y wire Z (c) Name a suitable material for the case of the plug.. (1) (d) Electric fires have three wires connected in the plug. One is the live wire to feed electric current in, another is the neutral (return) wire. (e) (i) What is the third wire called? (1) (ii) Why is it important that the third wire is also connected? The diagram below shows a badly wired mains plug. (1) Look at the plug carefully. What four changes should be made to make the plug safe? Page 7 of 7

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