3 N. Follow these instructions carefully to construct a simplified Analemmic Sundial (a vertical gnomon sundial).

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1 Use your own shadow to tell time Follow these instructions carefully to construct a simplified Analemmic undial (a vertical gnomon sundial). 1 ach sun dial team should have at least 3 people: a tep Leader and 2 Helpers (Helper 1 and Helper 2). In each tep, a different tep Leader should be chosen to give everyone a chance to lead. These instructions are designed for the an Francisco Bay Area, a latitude of about 38 degrees orth and magnetic declination of about 15 degrees ast. olar-b Fun In The un

2 Draw the Compass Cross Team: Choose a hard, flat surface, like a playground or a patio. You must have an area at least 15 feet across. Draw the orth-outh Line: tep Leader: Get a magnetic compass and choose a spot to stand on. Face orth. arning: True (Geographic) orth is 15 degrees left (west) of magnetic north in the an Francisco Bay Area. Helper 1: tand directly orth of the tep Leader, 10 feet away (about 5 paces). The tep Leader will tell you exactly where to stand. Helper 2: Draw a straight line between the tep Leader and Helper 1. Mark the orth end and the outh end. Draw the ast-est Line: tep Leader: Mark the middle of the orth-outh line. Helper 1: Using a protractor, at the middle of the orth- outh line draw another straight line perpendicular to it, making a cross. This new line should be 15 feet long (about 8 paces across, or 4 paces to either side of the orth-outh line). Helper 2: Mark the ast end of this line and the est end.

3 Draw the llipse Team: Cut a length of string or cord that is 24 feet long and tie it into a loop. tep Leader: Mark 2 points on the ast-est line. ach point is inches from the orth- outh line. Helpers 1 and 2: tand on the 2 marks your tep Leader made, facing each other and with your heels on the marks. tep Leader: Take the loop of string and place it around your two helpers so that they are inside the loop, the string at their ankles. chalk string loop tep Leader: Take a piece of sidewalk chalk and put it inside the loop of string, pulling the loop tight so that it makes a triangle, with your chalk and your two helpers ankles are the three corners. tep Leader: Keeping the string tight, draw a curve around your helpers, letting the string guide your hand. hen you are done, you have drawn the shape called an ellipse.

4 Mark the Hours tep Leader: Place a protractor along the orth-outh line centered on the compass cross. tep Leader: Hold one end of a long string at the protractor s center point. Helper 1: Pull the other end of the string out straight so that it crosses the ellipse. Helper 2: Guide Helper 1 to move the string to the angles for each hour mark shown in the table below, then mark where the string crosses the ellipse. Label each mark with the correct hour, for example with o clock at the west point, 12 noon at the north point, and so on until the entire north half of the ellipse is marked. Hour Angle from orth Line am 7am 8am 9am 10am 11am 12noon 0º 90º CC 81º CC 71º CC 59º CC 44º CC 24º CC Hour pm 5pm 4pm 3pm 2pm 1pm Angle from orth Line 90º C 81º C 71º C 59º C 44º C 24º C

5 Mark the Gnomon Date Positions tep Leader: Mark the months on the orth-outh line at these positions (starting from the middle of the cross): Jan/Dec = 27 inches south Feb/ov = 18 inches south Mar = 9 inches south Apr/Oct = 0 inches ep = 9 inches north May/Aug = 18 inches north Jun/Jul = 27 inches north June/July May/Aug ept Apr/Oct Mar Feb/ov Jan/Dec 4 5

6 gnomon s shadow 7 5 gnomon (you, or a vertical stick) To use this sun dial, stand on the orth-outh line at the current month s mark. Your shadow should point to the current local time. If your shadow is too big to easily tell the time, you can place a tall straight stick on the current date and use its shadow instead but make sure that the stick is perfectly vertical. If it is currently Daylight avings Time then the shadow will point an hour earlier than local clock time. The design for this sundial is simplified and may not be perfeclty accurate but if you construct it carefully it should work pretty well..

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