Stars. For Jupiter: M/Msun = 0.001

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Stars. For Jupiter: M/Msun = 0.001"

Transcription

1 Stars Stars are classified by spectral classes O,B,A,F,G,K,M Oh be a fine girl (or guy), kiss me! Key here is the effective temperature of the star (surface temperature) Difference in spectrum is due to temperature on the surface of the star See color spectrum of O,B,A,F,G,K, and M in the image to the right ->

2 Stars For Jupiter: M/Msun = 0.001

3 Special classes (Right Now!) R-class stars Stars Like K-class except lots of carbon N-class stars Like M-class except lots of carbon S-class stars Like M-class except with zirconium oxide and lanthanum oxide bands WN and WC are Wolf-Rayet stars Like O-class except carbon and nitrogen emission lines (strong)

4 We can determine some characteristics of stars using simple physical law Distance Stars Discussed in lecture 3 Standard candle (Cepheid Variable) Temperature Wien's Law Spectral Class Luminosity Use inverse square law and apparent brightness Class of spectrum

5 Stars Stellar spectrum can look different for the same spectral class of stars Some have broader lines then others This means different properties in the same spectral class To resolve this another class was developed Luminosity Class Same temperature Different luminosity

6 Stars The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram (H-R) Grand graph that relates spectral class, luminosity, temperature, mass, size, etc. Useful for understanding stars evolution Majority of stars are in the main sequence Our own Sun

7 Stars Another example of the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram (H-R) Wikipedia's example Here you see the different stars as points Note the majority (~90%) of points are in the main sequence

8 Stars The spectral temperature luminosity graph is like a Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram (H-R) but is usually for smaller samples like a cluster or galaxy Wikipedia's example Similar to HR diagram, but is different and requires a conversion from one to another

9 Stars Important to the H-R diagram Apparent magnitude What we see Dimmer if further away Absolute magnitude Total energy output per second Apparent magnitude if the object is 10 parsecs away Parsec is about light-years

10 Stars Periodic gives absolute magnitude With absolute magnitude and apparent magnitude can figure out distance of stars As objects get more distance their brightness will dim Inverse square law

11 Betelgeuse (example star) Betelgeuse Alpha Orionis (in Orion) (Arabic derived name) Red massive supergiant Nearing end of life Will be a supernova If this star was in our solar system it surface would be passed Jupiter Image is the first of a surface of a star other than our sun (~2010) Interferometry was used to get this image Other star s surfaces have been imaged since

12 Betelgeuse spectrum Betelgeuse spectrum Upper end of spectrum By Raymond Gilchrist - The spectrum appears on a website entitled, "Betelgeuse Graph and Spectrum"

13 Example Stars Antares Red supergiant One of brightest stars in the sky In Scorpius (Alpha Scorpii) Nebula around the star was expelled by Antares Companion blue star Lower left corner Also shown Rho Ophiuchi (star with blue surrounding it) and Sigma Scorpii (Cephei-type star with red surrounding it)

14 Example Stars Canopus One of brightest stars in the sky In Carina (Alpha Carinae) Supergiant

15 Example Stars Aldebaran In Taurus (Alpha Tauri) Means the follower from Arabic because if follows the Seven Sisters across the sky Giant Could have solar system

16 Example Stars Mira Red Giant Star Companion is a white dwarf star possibly causing the strange perturbation in the picture

17 Example Stars Sirius B White Dwarf Companion to the brighter Sirius-A Not known until 1862, however predicted by the motion of Sirius-A Diameter 8400 km (smaller than the Earth, however as massive as the Sun)

18 Example Stars (Main Achenar (in Eridanus) Derived from Arabic Alpha Eridani Blue-white Oblate Star...spins very rapidly! Bright star, but in the Southern Hemisphere... sequence)

19 Example Stars (Main Altair (Atair) In Aquila (Alpha Aquilae) 12 th brightest star Oblate because of rapid rotation White star sequence)

20 Example Stars (Main Barnard's Star In Ophiuchus Large proper motion Discovered by E.E. Barnard Red dwarf Flared in 1998, so might be a flare star Sequence)

21 Example Stars (Main Proxima Centauri Red Dwarf Flare Star Nearest star to the Sun Part of Alpha Centauri system Sequence)

22 Evolution of a star (quickly) Interstellar medium (dust) Contraction of the Cloud Proto-star Young star Medium star Mature star (contracts almost all helium now) Red Giant Helium Flash Helium Star Bye-Bye White Dwarf (small stars) Supernova (medium to large stars) Remnants may become black dwarfs Or black holes

StarTalk. Sanjay Yengul May "To know ourselves, we must know the stars."

StarTalk. Sanjay Yengul May To know ourselves, we must know the stars. StarTalk Sanjay Yengul May 2016 "To know ourselves, we must know the stars." Twinkle Twinkle How many stars are there? How big are these stars? Picture of night sky What are they made of? Why do they shine?

More information

H-R Diagram Lab. Vocabulary:

H-R Diagram Lab. Vocabulary: H-R Diagram Lab Vocabulary: luminosity: brightness dependent on a star s size; temperature and distance spectral class: classification of stars by their spectrum and luminosity magnitude: measure of the

More information

The Hertzsprung - Russell Diagram Laboratory 11

The Hertzsprung - Russell Diagram Laboratory 11 The Hertzsprung - Russell Diagram Laboratory 11 Objective: In this laboratory a random sample of stars will be used to create a HR Diagram. From the diagram it will be determined which category certain

More information

The Hertzprung-Russell (HR) Diagram

The Hertzprung-Russell (HR) Diagram Name: Partner(s): 1102 or 3311: Desk # Date: The Hertzprung-Russell (HR) Diagram Purpose Reproduce Hertzsprung s and Russell s simultaneous discovery Investigate the relationships between luminosity, mass,

More information

Lecture Outlines. Chapter 17. Astronomy Today 8th Edition Chaisson/McMillan Pearson Education, Inc.

Lecture Outlines. Chapter 17. Astronomy Today 8th Edition Chaisson/McMillan Pearson Education, Inc. Lecture Outlines Chapter 17 Astronomy Today 8th Edition Chaisson/McMillan Chapter 17 Measuring the Stars Units of Chapter 17 17.1 The Solar Neighborhood 17.2 Luminosity and Apparent Brightness 17.3 Stellar

More information

Astron 104 Laboratory #8 The H-R Diagram

Astron 104 Laboratory #8 The H-R Diagram Name: Date: Section: Astron 104 Laboratory #8 The H-R Diagram Section 10.1, 10.5 Introduction The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, or H-R diagram for short, relates two fundamental properties of stars and

More information

Chapter 9: Measuring the Stars

Chapter 9: Measuring the Stars Chapter 9: Measuring the Stars About 10 11 (100,000,000,000) stars in a galaxy; also about 10 11 galaxies in the universe Stars have various major characteristics, the majority of which fall into several

More information

Each star is born with a specific mass. This mass is the main factor in determining the star s brightness, temperature, expected lifetime, type of

Each star is born with a specific mass. This mass is the main factor in determining the star s brightness, temperature, expected lifetime, type of Each star is born with a specific mass. This mass is the main factor in determining the star s brightness, temperature, expected lifetime, type of death, and spectra. Stars are classified according to

More information

HR Diagram Lab. Area 1 Area 4. Area 5. Area 2. Area 6 Area 3

HR Diagram Lab. Area 1 Area 4. Area 5. Area 2. Area 6 Area 3 Name / 65 pts HR Diagram Lab Introduction Some of the greatest advances concerning the nature of stars have come about by comparing their properties using graphs. In the early 1900 s, while studying the

More information

Lecture 16 The Measuring the Stars 3/26/2018

Lecture 16 The Measuring the Stars 3/26/2018 Lecture 16 The Measuring the Stars 3/26/2018 Test 2 Results D C B A Questions that I thought were unfair: 13, 18, 25, 76, 77, 80 Curved from 85 to 79 Measuring stars How far away are they? How bright are

More information

GALAXIES AND STARS. 2. Which star has a higher luminosity and a lower temperature than the Sun? A Rigel B Barnard s Star C Alpha Centauri D Aldebaran

GALAXIES AND STARS. 2. Which star has a higher luminosity and a lower temperature than the Sun? A Rigel B Barnard s Star C Alpha Centauri D Aldebaran GALAXIES AND STARS 1. Compared with our Sun, the star Betelgeuse is A smaller, hotter, and less luminous B smaller, cooler, and more luminous C larger, hotter, and less luminous D larger, cooler, and more

More information

How can we use an H-R diagram to know where a star is in its life cycle?

How can we use an H-R diagram to know where a star is in its life cycle? How can we use an H-R diagram to know where a star is in its life cycle? Just like humans, stars go through a life cycle. Over the course of their lives, stars change in ways that make each stage different

More information

Review Questions for the new topics that will be on the Final Exam

Review Questions for the new topics that will be on the Final Exam Review Questions for the new topics that will be on the Final Exam Be sure to review the lecture-tutorials and the material we covered on the first three exams. How does speed differ from velocity? Give

More information

Stars III The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram

Stars III The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram Stars III The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram Attendance Quiz Are you here today? (a) yes Here! (b) no (c) here is such a 90 s concept Today s Topics (first half) Spectral sequence and spectral types Spectral

More information

Galaxies and Stars. 3. Base your answer to the following question on The reaction below represents an energy-producing process.

Galaxies and Stars. 3. Base your answer to the following question on The reaction below represents an energy-producing process. Galaxies and Stars 1. To an observer on Earth, the Sun appears brighter than the star Rigel because the Sun is A) hotter than Rigel B) more luminous than Rigel C) closer than Rigel D) larger than Rigel

More information

Measuring stellar distances.

Measuring stellar distances. Measuring stellar distances This method can be used to measure distances up to 100pc Some new technology allows measuring distances up to 200pc using this method p= 1/d Stellar Parallax.htm This method

More information

ASTRONOMY QUIZ NUMBER 11

ASTRONOMY QUIZ NUMBER 11 ASTRONOMY QUIZ NUMBER. Suppose you measure the parallax of a star and find 0. arsecond. The distance to this star is A) 0 light-years B) 0 parsecs C) 0. light-year D) 0. parsec 2. A star is moving toward

More information

Chapter 15: Surveying the Stars

Chapter 15: Surveying the Stars Chapter 15 Lecture Chapter 15: Surveying the Stars Surveying the Stars 15.1 Properties of Stars Our goals for learning: How do we measure stellar luminosities? How do we measure stellar temperatures? How

More information

18. Which graph best represents the relationship between the number of sunspots and the amount of magnetic activity in the Sun?

18. Which graph best represents the relationship between the number of sunspots and the amount of magnetic activity in the Sun? 1. Which star has a surface temperature most similar to the surface temperature of Alpha Centauri? A) Polaris B) Betelgeuse C) Procyon B D) Sirius 2. Giant stars have greater luminosity than our sun mainly

More information

λ = 650 nm = c = m s 1 f =? c = fλ f = c λ = ( m s 1 ) ( m) = = Hz T = 1 f 4.

λ = 650 nm = c = m s 1 f =? c = fλ f = c λ = ( m s 1 ) ( m) = = Hz T = 1 f 4. Chapter 13 Stars Section 13.1 Astronomical measurements Worked example: Try yourself 13.1.1 CALCULATING THE FREQUENCY AND PERIOD OF LIGHT The speed of light in a vacuum is approximately 3.0 10 8 m s 1.

More information

Daily Science 04/04/2017

Daily Science 04/04/2017 Daily Science 04/04/2017 Which statement best describes the difference between type A stars and type B stars as shown in the diagram? a. Type A stars burn for a shorter amount of time than type B stars.

More information

Homework 2 AST 301, Sections and 46850, Spring NAME Student EID Score: on last page. Due Tuesday, March 1, 2016

Homework 2 AST 301, Sections and 46850, Spring NAME Student EID Score: on last page. Due Tuesday, March 1, 2016 Homework 2 AST 301, Sections 46845 and 46850, Spring 2016 NAME Student EID Score: on last page Due Tuesday, March 1, 2016 Questions A C should help you to understand the properties of light. Show your

More information

The Cosmic Perspective. Surveying the Properties of Stars. Surveying the Stars. How do we measure stellar luminosities?

The Cosmic Perspective. Surveying the Properties of Stars. Surveying the Stars. How do we measure stellar luminosities? Surveying the Stars Chapter 15 Lecture The Cosmic Perspective 15.1 Properties of Stars Our goals for learning: How do we measure stellar luminosities? How do we measure stellar temperatures? How do we

More information

TEK 8 Test Review. 15. Galaxies are best described as -

TEK 8 Test Review. 15. Galaxies are best described as - TEK 8 Test Review 1. List the three subatomic particles and give each of their masses. 2. Describe and draw an illustration (Bohr Model) of the most common element in the Universe. 3. Describe and draw

More information

Astron 104 Laboratory #9 The H-R Diagram

Astron 104 Laboratory #9 The H-R Diagram Name: Date: Section: Astron 104 Laboratory #9 The H-R Diagram Section 10.1, 10.5 If we know the temperature of a star (or its Spectral Type) and the stars intrinsic brightness (or luminosity), a great

More information

Lecture 10: The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram Reading: Sections

Lecture 10: The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram Reading: Sections Lecture 10: The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram Reading: Sections 19.7-19.8 Key Ideas The Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) Diagram Plot of Luminosity vs. Temperature for stars Features: Main Sequence Giant & Supergiant

More information

Calculating Main Sequence Lifetimes

Calculating Main Sequence Lifetimes Calculating Main Sequence ifetimes At the beginning of the twentieth century two astronomers, the Danish E. Hertzsprung and the American H. N. Russell, established a correlation between two important stellar

More information

PHYS103 Sec 901 Hour Exam No. 3 Practice Version 1 Page: 1

PHYS103 Sec 901 Hour Exam No. 3 Practice Version 1 Page: 1 PHYS103 Sec 901 Hour Exam No. 3 Practice Version 1 Page: 1 PHYS103 Sec 901 Hour Exam No. 3 Practice Version 1 Page: 2 1 The HR diagram of a young, open cluster typically shows a. the entire main sequence

More information

HOMEWORK - Chapter 17 The Stars

HOMEWORK - Chapter 17 The Stars Astronomy 20 HOMEWORK - Chapter 7 The Stars Use a calculator whenever necessary. For full credit, always show your work and explain how you got your answer in full, complete sentences on a separate sheet

More information

Spectral Classification of Stars

Spectral Classification of Stars Department of Physics and Geology Spectral Classification of Stars Astronomy 1402 Part 1: Background Spectral Classification of Stars 1.1 Spectral Types: O, B, A, F, G, K, M On a dark, clear night far

More information

Properties of Stars & H-R Diagram

Properties of Stars & H-R Diagram Properties of Stars & H-R Diagram What is a star? A cloud of gas, mainly hydrogen and helium The core is so hot/dense that nuclear fusion can occur. The fusion converts light nuclei (elements) into heavier

More information

the nature of the universe, galaxies, and stars can be determined by observations over time by using telescopes

the nature of the universe, galaxies, and stars can be determined by observations over time by using telescopes the nature of the universe, galaxies, and stars can be determined by observations over time by using telescopes The spectral lines of stars tell us their approximate composition Remember last year in Physics?

More information

Chapter 10 Measuring the Stars

Chapter 10 Measuring the Stars Chapter 10 Measuring the Stars Some of the topics included in this chapter Stellar parallax Distance to the stars Stellar motion Luminosity and apparent brightness of stars The magnitude scale Stellar

More information

Galaxies Galore. Types of Galaxies: Star Clusters. Spiral spinning wit arms Elliptical roundish Irregular no set pattern

Galaxies Galore. Types of Galaxies: Star Clusters. Spiral spinning wit arms Elliptical roundish Irregular no set pattern Stars Studying Stars Astronomers use a spectroscope to study the movement of stars Blue shift towards earth Red shift away from earth Change in a wavelength moving toward or away from earth is the Doppler

More information

E1. This question is about stars. (a) Distinguish between apparent magnitude and absolute magnitude. [2]

E1. This question is about stars. (a) Distinguish between apparent magnitude and absolute magnitude. [2] 1 Option E Astrophysics M09/4/PHYSI/SP3/ENG/TZ1/XX+ E1. This question is about stars. (a) Distinguish between apparent magnitude and absolute magnitude. [2] apparent magnitude is a measure of how bright

More information

Y Centauri A 6. Alpha O Centauri B 7. Alpha

Y Centauri A 6. Alpha O Centauri B 7. Alpha H-R Star Spectrum Lab The H-R diagram, as it s known for short, plots a star s luminosity its true brightness against its surface temperature in Kelvin. Are there patterns that emerge and what does this

More information

What do the Roman numerals mean and how do stars die

What do the Roman numerals mean and how do stars die What do the Roman numerals mean and how do stars die What is luminosity? Luminosity is the energy emitted from a star, or basically how bright it is compared to our Sun The higher the luminosity, the higher

More information

Chapter 15 Lecture. The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. Surveying the Stars Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 15 Lecture. The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. Surveying the Stars Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 15 Lecture The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition Surveying the Stars 15.1 Properties of Stars Our goals for learning: How do we measure stellar luminosities? How do we measure stellar temperatures?

More information

Chapter 15 Surveying the Stars Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 15 Surveying the Stars Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 15 Surveying the Stars 15.1 Properties of Stars Our goals for learning: How do we measure stellar luminosities? How do we measure stellar temperatures? How do we measure stellar masses? 1. How

More information

Test ABCDE. 1. What is the oldest era on the geological timescale? A. Precambrian B. Paleozoic C. Mesozoic D. Cenozoic

Test ABCDE. 1. What is the oldest era on the geological timescale? A. Precambrian B. Paleozoic C. Mesozoic D. Cenozoic Test - 8.8 ABCDE 1. What is the oldest era on the geological timescale? A. Precambrian B. Paleozoic C. Mesozoic D. Cenozoic 2. A light-year is defined as- F. the distance from Earth to the Sun. G. the

More information

Book page cgrahamphysics.com Stellar Spectra

Book page cgrahamphysics.com Stellar Spectra Book page 650-652 Stellar Spectra Emission and absorption Spectra The black lines of the absorption spectrum match up with the bright lines of the emission spectrum Spectra unique to each element Emission

More information

THE STARS. Information and contacts: -

THE STARS. Information and contacts:  - THE STARS G. Iafrate (a), M. Ramella (a) and V. Bologna (b) (a) INAF - Astronomical Observatory of Trieste (b) Istituto Comprensivo S. Giovanni Sc. Sec. di primo grado M. Codermatz" - Trieste Information

More information

Parallax: Measuring the distance to Stars

Parallax: Measuring the distance to Stars Measuring the Stars Parallax: Measuring the distance to Stars Use Earth s orbit as baseline Parallactic angle = 1/2 angular shift Distance from the Sun required for a star to have a parallactic angle of

More information

Directions: For numbers 1-30 please choose the letter that best fits the description.

Directions: For numbers 1-30 please choose the letter that best fits the description. Directions: For numbers 1-30 please choose the letter that best fits the description. 1. The main force responsible for the formation of the universe is: a. Gravity b. Frictional force c. Magnetic force

More information

Phys 100 Astronomy (Dr. Ilias Fernini) Review Questions for Chapter 9

Phys 100 Astronomy (Dr. Ilias Fernini) Review Questions for Chapter 9 Phys 0 Astronomy (Dr. Ilias Fernini) Review Questions for Chapter 9 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. We know that giant stars are larger in diameter than the sun because * a. they are more luminous but have about the

More information

Get ready for quiz # 5! Get out a ½ sheet and Calculator

Get ready for quiz # 5! Get out a ½ sheet and Calculator Get ready for quiz # 5! Get out a ½ sheet and Calculator The above image shows the solar eclipse earlier this month as covered and uncovered by several different solar observatories. The innermost image

More information

Stellar Evolution Notes

Stellar Evolution Notes Name: Block: Stellar Evolution Notes Stars mature, grow old and die. The more massive a star is, the shorter its life will be. Our Sun will live about 10 billion years. It is already 5 billion years old,

More information

Atlantis Challenger Columbia. Discovery Endeavour Enterprise

Atlantis Challenger Columbia. Discovery Endeavour Enterprise T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 SCORE: 150 / 150 + Bonus 2 KEY: Alternative, acceptable answers are given in brackets Bonus: Name NASA s 6 space shuttles 1 bonus point per 3 correct answers. (2 pts total) Atlantis Challenger

More information

Instructions. Students will underline the portions of the PowerPoint that are underlined.

Instructions. Students will underline the portions of the PowerPoint that are underlined. STARS Instructions Students will underline the portions of the PowerPoint that are underlined. Nuclear Furnace 1. A star is like a gigantic nuclear furnace. 2. The nuclear reactions inside convert hydrogen

More information

Chapter 15 Surveying the Stars Properties of Stars

Chapter 15 Surveying the Stars Properties of Stars Chapter 15 Surveying the Stars 15.1 Properties of Stars Our goals for learning: How do we measure stellar luminosities? How do we measure stellar temperatures? How do we measure stellar masses? Luminosity:

More information

Chapter 21 Earth Science 11

Chapter 21 Earth Science 11 Chapter 21 Earth Science 11 Constellations Constellation: A group of stars that appear to form patterns in the sky. 88 different constellations can be seen from the Northern and Southern hemispheres Best

More information

Chapter 15 Surveying the Stars

Chapter 15 Surveying the Stars Chapter 15 Surveying the Stars 15.1 Properties of Stars Our goals for learning How do we measure stellar luminosities? How do we measure stellar temperatures? How do we measure stellar masses? How do we

More information

Chapter 28 Stars and Their Characteristics

Chapter 28 Stars and Their Characteristics Chapter 28 Stars and Their Characteristics Origin of the Universe Big Bang Theory about 10-20 bya all matter in the universe existed in a hot dense state about the size of an atom (tiny). That matter sort

More information

Gaia Launched in Dec D map of the stars near Sun = 10% of Galaxy Measure the positions of a billion stars to brightness V=20 Precise to

Gaia Launched in Dec D map of the stars near Sun = 10% of Galaxy Measure the positions of a billion stars to brightness V=20 Precise to Gaia Launched in Dec 2013 3D map of the stars near Sun = 10% of Galaxy Measure the positions of a billion stars to brightness V=20 Precise to 0.000024 arcseconds = hair at 1000km Accurate distance, position,

More information

Astronomy Part 1 Regents Questions

Astronomy Part 1 Regents Questions Regents Questions 1. The Sun revolves around the center of A) Polaris B) Aldebaran C) Earth D) the Milky Way Galaxy 4. In which sequence are the items listed from least total mass to greatest total mass?

More information

Friday, March 21, 2014 Reading for Exam 3: End of Section 6.6 (Type Ia binary evolution), 6.7 (radioactive decay), Chapter 7 (SN 1987A), NOT Chapter

Friday, March 21, 2014 Reading for Exam 3: End of Section 6.6 (Type Ia binary evolution), 6.7 (radioactive decay), Chapter 7 (SN 1987A), NOT Chapter Friday, March 21, 2014 Reading for Exam 3: End of Section 6.6 (Type Ia binary evolution), 6.7 (radioactive decay), Chapter 7 (SN 1987A), NOT Chapter 8 (Neutron Stars), keep for Exam 4. Background: Sections

More information

They developed a graph, called the H-R diagram, that relates the temperature of a star to its absolute magnitude.

They developed a graph, called the H-R diagram, that relates the temperature of a star to its absolute magnitude. Ejnar Hertzsprung and Henry Russell noticed that stars with higher temperatures and large sizes also have brighter absolute magnitudes the actual amount of light given off by a star. (also referred to

More information

8.8A describe components of the universe, including stars, nebulae, galaxies and use models such as HR diagrams for classification

8.8A describe components of the universe, including stars, nebulae, galaxies and use models such as HR diagrams for classification 8.8A describe components of the universe, including stars, nebulae, galaxies and use models such as HR diagrams for classification 8.8B recognize that the Sun is a medium-sized star near the edge of a

More information

The physics of stars. A star begins simply as a roughly spherical ball of (mostly) hydrogen gas, responding only to gravity and it s own pressure.

The physics of stars. A star begins simply as a roughly spherical ball of (mostly) hydrogen gas, responding only to gravity and it s own pressure. Lecture 4 Stars The physics of stars A star begins simply as a roughly spherical ball of (mostly) hydrogen gas, responding only to gravity and it s own pressure. X-ray ultraviolet infrared radio To understand

More information

Astronomy Ch. 20 Stellar Evolution. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Astronomy Ch. 20 Stellar Evolution. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Name: Period: Date: Astronomy Ch. 20 Stellar Evolution MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) A star (no matter what its mass) spends

More information

Astronomy Ch. 20 Stellar Evolution. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Astronomy Ch. 20 Stellar Evolution. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Name: Period: Date: Astronomy Ch. 20 Stellar Evolution MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) A star (no matter what its mass) spends

More information

Lecture 26 The Hertzsprung- Russell Diagram January 13b, 2014

Lecture 26 The Hertzsprung- Russell Diagram January 13b, 2014 1 Lecture 26 The Hertzsprung- Russell Diagram January 13b, 2014 2 Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram Hertzsprung and Russell found a correlation between luminosity and spectral type (temperature) 10000 Hot, bright

More information

Lecture 21 Formation of Stars November 15, 2017

Lecture 21 Formation of Stars November 15, 2017 Lecture 21 Formation of Stars November 15, 2017 1 2 Birth of Stars Stars originally condense out of a COLD, interstellar cloud composed of H and He + trace elements. cloud breaks into clumps (gravity)

More information

CONTENT EXPECTATIONS

CONTENT EXPECTATIONS THE SUN & THE STARS CONTENT EXPECTATIONS STARS What are stars? Are they all the same? What makes them different? What is our nearest star? THE SUN Why is it important? provides heat and light that we need

More information

Astronomy 210. Outline. Stellar Properties. The Mosquito Dilemma. Solar Observing & HW9 due April 15 th Stardial 2 is available.

Astronomy 210. Outline. Stellar Properties. The Mosquito Dilemma. Solar Observing & HW9 due April 15 th Stardial 2 is available. Astronomy 210 Outline This Class (Lecture 31): Stars: Spectra and the H-R Diagram Next Class: Life and Death of the Sun Solar Observing & HW9 due April 15 th Stardial 2 is available. The Mosquito dilemma

More information

Based on the reduction of the intensity of the light from a star with distance. It drops off with the inverse square of the distance.

Based on the reduction of the intensity of the light from a star with distance. It drops off with the inverse square of the distance. 6/28 Based on the reduction of the intensity of the light from a star with distance. It drops off with the inverse square of the distance. Intensity is power per unit area of electromagnetic radiation.

More information

Chapter 11 Review. 1) Light from distant stars that must pass through dust arrives bluer than when it left its star. 1)

Chapter 11 Review. 1) Light from distant stars that must pass through dust arrives bluer than when it left its star. 1) Chapter 11 Review TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 1) Light from distant stars that must pass through dust arrives bluer than when it left its star. 1)

More information

Questions. theonlinephysicstutor.com. facebook.com/theonlinephysicstutor. Name: Edexce Black Body. Date: Time: Total marks available:

Questions. theonlinephysicstutor.com. facebook.com/theonlinephysicstutor. Name: Edexce Black Body. Date: Time: Total marks available: Name: Edexce Black Body Date: Time: Total marks available: Total marks achieved: Questions Q1. A lamp consists of a filament in a vacuum. Under normal working conditions the filament has a temperature

More information

a. Star A c. The two stars are the same distance b. Star B d. Not enough information

a. Star A c. The two stars are the same distance b. Star B d. Not enough information Name: Astro 102 S17 Test 1 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Your test is Version A. Please fill in the circle for A for this question on

More information

Goal - to understand what makes supernovae shine (Section 6.7).

Goal - to understand what makes supernovae shine (Section 6.7). Wednesday, March 11, 2015 (Class Friday) Reading for Exam 3: Chapter 6, end of Section 6 (binary evolution), Section 6.7 (radioactive decay), Chapter 7 (SN 1987A) Background in Chapters 3, 4, 5. Background:

More information

Science Olympiad Astronomy Event Division C. Supervisor: JoDee Baker.

Science Olympiad Astronomy Event Division C. Supervisor: JoDee Baker. Science Olympiad Astronomy Event Division C Supervisor: JoDee Baker email: jbakermaloney@gmail.com From 2013 National Rules: ASTRONOMY, Division C DESCRIPTION: Students will demonstrate an understanding

More information

Review Chapter 10. 2) A parsec is slightly more than 200,000 AU. 2)

Review Chapter 10. 2) A parsec is slightly more than 200,000 AU. 2) Review Chapter 10 TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 1) A parsec is about 3.3 light-years. 1) 2) A parsec is slightly more than 200,000 AU. 2) 3) The nearest

More information

Stars I. Distance and Magnitude. How Does One Measure Distance? Distances. Stellar Parallax. Distance Equation some examples!

Stars I. Distance and Magnitude. How Does One Measure Distance? Distances. Stellar Parallax. Distance Equation some examples! Stars I Distance and Magnitude Chapter 17 Why doesn t comparison work? Distances The nearest star (Alpha Centauri) is 40 trillion kilometers away(4 ly) Distance is one of the most important quantities

More information

Stars and Galaxies. Evolution of Stars

Stars and Galaxies. Evolution of Stars chapter 13 3 Stars and Galaxies section 3 Evolution of Stars Before You Read What makes one star different from another? Do you think the Sun is the same as other stars? Write your ideas on the lines below.

More information

Astro Fall 2012 Lecture 8. T. Howard

Astro Fall 2012 Lecture 8. T. Howard Astro 101 003 Fall 2012 Lecture 8 T. Howard Measuring the Stars How big are stars? How far away? How luminous? How hot? How old & how much longer to live? Chemical composition? How are they moving? Are

More information

Surveying the Milky Way

Surveying the Milky Way Surveying the Milky Way How Astronomers Prepared a Detailed Map of the Nearby Regions of Space By the 1920 s Primary References: Astronomy:The Evolving Universe, Michael Zeilik, Second Edition, Harper

More information

Types of Stars and the HR diagram

Types of Stars and the HR diagram Types of Stars and the HR diagram Full window version (looks a little nicer). Click button to get back to small framed version with content indexes. This material (and images) is copyrighted! See

More information

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 25 Beyond Our Solar System 25.1 Properties of Stars Characteristics of Stars A constellation is an apparent group of stars originally named for mythical

More information

ASTR Look over Chapter 15. Good things to Know. Triangulation

ASTR Look over Chapter 15. Good things to Know. Triangulation ASTR 1020 Look over Chapter 15 Good things to Know Triangulation Parallax Parsecs Absolute Visual Magnitude Distance Modulus Luminosity Balmer Lines Spectral Classes Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagram Main

More information

Astronomy 100 Spring 2006 Lecture Questions Twelve Weeks Review

Astronomy 100 Spring 2006 Lecture Questions Twelve Weeks Review Astronomy 100 Spring 2006 Lecture Questions Twelve Weeks Review 16-1 Fusion in the Sun The solar corona has temperatures roughly the same as temperatures in the Sun's core, where nuclear fusion takes place.

More information

Astronomy 102: Stars and Galaxies Examination 3 April 11, 2003

Astronomy 102: Stars and Galaxies Examination 3 April 11, 2003 Name: Seat Number: Astronomy 102: Stars and Galaxies Examination 3 April 11, 2003 Do not open the test until instructed to begin. Instructions: Write your answers in the space provided. If you need additional

More information

Life and Death of a Star 2015

Life and Death of a Star 2015 Life and Death of a Star 2015 Name Date 1. In the main-sequence, the core is slowly shrinking because A. the mass of the star is slowly increasing B. hydrogen fusing to helium makes the core more dense

More information

TAKE A LOOK 2. Identify This star is in the last stage of its life cycle. What is that stage?

TAKE A LOOK 2. Identify This star is in the last stage of its life cycle. What is that stage? CHAPTER 15 2 SECTION Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe The Life Cycle of Stars BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: How do stars change over time?

More information

The Evening Sky in February 2019

The Evening Sky in February 2019 The Evening Sky in February 2019 Sirius and Canopus are the brightest in the evening sky. Sirius, the brightest of all the stars, is north of overhead. Canopus, the second brightest star, is a bit south

More information

Star Clusters. stars are usually near other stars - CLUSTER

Star Clusters. stars are usually near other stars - CLUSTER Stellar Evolution 90% of its lifetime: star converts Hydrogen to Helium p-p cycle Main Sequence Helium builds up in the core, but not yet burning gravity compresses which increases temperature helium starts

More information

Stars: Stars and their Properties

Stars: Stars and their Properties Stars: Stars and their Properties Astronomy 110 Class 10 WHEN I heard the learn d astronomer; When the proofs, the figures, were ranged in columns before me; When I was shown the charts and the diagrams,

More information

Stars and HR Diagrams

Stars and HR Diagrams Stars and HR Diagrams Elements are not Elementary: the Building Blocks of Nature Atoms are made from protons, neutrons, electrons Chemical elements are named by the number A of protons in their nucleus

More information

Write It! Students should be encouraged to do the Research and Explore station before attempting this one.

Write It! Students should be encouraged to do the Research and Explore station before attempting this one. Kesler Science Station Lab H-R Diagram Teacher Directions Explore It! I will spend much of my time at this station making sure that the students are doing the Celebrity H-R diagram correctly and not wasting

More information

Beyond Our Solar System Chapter 24

Beyond Our Solar System Chapter 24 Beyond Our Solar System Chapter 24 PROPERTIES OF STARS Distance Measuring a star's distance can be very difficult Stellar parallax Used for measuring distance to a star Apparent shift in a star's position

More information

10/29/2009. The Lives And Deaths of Stars. My Office Hours: Tuesday 3:30 PM - 4:30 PM 206 Keen Building. Stellar Evolution

10/29/2009. The Lives And Deaths of Stars. My Office Hours: Tuesday 3:30 PM - 4:30 PM 206 Keen Building. Stellar Evolution of s Like s of Other Stellar The Lives And Deaths of s a Sun-like s More 10/29/2009 My Office Hours: Tuesday 3:30 PM - 4:30 PM 206 Keen Building Test 2: 11/05/2009 of s Like s of Other a Sun-like s More

More information

CHAPTER 29: STARS BELL RINGER:

CHAPTER 29: STARS BELL RINGER: CHAPTER 29: STARS BELL RINGER: Where does the energy of the Sun come from? Compare the size of the Sun to the size of Earth. 1 CHAPTER 29.1: THE SUN What are the properties of the Sun? What are the layers

More information

Exploratorium Teacher Institute page 1 Linda S. Shore

Exploratorium Teacher Institute page 1 Linda S. Shore Exploratorium Teacher Institute page 1 Growing Up A Star This activity helps students understand and interpret the Hertzsprung Russell (HR) diagram a graphical representation of how stars evolve that is

More information

The Life Histories of Stars I. Birth and Violent Lives

The Life Histories of Stars I. Birth and Violent Lives The Life Histories of Stars I Birth and Violent Lives Stellar evolution--first problem for new discipline of astrophysics What is a star? What is it made of? How does it produce and release energy? How

More information

The Evening Sky in February 2017

The Evening Sky in February 2017 The Evening Sky in February 2017 Brilliant Venus is the 'evening star', appearing due west soon after sunset. It sets progressively earlier: 90 minutes after the sun at the beginning of the month, shrinking

More information

Study aid -1. Google each object,

Study aid -1. Google each object, 2018 Div. C (High School) Astronomy Help Session Sunday, Feb. 18 th, 2018 Stellar Evolution and Type II supernovae Scott Jackson Mt. Cuba Astronomical Observatory 1 SO competition on March 3rd. Resources

More information

Astro 21 first lecture. stars are born but also helps us study how. Density increases in the center of the star. The core does change from hydrogen to

Astro 21 first lecture. stars are born but also helps us study how. Density increases in the center of the star. The core does change from hydrogen to Astro 21 first lecture The H-R H R Diagram helps us study how stars are born but also helps us study how they die. Stars spend most of their lives as main sequence stars. The core does change from hydrogen

More information

Guiding Questions. Measuring Stars

Guiding Questions. Measuring Stars Measuring Stars Guiding Questions 1. How far away are the stars? 2. What is meant by a first-magnitude or second magnitude star? 3. Why are some stars red and others blue? 4. What are the stars made of?

More information

Stars & Galaxies. Chapter 27, Section 1. Composition & Temperature. Chapter 27 Modern Earth Science Characteristics of Stars

Stars & Galaxies. Chapter 27, Section 1. Composition & Temperature. Chapter 27 Modern Earth Science Characteristics of Stars Stars & Galaxies Chapter 27 Modern Earth Science Chapter 27, Section 1 27.1 Characteristics of Stars Composition & Temperature Scientists use the following tools to study stars Telescope Observation Spectral

More information

Classifying Stars. Scientists classify stars by: 1. Temperature 2. Brightness

Classifying Stars. Scientists classify stars by: 1. Temperature 2. Brightness STARS Classifying Stars Scientists classify stars by: 1. Temperature 2. Brightness Star Temperature 1. The color of a star tells us about its temperature. Blue stars are the hottest, 7500 C- 40,000 C.

More information

The Evening Sky in February 2018

The Evening Sky in February 2018 The Evening Sky in February 2018 In February bright stars are nearly overhead. Sirius, the brightest star, is north of the zenith. Canopus, the second brightest star, is south of the zenith. Below and

More information