Scientific Revolution. 16 th -18 th centuries

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1 Scientific Revolution 16 th -18 th centuries

2 As we go through this information Write two quiz questions for review at the end of class. If you don t want to write quiz questions, you can write haikus about the material (5-7-5 syllable pattern) Participation: if you are called on at the end of class, you will be expected to ask a question or share a haiku.

3 What: Scientific Revolution The emergence of modern science A new way of thinking about the physical world Final break with Europe s medieval past Conclusions based on experimentation and observation

What: Scientific Method Step-by-step process of discovery Collect and accurately measure data Use reasoning to propose a logical hypothesis Test the

4 What: Scientific Method Step-by-step process of discovery Collect and accurately measure data Use reasoning to propose a logical hypothesis Test the hypothesis with further observation or experimentation Use mathematical calculations to convert the observations and experiments into scientific laws.

5 What: Math (the language of science) Mathematics: a way of describing relationships between numbers and other measurable quantities. Allows scientists to communicate ideas using universally accepted terminology. It is truly the language of science

Where: Middle East Europe (France, Italy, Northern Europe) Islamic scholars in the Middle East had been making advances in the fields of math and science

6 Where: Middle East Europe (France, Italy, Northern Europe) Islamic scholars in the Middle East had been making advances in the fields of math and science for centuries. Later European scholars expanded the Revolution in the Sciences in Italy, France, England, Poland

7 When: 16 th 18 th centuries 1500s 1700s Driven by the Renaissance and Reformation

8 When: 1500 s to Present Renaissance Reformation Scientific Revolution

Who: Nicolaus Copernicus Polish scholar Nicolaus Copernicus (Feb 19, 1473 - May 24, 1543) Heliocentric

Published heliocentric model in his book De revolutionibus orbium coelestium in 1543 Most experts rejected

9 Who: Nicolaus Copernicus Polish scholar Nicolaus Copernicus (Feb 19, May 24, 1543) Heliocentric (sun-centered) model of the universe: Earth is just one of several planets that revolve around the sun Published heliocentric model in his book De revolutionibus orbium coelestium in 1543 Most experts rejected Copernicus theory Scientific knowledge and religious teachings were based on the arguments developed by classical thinkers

10 Who: Tycho Brahe & Johannes Kepler Building on Copernicus theory Late 1500 s: Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe provides evidence supporting Copernicus theory. After Brahe s death: assistant Johannes Kepler (Germany) used Brahe s data to calculate the orbits of the planets revolving around the sun.

Who: Galileo Galilei Italy: Galileo builds an astronomical telescope Observed that the four moons of Jupiter move slowly around that planet, the same way Copernicus said

11 Who: Galileo Galilei Italy: Galileo builds an astronomical telescope Observed that the four moons of Jupiter move slowly around that planet, the same way Copernicus said the Earth moves around the sun. Discoveries caused an uproar Attacked by scholars and the Church alike because his observations contradicted ancient views about the world.

Who: Bacon and Descartes Englishman Francis Bacon and Frenchman

is determined Challenged the scholarly traditions of the medieval

12 Who: Bacon and Descartes Englishman Francis Bacon and Frenchman Rene Descartes (day kahrt) Both devoted to understanding how truth is determined Challenged the scholarly traditions of the medieval universities, which sought to make the physical world fit with the teachings of the Church. Both argued that truth is not known at the beginning of inquiry but at the end, after a long process of investigation.

13 Who: Sir Isaac Newton Used mathematics to show that a single force keeps the planets in their orbits around the sun called it gravity. Nature follows uniform laws All motion in the universe can be measured and described mathematically Early 1900 s: new theories of the universe called some of Newton s ideas into question, but his laws of motion and mechanics continue to have practical uses today.

Breakthroughs in Medicine and Chemistry 1.

- Continued and refined da Vinci s work on the human anatomy. 2.

s. 3. William Harvey (1578-1657, English) - Published work explaining the

14 Breakthroughs in Medicine and Chemistry 1. Andreas Vesalius ( , Belgian) On the Structure of the Human Body (1543) - Continued and refined da Vinci s work on the human anatomy. 2. Ambroise Pare ( ) - Introduced the use of artificial limbs in the 1540 s. 3. William Harvey ( , English) - Published work explaining the circulation of blood. 4. Anton Leeuwenhoek ( ) - Perfected the microscope and was the first human to see cells and microorganisms.

15 Why was math so important to the Scientific Revolution? At the heart of the Scientific Revolution was the assumption that mathematical laws governed nature and the universe. The physical world could be managed and understood by people (humanism) using mathematics to describe all things in the universe. It is truly the language of science.

Fibonacci Numbers https://www.youtube.com/watch?

He introduced the sequence to Western European mathematics, although the sequence had been described

16 Fibonacci Numbers The Fibonacci sequence is named after Leonardo of Pisa, who was known as Fibonacci. He introduced the sequence to Western European mathematics, although the sequence had been described earlier in Indian mathematics. Fibonacci numbers or Fibonacci series or Fibonacci sequence are the numbers in the following integer sequence: 1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34,55,89,144...

17 Wisdom: Outcome/Results

18 Wisdom: The Scientific Revolution and the World Today

Section 5. Objectives

Section 5. Objectives Objectives Explain how new discoveries in astronomy changed the way people viewed the universe. Understand the new scientific method and how it developed. Analyze the contributions that Newton and other