NON-THERMAL EMISSION FROM THE INTERACTION OF EXTRAGALACTIC JETS WITH STARS

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Justin Stephens
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with Núria Torres-Albà (1) and Valentí Bosch-Ramon (1)

edu 1 Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica, Institut

1 NON-THERMAL EMISSION FROM THE INTERACTION OF EXTRAGALACTIC JETS WITH STARS Florencia L. Vieyro (1,2)* In coll. with Núria Torres-Albà (1) and Valentí Bosch-Ramon (1) 1 Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICC), Universitat de Barcelona 2 Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía (IAR), CCT La Plata, Argentina

2 ASTROPHYSICAL JETS: AN UBIQUITOUS PHENOMENON Jets associated with accretion onto a compact object Active Galactic Nuclei X-ray binaries Gamma-ray burst Cygnus A VLA(red), Hubble (yellow) and Chandra (blue)

3 ASTROPHYSICAL JETS: AN UBIQUITOUS PHENOMENON Jets associated with accretion onto a compact object Active Galactic Nuclei X-ray binaries Gamma-ray burst 1E Mirabel et al. 1992

4 ASTROPHYSICAL JETS: AN UBIQUITOUS PHENOMENON Jets associated with accretion onto a compact object Active Galactic Nuclei X-ray binaries Gamma-ray burst

5 ASTROPHYSICAL JETS: AN UBIQUITOUS PHENOMENON Jets associated with accretion onto a compact object Active Galactic Nuclei X-ray binaries Gamma-ray burst Young Stellar Objects HH 212. Credit: ESO/M. McCaughrean

6 AGNs

7 AGNs

8 AGNs Relativistic jets Accretion disk Black hole

9 AGN ZOO

10 JETS AND OBSTACLES BLR clouds Dar & Laor (1997) Araudo et al (2010) NLR clouds Steffen (1997) Stars Bednarek & Protheroe (1997) Barkov et al (2010) Araudo et al (2013) Bosch-Ramon (2015) de la Cita et al (2016) Globular clusters Bednarek & Banasinski (2015) Image credit: Brooks/Cole Thomson

11 JETS AND OBSTACLES BLR clouds Dar & Laor (1997) Araudo et al (2010) NLR clouds Steffen (1997) Stars Bednarek & Protheroe (1997) Barkov et al (2010) Araudo et al (2013) Bosch-Ramon (2015) de la Cita et al (2016) Globular clusters Bednarek & Banasinski (2015) Image credit: Brooks/Cole Thomson

12 JET DECELERATION FR I FR II

13 JET DECELERATION Jet deceleration Mixing in a turbulent shear layer De Young (1986, 1993) Bicknell (1994) Wang et al.( 2009) Mass loading by stellar winds Komissarov (1994) Bowman et al. (1996) Perucho et al. (2014) FR I

14 JETS AND STARS: TRANSIENT EVENTS Interactions of a WR star with a jet at small z might be detectable for nearby sources (Araudo et al. 2013) For standing shocks where radiative losses dominate over advection, the emission could be masked by beaming in blazar-type sources Jet+star interactions for the gamma-ray outbursts of 3C454.3 (Barkov et al. 2010)

15 JETS AND STARS Some additional considerations: Detailed characterization of stellar population Include different effects found in recent numerical simulations Transport of relativistic particles along the jet

16 BASIC SCENARIO

22 e e e e e

24 SINGLE INTERACTION e e L D 4 S NT j 2 rad S o j f

25 SINGLE INTERACTION R sp L D 4 S NT j 2 rad S o j f

26 SINGLE INTERACTION R sp L D 4 S NT j 2 rad S o j f S ~ 100 R 0 sp 2 Bosch-Ramon (2015)

27 SINGLE INTERACTION e e L D 4 S NT j 2 rad S o j f D 1 [1 cos( i)] Bosch-Ramon (2015)

28 SINGLE INTERACTION NT j 2 rad e e j 1 L D 4 S S o f f rad t 1 1 rad trad t nrad Bosch-Ramon (2015)

29 MULTIPLE INTERACTIONS z ( ) n z L f ( z) n ( z) NT j 2 rad S j 4 dl ( z) D S NT o dv dl ( z) zmax L NT R 2 ( z) dz NT j zmin dv z min

30 TWO TYPE OF GALAXY HOSTS A nearby elliptical galaxy, with old stellar population, composed mostly by red giant stars. Fiducial galaxy: Messier 87 Starburst galaxies, with OB stars A local galaxy with a weak jet, and very high SFR, e.g., Markarian 231 An intermediate distance galaxy, with powerful jets, and moderate/high SFR, e.g., Cygnus A

31 ELLIPTICAL GALAXY: M87 Galaxy properties d 16 Mpc Jet parameters L j max 10 erg s , 0.1 i 20 z 5 kpc

32 ELLIPTICAL GALAXY: M87 Stars distributed spherically, with a density n ( r) Ar, 1 2 * N R b , 3.1 kpc * Stars within the jet of M87 ~10 6

33 M87 D 4 S zmax L L o f ( z) n ( z) R 2 ( z) dz NT NT j 2 rad j z S min j 8.1 frad 1, z E ' ( mc ) e kt GeV L 2 L NT 10 NT j

34 Mrk 231 Galaxy properties Jet parameters Stellar population d 180 Mpc SFR h L j disk 350M yr 12 pc 10 erg s , 0.1 i 10 Sun 1 n z n z h * 0 disk 4 T 310 K * ( ) ( ) Image from NRAO/AUI

35 Mrk 231 D 4 S zmax L L o f ( z) n ( z) R 2 ( z) dz NT NT j 2 rad j z S min j 30 E 10 GeV f 0.5, z 10pc rad E ' ( mc ) e kt 2 2 * 10 GeV 2 L 710 L NT NT j

36 Cygnus A-ish Galaxy properties Jet parameters i Stellar population L j d 237 Mpc SFR 100M yr h disk 10 erg s , 1/ 0 50 pc Sun 1 n z n z h * 0 disk 4 T 310 K * ( ) ( ) Image from NRAO/AUI

37 Cygnus A-ish D 4 S zmax L L o f ( z) n ( z) R 2 ( z) dz NT NT j 2 rad j z S min j 460 E 10 GeV f 1, z h rad d E ' ( mc ) e kt 2 2 * 10 GeV L L NT NT j

38 NON-THERMAL PARTICLE INJECTION Injection function Normalization Particle transport v j N '( E ', z) z a Q( E ', z) Q ( z) E ' exp( E '/ E ' ) 0 max( z ) 1 S o Q ( z) dl ( z) n ( z) 0 NT 2 j S j de'( E ', z) / dt N '( E ', z) E' Q'( E ', z)

39 SED: M87 2 1

40 SED: Mrk 231

41 SED: Cygnus A*

42 FINAL REMARKS Accurate prescriptions to characterize the stellar populations in different galaxy hosts We estimate the energy injected in relativistic particles, and study the transport of electrons dragged by the jet Analytical estimations overestimate the luminosities by a factor of ~10 The non-thermal emission from jet-star interactions on large scales may represent a non-negligible (persistent) contribution to gamma rays IC against additional sources of photons (e.g., IR emission from starburst, CMB) can contribute significantly to the nonthermal luminosity for blazar-type sources

43 Thank you!

Mass-loading and non-thermal emission from AGN jets interacting with stellar populations

Mass-loading and non-thermal emission from AGN jets interacting with stellar populations NÚRIA TORRES-ALBÀ (1)* *ntorres@fqa.ub.edu IN COLL. W ITH V. BOSCH- RAMON (1) AND F. L. VIEYRO (1,2) 1 Departament