The Scientific Revolution

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1 The Scientific Revolution In the Middle Ages, the Catholic Church was the authority on science. Some people began to question the Church s authority Francis Bacon stressed the importance of observation to figure out how the world works. Renee Descartes stressed the importance of logic to figure out how the world works. Observation and logic would form the basis of the scientific method!

2 Instead of just accepting anything the Church said, people began to use the scientific method State a question or problem. Form a hypothesis. Conduct an experiment to test the hypothesis. Make careful observations and collect data. Analyze the data to see if the hypothesis is correct.

3 Science Experiment Galileo performed a famous science experiment at the Leaning Tower of Pisa

4 Steps in the Scientific Method State a question or problem. Form a hypothesis. Conduct an experiment to test the hypothesis. Make careful observations and collect data. Analyze the data to see if the hypothesis is correct.

5 Steps in the Scientific Method State a question or problem: Do objects of different weights fall at the same speed? Form a hypothesis: Objects of different weights fall at the same speed. Conduct an experiment to test the hypothesis: Drop a heavy ball and a light ball from the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa to see if they land at the same time. Make careful observations and collect data: The two balls landed at the same time. Analyze the data to see if the hypothesis is correct: The hypothesis is correct.

6 FOUR SCIENTISTS MADE DISCOVERIES THAT CHANGED THE WORLD

7 Used the telescope to support Copernicus heliocentric theory

8 Galileo s Telescope Galileo used a telescope to observe our solar system What did Galileo discover with his telecope? List & draw three discoveries in your notes.

9 The Church Response Galileo came to believe that the Earth moves, but the church disagreed with him. The church asked If the Earth is moving, why can t we feel it? They ordered him to stop his experiments and threatened him with excommunication. However, he did not stop. He wanted to find proof.

10 The church asked, If the Earth is moving, why can t we feel it? How did Galileo answer this question?

11 Galileo s Horse Experiment In Galileo s experiment, the horse represents. The ball represents.

12 Galileo s Horse Experiment Where will the ball land when he drops it? It falls straight down and lands next to the horse.

13 Galileo s Horse Experiment Where will the ball land when he drops it? Will it fall straight down again? The ball still lands next to the horse! In Galileo s experiment, the horse moves, and the ball moves with it! Therefore, the earth can move, and we move with it without noticing!

14 Galileo s Book In 1632, Galileo published a book called Dialogue on the Two Chief World Systems The book described an imaginary conversation about the theories of Ptolemy and Copernicus The character that upheld the geocentric theory was portrayed as foolish The character that believed in the heliocentric theory was logical and convincing PREDICT: How do you think the Catholic Church reacted? Why?

15

16 Galileo & The Roman Inquisition In 1633, the pope called Galileo to Rome to face the Roman Inquisition The court accused Galileo of heresy The court forced him to swear that the geocentric theory was true and yet it moves.

17 Galileo & The Roman Inquisition Galileo was put under house arrest for the rest of his life. His theories lived on in his books. The truth could not be silenced!

18 Use page to make a foldable On the outside of each flap, provide a THE CENTER, THE SHAPE OF ORBITS, FALLING OBJECTS, THE MOON, sun, JUPITER On the inside top of each flap, describe and illustrate an old way of thinking (Aristotle, Ptolemy) On the inside bottom of each flap, describe and illustrate a new way of thinking (Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo) Create six flaps! Don t cut until you finish!!! Aristotle Copernicus Kepler Galileo

19 FOUR SCIENTISTS MADE DISCOVERIES THAT CHANGED THE WORLD

20

21 What keeps the moon traveling in orbit around the Earth? What keeps the Earth orbiting around the sun?

22

23 Discovered the law of gravity. All physical objects have a force of attraction The strength of the force depends on the masses of the objects and the distance between them

24 Gravity holds the planets and moons in orbit

25 If there was no gravity Planets would NOT stay in orbit!

26 Why am I falling to the ground? Gravity made you fall, and it makes the moon orbit around the Earth! I will use my knowledge of optics to invent the reflecting telescope! My three laws of motion explain how everything moves! Calculus will help us measure curves and irregular shapes!

27 Ocean Tides The moon pulls on the oceans!

28 1 st Law of Motion An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force. An object in motion continues in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

29 2 nd Law of Motion Acceleration is produced when a force acts on a mass. The greater the mass (of the object being accelerated) the greater the amount of force needed (to accelerate the object). earning_center/sciguides/files/hor izontal-balloons.swf

30 3 rd Law of Motion For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. rtals/2/media/post_sale_cont ent/newtons%20third%20law.swf

31 Science & Religion Sometimes, religion and science conflict with each other

32 Religion vs. Science The Bible says: The world is firmly established, it cannot be moved. Psalm 93:1, Psalm 96:10, and 1 Chronicles 16:30 The Lord set the earth on its foundations; it can never be moved." Psalm 104:5 "And the sun rises and sets and returns to its place" Ecclesiastes 1:5 Galileo said: NO! The Earth revolves around the Sun!!!

33 Take it back! Admit that the Earth does not move! OK, OK, just don t torture me! and yet it moves.

34 Religion vs. Science The Bible says: God created the world in seven days The first humans were Adam and Eve Charles Darwin said: NO! Science shows us that the world has been around for about 3.8 BILLION years, and we are related to apes

35 Science & Religion Sometimes, religion and science coexist just fine

36 The most beautiful system of the Sun, Planets and Comets could only proceed from the counsel and dominion of an intelligent being. All variety of created objects which represent order and Life in the Universe could happen only by the willful reasoning of its original Creator, whom I call the Lord God. Isaac Newton

37 Inventions

38 Makes distant objects seem closer; used to study the skies (astronomy)

39 Makes small objects appear much larger

40 Measures temperature

41 Measures pressure of the Earth s atmosphere Used to predict weather

42

43 Things to Remember 1. The scientific method (hypothesize, observe, experiment) was important at this time. 2. The Church struggled to keep people from disagreeing with them. 3. Galileo was cool.

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