A) B) C) D) 2) The diagrams below show the phases of the Moon as viewed by an observer in New York State at different times in August.

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1 Name: 1) Which weather station model indicates the highest relative humidity? Page 1 A) B) C) D) 2) The diagrams below show the phases of the Moon as viewed by an observer in New York State at different times in August. Which phase could have been observed on August 17? A) B) C) D) 3) Which weather station model represents a location where a thunderstorm is occurring? A) C) B) D) 4) Which weather station model represents the location with the greatest probability of precipitation? A) C) B) D) 5) Within a low-pressure system, the probability of precipitation is high because the air is generally A) moist and sinking B) dry and rising C) dry and sinking D) moist and rising

2 Questions 6 and 7 refer to the following: Page 2 The diagram below represents a weather map. 6) Which kind of frontal system is located northwest of Miles City, Montana? A) warm front B) cold front C) stationary front D) occluded front 7) According to the map, at which city is precipitation most likely occurring? A) Boise, Idaho B) Omaha, Nebraska Questions 8 and 9 refer to the following: C) Albuquerque, New Mexico D) New York City The diagram below represents the orbits of three planets (X, Y, and Z) around star A. Star A is located at one focus and point B is the other focus. Numbers 1 through 9 represent different positions of the three planets. The arrows show the direction of revolution. 8) The orbital paths of these planets around star 4 can best be described as having A) a circular shape, with star A at one focus B) major axes of the same length C) the same period of rotation D) an elliptical shape, with star A at one focus

3 9) Which statement about the period of revolution of the planets is correct? A) The planets have equal periods of revolution. B) Planet Z has a longer period of revolution than planet X. C) Planet X has a longer period of revolution than planet Y. D) Planet Y has a longer period of revolution than planet Z Page 3 10) The circumference of the Earth is about 4.0 x 104 kilometers. This value is equal to A) 4,000 km B) 40,000 km C) 400 km D) 400,000 km 11) Which station model represents an atmospheric pressure of 1,009.2 millibars and a temperature of 75DF? A) C) B) D) 12) In which general direction does an observer look to see the sunset each day? A) south B) north C) west D) east 13) The diagram below shows a section of the shore of Lake Ontario. Surface air-pressure readings are shown for three of the locations. Why do the clouds begin to form at the elevation of D? A) The temperature is 0DC at this elevation. B) The air below this elevation does not have enough condensation nuclei for clouds to form. C) The air has cooled to the dewpoint temperature at this elevation. D) The water droplets are too small to be seen below this elevation. 14) Which change always occurs as the distance between the Earth and the Sun decreases? A) The Sun's rate of rotation increases. B) The gravitational force between the Earth and the Sun decreases. C) The Earth's orbital speed increases. D) The Sun's apparent diameter decreases.

4 15) While walking on a glacier, an observer makes several statements. Which statement is an inference? A) "Some of the snow on this glacier is powdery." B) "There are many cracks in this glacier." C) "The rocks on this glacier are of different sizes." D) "Some parts of this glacier will start melting this spring." 16) The diagram below represents the Earth in space Page 4 Which date is most likely represented by the diagram? A) May 4 B) September 2 C) June 6 D) December 30 17) Ocean currents exhibit the Coriolis effect as a result of the A) rotation of the Earth B) unequal heating of the Earth 18) The weather map below shows part of the southern United States and northern Mexico. C) revolution of the Earth D) variations in salinity of the Earth's oceans Which city has the least chance of precipitation during the next 3 hours? A) Lake Charles, Louisiana B) Oklahoma City, Oklahoma C) Albuquerque, New Mexico D) Waco, Texas

5 Page 5 19) The diagram below represents the path of a planet orbiting a star. Points A, B, C, and D indicate four orbital positions of the planet. When viewed by an observer on the planet, the star has the largest apparent diameter at position A) D B) A C) B D) C 20) The Bay of Fundy, located on the east coast of Canada, has the highest ocean tides in the world. The St. John River enters the Bay of Fundy at the city of St. John, where the river actually reverses direction twice a day at high tides. Data for the famous Reversing Falls of the St. John River are given below for high and low tides on June 26 through 28, Which model of the Sun, Earth (E), and Moon (M) best represents a position that would cause the highest ocean tides in the Bay of Fundy? [Sizes and distances are not drawn to scale.] A) C) B) D) Questions 21 through 24 refer to the following: The diagram below represents nine positions of the Earth in orbit around the Sun during one complete orbit of the Moon around the Earth. 21) At which position might the Moon block part of the Sun, making a solar eclipse visible from Earth? A) 7 B) 2 C) 9 D) 4

6 22) The Earth rotates on its axis, causing the Moon to appear to rise each day. Moonrise occurs about 52 minutes later each day because as the Earth completes one rotation, the Moon also A) wobbles on its axis B) is inclined 23\D C) revolves part way around the Earth D) completes one rotation on its axis 23) During the time that the Earth travels from position 1 to position 9, an observer on the Earth will see the lighted portion of the Moon A) decrease, only B) increase, only 24) Which phase of the Moon will be seen from the Earth at position 5? C) decrease, then increase D) increase, then decrease Page 6 A) B) C) D) 25) Which statement made during a weather report is most likely an inference? A) The high temperature for the day was recorded at 2 p.m. B) The record low temperature for this date was set in C) Hot and humid conditions will continue throughout the week. D) The current barometric pressure is in. 26) The weather map below shows part of the southern United States and northern Mexico. Southeast winds at 20 knots are occurring at A) Oklahoma City, Oklahoma B) Albuquerque, New Mexico C) El Paso, Texas D) Amarillo, Texas

7 Questions 27 through 29 refer to the following: Page 7 The weather map below shows a low-pressure storm system located over New York State in midsummer. 27) Which weather station model best represents the weather conditions in Albany, where a slow, steady drizzle is occurring? A) C) B) D) 28) Which city has the highest air pressure? A) Rochester B) Syracuse C) New York City D) Plattsburgh 29) In which city is a thunderstorm most likely occurring? A) Plattsburgh B) Rochester C) Binghamton D) New York City 30) Which location on the Earth would the Sun's vertical rays strike on December 21? A) Equator (0D) B) South Pole (90D S) C) Tropic of Cancer (23\D N) D) Tropic of Capricorn (23\D S) 31) The best evidence that the distance between the Moon and the Earth varies is provided by the apparent change in the Moon's A) altitude B) diameter C) shape D) phase

8 32) The map below represents a high-pressure weather system located over New York State Page 8 Which diagram represents the most probable wind direction in this high-pressure system? A) C) B) D) 33) The weather map below shows a cold front approaching three cities. The two isobars are labeled A and B. Which weather events will probably occur in Millsville as the cold front passes? A) an increase in clouds; a brief thunderstorm; a shift in wind direction B) an increase in clouds; no precipitation; no shift in wind direction C) a decrease in clouds; prolonged precipitation; a shift in wind direction D) a decrease in clouds; no precipitation; no shift in wind direction 34) Which planet takes longer for one spin on its axis than for one orbit around the Sun? A) Venus B) Earth C) Mercury D) Mars 35) Which statement best explains why different phases of the Moon can be observed from the Earth? A) The Moon moves into different parts of the Earth's shadow. B) Differing amounts of the Moon's sunlit surface are seen because the Moon revolves around the Earth. C) The size of the Earth's shadow falling on the Moon changes. D) Differing amounts of the Moon's sunlit surface are seen because the Moon revolves around the Sun.

9 36) According to Kepler's Harmonic Law of Planetary Motion, the farther a planet is located from the Sun, the A) longer its period of rotation B) shorter its period of revolution 37) The diagram below represents our solar system. C) longer its period of revolution D) shorter its period of rotation Page 9 Which kind of model of the solar system is represented by the diagram? A) geocentric model B) sidereal model C) lunar model D) heliocentric model 38) The diagram below shows a post located in the Northern Hemisphere. Five different shadows, A1, B1, C1, D1, and E1, are cast on a certain day by the post when the Sun is in positions A, B, C, D, and E, respectively. Which motion causes the apparent daily path of the Sun shown in the diagram? A) the Sun's rotation B) the Sun's revolution C) the Earth's revolution D) the Earth's rotation

10 39) The diagram below represents planet Z in its orbit around star A. Locations 1 through 4 of planet Z are indicated on the orbit. The sizes of the planet and the star are not drawn to scale. The elliptical orbit of planet Z and the distance between the foci (F1 and F2) are drawn to scale Page 10 The orbiting motion of planet Z around star A is known as A) declination B) inclination C) revolution D) rotation 40) The cartoon below refers to an Earth motion. Which statement should the cartoon characters use to accurately describe the Earth's turning motion? A) Earth rotates in the geocentric model. B) Earth revolves in the geocentric model. C) Earth revolves in the heliocentric model. D) Earth rotates in the heliocentric model. 41) The diagram below represents a section of a weather map showing high- and low-pressure systems. The lines represent isobars. At which point is the windspeed greatest? A) A B) B C) C D) D

11 Page 11 42) The diagram below shows a section of the shore of Lake Ontario. Surface air-pressure readings are shown for three of the locations. Which diagram best shows the probable wind direction for the conditions shown? A) C) B) D) 43) The phases of the Moon are caused by the A) rotation of the Moon on its axis B) rotation of the Earth on its axis 44) In the cartoon below, Calvin makes a wish. C) revolution of the Moon around the Earth D) revolution of the Earth around the Sun Which statement best explains why Calvin's wish did not come true? A) The relative humidity was too low for snow. B) The clouds in the area lacked water droplets. 45) Which substance is a form of precipitation? C) The temperature was below the dewpoint. D) The atmospheric temperature was well above 0DC. A) dew B) frost C) fog D) hail

12 46) A student drew the phase of the Moon observed from one location on the Earth on each of the dates shown below Page 12 Which diagram best shows the Moon's phase on May 24? A) B) C) D) 47) The period of time a planet takes to make one revolution around the Sun is most dependent on the planet's average A) insolation from the Sun B) rotation rate C) mass D) distance from the Sun 48) Locations A and B on the map of North America below are source regions for air masses. Compared to the air mass formed at location B, the air mass formed at location A will normally be A) cooler and wetter B) warmer and wetter C) cooler and drier D) warmer and drier 49) The data table below shows average daily air temperature, windspeed, and relative humidity for 4 days at a single location. On which day was the air closest to being saturated with water vapor? A) Monday B) Wednesday C) Tuesday D) Thursday 50) By which process are clouds, dew, and fog formed? A) condensation B) evaporation C) precipitation D) melting

13 Page 13 51) The table below shows weather conditions for 4 consecutive days at a location in New York State. Each reading was taken at 1 p.m. On which day was the wind speed at 1 p.m. the greatest? A) Thursday B) Wednesday C) Monday D) Tuesday 52) The weather map below shows a cold front approaching three cities. The two isobars are labeled A and B. What is the probable value of isobar B? A) 1,004.0 mb B) mb C) mb D) 1,004.6 mb

14 Page 14 53) The diagram below represents a cross section of air masses and frontal surface along line AB. The dashed lines represent precipitation. Which weather map best represents this frontal system? A) C) B) D) 54) The diagram below shows the orbit of planet P around a star. A, B, C, and D are points on the orbit. Planet P takes 10 days to travel from point A to point B and 10 days to travel from point C to point D. How does the area of section X compare to the area of section Y? A) It is five times the area of section Y. B) It is one-half the area of section Y. 55) The Moon has a greater effect on the Earth's ocean tides than the Sun has because the A) Moon has a greater mass than the Sun B) Moon is closer to the Earth than the Sun is C) It is the same as the area of section Y. D) It is twice the area of section Y. C) Sun has a higher density than the Moon D) Sun has a higher temperature than the Moon

15 Questions 56 and 57 refer to the following: Page 15 The diagram below shows the Earth's position in its orbit around the Sun at the beginning of each season. The Moon is shown at various positions as it revolves around the Earth. 56) What is most likely represented by the circular arrow symbol near the Earth's axis at each position? A) the path of the Sun through the sky B) the changing tilt of Earth's axis C) convection currents in the atmosphere D) the direction of Earth's rotation 57) Which position of the Earth shows the Moon located where its shadow may sometimes reach the Earth? A) A B) B C) C D) D 58) A centimeter is 0.01 meter. This measurement can also be expressed as A) 1 x 10-1 m B) 1 x 102 m C) 1 x 100 m D) 1 x 10-2 m 59) In the cartoon below, the large arrows represent surface winds. What feature is found at the location to which the meteorologist is pointing? A) a low-pressure center B) an area of divergence C) an anticyclone D) a high-pressure center

16 Page 16 60) The table below shows weather conditions for 4 consecutive days at a location in New York State. Each reading was taken at 1 p.m. On which two days was the relative humidity probably highest? A) Thursday and Monday B) Tuesday and Wednesday C) Wednesday and Thursday D) Monday and Tuesday 61) When a strong wind is blowing from one location to another, the two locations most likely have a difference in A) dewpoint temperature B) air pressure C) cloud cover D) elevation

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