EAS 535 Laboratory Exercise Solar Radiation

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "EAS 535 Laboratory Exercise Solar Radiation"

Transcription

1 EAS 535 Laboratory Exercise Solar Radiation Lab Objectives: Estimate the atmospheric optical depth and solar constant from a set of measurements of the total and diffuse solar radiation at the surface. Background: To a first approximation, ignoring the spectral characteristics of the atmosphere, the DIRECT solar radiation at the surface is related to the incoming radiation at the top of the atmosphere by the following expression. (1) where F dir is the directly transmitted radiation (Wm -2 ) F o is the solar constant (Wm -2 ) τ is the atmospheric optical depth (non-dimensional) µ o is the cosine of the solar zenith angle (non-dimensional) Taking natural logarithms of both sides of equation (1), we have (2) If we identify y and x then equation (2) is of the form y = mx+c (3) and the slope, which should be negative, will yield the optical depth, τ, whereas the intercept will yield ln (F o ) from which the solar constant can be calculated. Instruments to measure the directly transmitted solar radiation are called PYRHELIOMETERs. These are difficult to use and maintain. We will compute the direct radiation using a shaded PYRANOMETER which measures the TOTAL radiation. By shading the disk of the sun one measures the DIFFUSE radiation. The difference is the DIRECT radiation. General Instructions: 1

2 1. Read in the values of the time in decimal Julian date, the total radiation in Wm -2 and the diffuse radiation in Wm -2. The whole number of the date, 333, corresponds to November 29. The decimals correspond to the local standard (or clock) time such that midnight is.00, 6 a.m. is.25, noon is.50, etc. 2. From the column of Julian date create a column of local clock time by subtracting the date, 333, and converting decimal dates to hours. You will notice that the total and diffuse fluxes are negative at the beginning and end of the record corresponding to the periods before and after sunset. Estimate the instrument bias that should be removed from the two data sets so as to obtain essentially zero total and diffuse flux at night. The bias is different for the two fluxes. Subtract (or add) this bias from both columns of flux data. 3. Create a column of DIRECT FLUX = TOTAL FLUX DIFFUSE FLUX. You should now have a column of local standard (or clock) time and the bias corrected TOTAL, DIFFUSE and DIRECT fluxes. 4. Plot all three fluxes versus the local clock time. On a clear day such as this, the direct flux should reach a maximum value at LOCAL SOLAR NOON. Solar time = local time + solar correction Since Lafayette is not located at the longitude which defines Eastern Standard Time, the solar correction is not zero. By inspecting the column of DIRECT flux, estimate the SOLAR CORRECTION. Apply the solar correction to the column of local standard time to create a column of solar time. Replot the fluxes vs. solar time. You are now in a position to calculate the zenith angle needed in equation (1), which is a function of the day of the year, the geographic latitude, the solar declination and the hour angle. 5. Create a column with the hour angle which is calculated with: h = hour angle = 2π(solar time 12)/24 6. Use the following formulas to calculate the angle of declination of the sun. This is equal to the latitude at which the Sun is directly overhead at noon, so it varies from to 23.5º. 2

3 CAUTION: Trigonometric functions in EXCEL use RADIANS and not DEGREES so remember to convert. Calculate the declination angle, δ, for this date where jda = whole Julian date, i.e. 333 in this case (4) = , , , = 0.0, , , The solar zenith angle, θ o, is given by the equations: Φ sin δ + cos Ф cos δ cos h where Φ = latitude = 40º for Lafayette and h is the hour angle. Using these equations create a column of θ o in degrees and µ o = cos θ o. 3

4 θ o 90-Zenith angle (deg) Example of elevation angle (90 - zenith angle) variation as a function of day of the year for a site in Vancouver (lat = long=-123.1) 8. Choose a subset of the data for which the Sun is at least 5º above the horizon, i.e. θ o < 85º. Now plot y ln (F dir /µ o ) vs. x 1/µ o 4

5 9. Using the linear trend function of EXCEL, estimate the atmospheric optical depth, τ, and solar constant, F o. The value of F o is smaller than the actual value of approximately 1360 Wm -2. The primary reason for this discrepancy is that the atmosphere does not absorb and scatter radiation as a GREY body. Therefore, equation (1) is incorrect. It is strictly valid only for MONOCHROMATIC radiation. The discrepancy can further be attributed to errors in instrument calibration or to a dirty dome covering the sensor. 5

ME 476 Solar Energy UNIT THREE SOLAR RADIATION

ME 476 Solar Energy UNIT THREE SOLAR RADIATION ME 476 Solar Energy UNIT THREE SOLAR RADIATION Unit Outline 2 What is the sun? Radiation from the sun Factors affecting solar radiation Atmospheric effects Solar radiation intensity Air mass Seasonal variations

More information

Sunlight and its Properties II. EE 446/646 Y. Baghzouz

Sunlight and its Properties II. EE 446/646 Y. Baghzouz Sunlight and its Properties II EE 446/646 Y. Baghzouz Solar Time (ST) and Civil (clock) Time (CT) There are two adjustments that need to be made in order to convert ST to CT: The first is the Longitude

More information

Chapter 2 Available Solar Radiation

Chapter 2 Available Solar Radiation Chapter 2 Available Solar Radiation DEFINITIONS Figure shows the primary radiation fluxes on a surface at or near the ground that are important in connection with solar thermal processes. DEFINITIONS It

More information

Chapter 1 Solar Radiation

Chapter 1 Solar Radiation Chapter 1 Solar Radiation THE SUN The sun is a sphere of intensely hot gaseous matter with a diameter of 1.39 10 9 m It is, on the average, 1.5 10 11 m away from the earth. The sun rotates on its axis

More information

ME 430 Fundamentals of Solar Energy Conversion for heating and Cooling Applications

ME 430 Fundamentals of Solar Energy Conversion for heating and Cooling Applications ME 430 Fundamentals of Solar Energy Conversion for heating and Cooling Applications Lecture (1 of 2) Solar Energy Resource and Availability C. Cruickshank and S. Harrison 2008 The Solar Constant 1 Variation

More information

Radiation in the atmosphere

Radiation in the atmosphere Radiation in the atmosphere Flux and intensity Blackbody radiation in a nutshell Solar constant Interaction of radiation with matter Absorption of solar radiation Scattering Radiative transfer Irradiance

More information

Calculating equation coefficients

Calculating equation coefficients Solar Energy 1 Calculating equation coefficients Construction Conservation Equation Surface Conservation Equation Fluid Conservation Equation needs flow estimation needs radiation and convection estimation

More information

Lecture #03. January 20, 2010, Wednesday

Lecture #03. January 20, 2010, Wednesday Lecture #03 January 20, 2010, Wednesday Causes of Earth s Seasons Earth-Sun geometry Day length Solar angle (beam spread) Atmospheric beam depletion Shape and Size of the Earth North Pole E Geoid: not

More information

1. SOLAR GEOMETRY, EXTRATERRESTRIAL IRRADIANCE & INCIDENCE ANGLES

1. SOLAR GEOMETRY, EXTRATERRESTRIAL IRRADIANCE & INCIDENCE ANGLES 1. SOLAR GEOMETRY, EXTRATERRESTRIAL IRRADIANCE & INCIDENCE ANGLES The Sun A blackbody with T ~ 6000 K Blackbody radiation with the same amount of energy per unit of area T ~ 5762 K Blackbody radiating

More information

1.0 BACKGROUND 1.1 Surface Radiation

1.0 BACKGROUND 1.1 Surface Radiation 1.0 BACKGROUND 1.1 Surface Radiation Meteorologists have utilized recent advances in computer speeds and atmospheric models to create increasingly accurate models of the environment. The computational

More information

Questions you should be able to answer after reading the material

Questions you should be able to answer after reading the material Module 4 Radiation Energy of the Sun is of large importance in the Earth System, it is the external driving force of the processes in the atmosphere. Without Solar radiation processes in the atmosphere

More information

Chapter Seven. Solar Energy

Chapter Seven. Solar Energy Chapter Seven Solar Energy Why Studying Solar energy To know the heat gain or heat loss in a building In making energy studies In the design of solar passive homes. Thermal Radiation Solar spectrum is

More information

Sunlight and its Properties Part I. EE 446/646 Y. Baghzouz

Sunlight and its Properties Part I. EE 446/646 Y. Baghzouz Sunlight and its Properties Part I EE 446/646 Y. Baghzouz The Sun a Thermonuclear Furnace The sun is a hot sphere of gas whose internal temperatures reach over 20 million deg. K. Nuclear fusion reaction

More information

FLATE Hillsborough Community College - Brandon (813)

FLATE Hillsborough Community College - Brandon (813) The Florida Advanced Technological Education (FLATE) Center wishes to make available, for educational and noncommercial purposes only, materials relevant to the EST1830 Introduction to Alternative/Renewable

More information

A FIRST INVESTIGATION OF TEMPORAL ALBEDO DEVELOPMENT OVER A MAIZE PLOT

A FIRST INVESTIGATION OF TEMPORAL ALBEDO DEVELOPMENT OVER A MAIZE PLOT 1 A FIRST INVESTIGATION OF TEMPORAL ALBEDO DEVELOPMENT OVER A MAIZE PLOT Robert Beyer May 1, 2007 INTRODUCTION Albedo, also known as shortwave reflectivity, is defined as the ratio of incoming radiation

More information

Observer-Sun Angles. ), Solar altitude angle (α s. ) and solar azimuth angle (γ s )). θ z. = 90 o α s

Observer-Sun Angles. ), Solar altitude angle (α s. ) and solar azimuth angle (γ s )). θ z. = 90 o α s Observer-Sun Angles Direction of Beam Radiation: The geometric relationships between a plane of any particular orientation relative to the earth at any time and the incoming beam solar radiation can be

More information

BMM4753 RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES

BMM4753 RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES BMM4753 RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES Prof Dr Shahrani Haji Anuar Energy Sustainability Focus Group 1 Summary 2.1 Introduction 2.2 How to use solar thermal energy 2.3 Solar radiation component; diffuse, beam,

More information

for more please visit :

for more please visit : articlopedia.gigcities.com for more please visit : http://articlopedia.gigcities.com file:///d /important.html9/13/2006 8:50:19 PM CHAPTER 3 ASTRONOMICAL PHENOMENA 3.1 Sunrise, Sunset, and Twilight Introduction

More information

LOCATING CELESTIAL OBJECTS: COORDINATES AND TIME. a. understand the basic concepts needed for any astronomical coordinate system.

LOCATING CELESTIAL OBJECTS: COORDINATES AND TIME. a. understand the basic concepts needed for any astronomical coordinate system. UNIT 2 UNIT 2 LOCATING CELESTIAL OBJECTS: COORDINATES AND TIME Goals After mastery of this unit, you should: a. understand the basic concepts needed for any astronomical coordinate system. b. understand

More information

Solar radiation / radiative transfer

Solar radiation / radiative transfer Solar radiation / radiative transfer The sun as a source of energy The sun is the main source of energy for the climate system, exceeding the next importat source (geothermal energy) by 4 orders of magnitude!

More information

Chapter 6. Solar Geometry. Contents

Chapter 6. Solar Geometry. Contents Chapter 6. Solar Geometry Contents 6.1 Introduction 6.2 The Sun 6.3 Elliptical Orbit 6.4 Tilt of the Earth s Axis 6.5 Consequences of the Altitude Angle 6.6 Winter 6.7 The Sun Revolves Around the Earth!

More information

Solutions to Lab Exercise #2: Solar Radiation & Temperature Part II: Exploring & Interpreting Data

Solutions to Lab Exercise #2: Solar Radiation & Temperature Part II: Exploring & Interpreting Data METR 104: Our Dynamic Weather (w/lab) Solutions to Lab Exercise #2: Solar Radiation & Temperature Part II: Exploring & Interpreting Data (10 points) Dr. Dave Dempsey Dept. of Geosciences SFSU, Spring 2013

More information

Motion of the Sun. View Comments

Motion of the Sun. View Comments Login 2017 Survey to Improve Photovoltaic Education Christiana Honsberg and Stuart Bowden View Comments Instructions 1. Introduction 2. Properties of Sunlight 2.1. Basics of Light Properties of Light Energy

More information

Earth s Time Zones. Time Zones In The United States

Earth s Time Zones. Time Zones In The United States Name: Mr. DeLeo Date: Period: Earth s Time Zones Goal: Students will understand why humans have developed time zones on Earth, and how to figure out time at different positions on Earth. Background: One

More information

Stochastic modeling of Extinction coefficients for solar power applications

Stochastic modeling of Extinction coefficients for solar power applications 1(77) Stochastic modeling of Extinction coefficients for solar power applications Ingemar Mathiasson January 2007 Department for Energy and Environment Division of Electric Power Engineering Chalmers University

More information

Integrating the Solar Spectrum

Integrating the Solar Spectrum Integrating the Solar Spectrum PHYS 4400, Principles and Varieties of Solar Energy Instructor: Randy J. Ellingson The University of Toledo January 30, 2014 Pop Quiz Note: quiz does not count toward grade

More information

Photovoltaic Systems Solar Radiation

Photovoltaic Systems Solar Radiation PowerPoint Presentation Photovoltaic Systems Solar Radiation The Sun Solar Radiation Sun- Earth Relationships Array Orientation Solar Radiation Data Sets Estimating Array Performance Arizona Solar Power

More information

Understanding Positional Astronomy Part 2 Celestial Co-ordinates Difficulty: Intermediate

Understanding Positional Astronomy Part 2 Celestial Co-ordinates Difficulty: Intermediate Exercise: Understanding Positional Astronomy Part 2 Celestial Co-ordinates Difficulty: Intermediate Objectives In Part 1 you learned about Celestial Sphere and how the stars appear to move across the night

More information

MAPH & & & & & & 02 LECTURE

MAPH & & & & & & 02 LECTURE Climate & Earth System Science Introduction to Meteorology & Climate MAPH 10050 Peter Lynch Peter Lynch Meteorology & Climate Centre School of Mathematical Sciences University College Dublin Meteorology

More information

The Sun. Fabio Peron Università IUAV - Venezia. Earth-Sun relationships. The Sun. Photosphere (Emits much of the solar radiant power)

The Sun. Fabio Peron Università IUAV - Venezia. Earth-Sun relationships. The Sun. Photosphere (Emits much of the solar radiant power) Università IUAV Venezia Corso di Fisica Tecnica Ambientale Laboratorio Integrato Innovazione-Sostenibilità Sun and solar radiation Fabio Peron Università IUAV - Venezia The Sun The Sun Earth-Sun relationships

More information

USING YOUR FIELD GUIDE AND STAR CHARTS PRELAB

USING YOUR FIELD GUIDE AND STAR CHARTS PRELAB USING YOUR FIELD GUIDE AND STAR CHARTS PRELAB 1. Explain the main differences between using a star wheel and a star chart to find things in the night sky. 2. Explain the terms Hour Angle, Meridian and

More information

Solar Radiation in Thailand:

Solar Radiation in Thailand: Solar Radiation in Thailand: 1970-2010 Jaruek Atthasongkhro (Lecturer in Education, PSU) Chaloemchon Wannathong (Lecturer in Astrophysics, Songkla Rajabhat U) Our study investigated solar energy (which

More information

Global, direct and diffuse radiation measurements at ground by the new Environmental Station of the University of Rome Tor Vergata

Global, direct and diffuse radiation measurements at ground by the new Environmental Station of the University of Rome Tor Vergata Global, direct and diffuse radiation measurements at ground by the new Environmental Station of the University of Rome Tor Vergata A. Spena and C. Cornaro Facoltà di Ingegneria, Dipartimento di Ingegneria

More information

Model 3024 Albedometer. User s Manual 1165 NATIONAL DRIVE SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA WWW. ALLWEATHERINC. COM

Model 3024 Albedometer. User s Manual 1165 NATIONAL DRIVE SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA WWW. ALLWEATHERINC. COM Model 3024 Albedometer User s Manual 1165 NATIONAL DRIVE SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA 95834 WWW. ALLWEATHERINC. COM TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION... 1 THEORY OF OPERATION... 2 General Description... 2 Accuracy...

More information

Establishing a Consistent Calibration Record for Eppley PSPs

Establishing a Consistent Calibration Record for Eppley PSPs Establishing a Consistent Calibration Record for Eppley PSPs Laura Riihimaki Frank Vignola Department of Physics 1274 University of Oregon Eugene, OR 97403-1274 lriihim1@uoregon.edu fev@uoregon.edu ABSTRACT

More information

Principles of Energy Conversion Part 11A. Solar Energy Insolation

Principles of Energy Conversion Part 11A. Solar Energy Insolation Principles of Energy Conversion Part 11A. Solar Energy Insolation April 19, 2018 19 Solar Radiation 3 19.1 Overview and Background.............................. 3 19.2 Solar Energy......................................

More information

CONSTRUCTION AND CALIBRATION OF A LOCAL PYRANOMETER AND ITS USE IN THE MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY OF SOLAR RADIATION

CONSTRUCTION AND CALIBRATION OF A LOCAL PYRANOMETER AND ITS USE IN THE MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY OF SOLAR RADIATION NIJOTECH VOL. 11, NO. 1 SEPTEMBER 1987 OKEKE AND ANUFOROM 44 CONSTRUCTION AND CALIBRATION OF A LOCAL PYRANOMETER AND ITS USE IN THE MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY OF SOLAR RADIATION BY C.E. OKEKE and A.C. ANUFOROM

More information

COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR THE ANGLES DESCRIBING THE SUN S APPARENT MOVEMENT IN THE SKY

COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR THE ANGLES DESCRIBING THE SUN S APPARENT MOVEMENT IN THE SKY COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR THE ANGLES DESCRIBING THE SUN S APPARENT MOVEMENT IN THE SKY B. BUTUC 1 Gh. MOLDOVEAN 1 Abstract: The paper presents software developed for the determination of the Sun-Earth geometry.

More information

LECTURE 3 - SOLAR ENERGY AND SOLAR RADIATION -

LECTURE 3 - SOLAR ENERGY AND SOLAR RADIATION - LECTURE 3 - SOLAR ENERGY AND SOLAR RADIATION - Prof. Marco Perino DENER Politecnico di Torino C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 Torino e-mail: marco.perino@polito.it http://areeweb.polito.it/ricerca/tebe/

More information

Solar Insolation and Earth Radiation Budget Measurements

Solar Insolation and Earth Radiation Budget Measurements Week 13: November 19-23 Solar Insolation and Earth Radiation Budget Measurements Topics: 1. Daily solar insolation calculations 2. Orbital variations effect on insolation 3. Total solar irradiance measurements

More information

Estimation of Hourly Global Solar Radiation for Composite Climate

Estimation of Hourly Global Solar Radiation for Composite Climate Open Environmental Sciences, 28, 2, 34-38 34 Estimation of Hourly Global Solar Radiation for Composite Climate M. Jamil Ahmad and G.N. Tiwari * Open Access Center for Energy Studies, ndian nstitute of

More information

Research On Sun Shadow Positioning Genetic Algorithm Based On BP Neural Network Xu Ying

Research On Sun Shadow Positioning Genetic Algorithm Based On BP Neural Network Xu Ying 2nd International Conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Informatics (AMEII 2016) Research On Sun Shadow Positioning Genetic Algorithm Based On BP Neural Network Xu Ying North

More information

Solar Time, Angles, and Irradiance Calculator: User Manual

Solar Time, Angles, and Irradiance Calculator: User Manual Solar Time, Angles, and Irradiance Calculator: User Manual Circular 674 Thomas Jenkins and Gabriel Bolivar-Mendoza 1 Cooperative Extension Service Engineering New Mexico Resource Network College of Agricultural,

More information

Oppgavesett kap. 4 (1 av 2) GEF2200

Oppgavesett kap. 4 (1 av 2) GEF2200 Oppgavesett kap. 4 (1 av 2) GEF2200 hans.brenna@geo.uio.no Exercise 1: Wavelengths and wavenumbers (We will NOT go through this in the group session) What's the relation between wavelength and wavenumber?

More information

announcements 4/29/08

announcements 4/29/08 Solar Geometry ARCH 331/431 Spring 2008 Lecture 9 announcements 4/29/08 Firm of the Month Presentation: SRG Architects Wednesday May 30, 12:30, ARCH 042 Assignment 4: Shading Model Studies Available Thursday;

More information

L9 Solar Geometry 4/29/08

L9 Solar Geometry 4/29/08 Solar Geometry ARCH 331/431 Spring 2008 Lecture 9 announcements 4/29/08 Firm of the Month Presentation: SRG Architects Wednesday May 30, 12:30, ARCH 042 Assignment 4: Shading Model Studies Available Thursday;

More information

Photovoltaic Systems Engineering

Photovoltaic Systems Engineering Photovoltaic Systems Engineering Ali Karimpour Associate Professor Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Reference for this lecture: Photovoltaic Systems Engineering Third Edition CRC Roger Messenger, Jerry Ventre

More information

Lecture Notes Prepared by Mike Foster Spring 2007

Lecture Notes Prepared by Mike Foster Spring 2007 Lecture Notes Prepared by Mike Foster Spring 2007 Solar Radiation Sources: K. N. Liou (2002) An Introduction to Atmospheric Radiation, Chapter 1, 2 S. Q. Kidder & T. H. Vander Haar (1995) Satellite Meteorology:

More information

atmospheric influences on insolation & the fate of solar radiation interaction of terrestrial radiation with atmospheric gases

atmospheric influences on insolation & the fate of solar radiation interaction of terrestrial radiation with atmospheric gases Goals for today: 19 Sept., 2011 Finish Ch 2 Solar Radiation & the Seasons Start Ch 3 Energy Balance & Temperature Ch 3 will take us through: atmospheric influences on insolation & the fate of solar radiation

More information

LP PYRA Installation and Mounting of the Pyranometer for the Measurement of Global Radiation:

LP PYRA Installation and Mounting of the Pyranometer for the Measurement of Global Radiation: CENTRO DI TARATURA SIT N 124 TEL. +39.049.8977150 r.a. FAX +39.049.635596 1 Introduction LP PYRA 03 The LP PYRA 03 pyranometer measures the irradiance on a plane surface (Watt/ m 2 ). Measured irradiance

More information

Responsivity of an Eppley NIP as a Function of Time and Temperature

Responsivity of an Eppley NIP as a Function of Time and Temperature Responsivity of an Eppley NIP as a Function of Time and Temperature By Abstract: Frank Vignola Physics Department 174 University of Oregon Eugene, OR 97403-174 Ibrahim Reda National Renewable Energy Laboratory

More information

PHYS 4400, Principles and Varieties of Solar Energy Instructor: Randy J. Ellingson The University of Toledo

PHYS 4400, Principles and Varieties of Solar Energy Instructor: Randy J. Ellingson The University of Toledo Sunlight PHYS 4400, Principles and Varieties of Solar Energy Instructor: Randy J. Ellingson The University of Toledo January 22, 2013 Update on Ohio s fuels for electricity generation Trends observed since

More information

Coordinates on the Sphere

Coordinates on the Sphere Survey Observations Coordinates on the Sphere Any position on the surface of a sphere (such as the Earth or the night sky) can be expressed in terms of the angular coordinates latitude and longitude Latitude

More information

Solar Radiation 1.1 THE SUN

Solar Radiation 1.1 THE SUN 1 Solar Radiation The sun s structure and characteristics determine the nature of the energy it radiates into space. The first major topic in this chapter concerns the characteristics of this energy outside

More information

HEATING THE ATMOSPHERE

HEATING THE ATMOSPHERE HEATING THE ATMOSPHERE Earth and Sun 99.9% of Earth s heat comes from Sun But

More information

Limb Darkening. Limb Darkening. Limb Darkening. Limb Darkening. Empirical Limb Darkening. Betelgeuse. At centre see hotter gas than at edges

Limb Darkening. Limb Darkening. Limb Darkening. Limb Darkening. Empirical Limb Darkening. Betelgeuse. At centre see hotter gas than at edges Limb Darkening Sun Betelgeuse Limb Darkening Stars are both redder and dimmer at the edges Sun Limb Darkening Betelgeuse Limb Darkening Can also be understood in terms of temperature within the solar photosphere.

More information

Solar resource. Radiation from the Sun Atmospheric effects Insolation maps Tracking the Sun PV in urban environment

Solar resource. Radiation from the Sun Atmospheric effects Insolation maps Tracking the Sun PV in urban environment SOLAR RESOURCE 1 Solar resource Radiation from the Sun Atmospheric effects Insolation maps Tracking the Sun PV in urban environment 2 Solar resource Solar resource is immense Human energy use: 4.0x10 14

More information

Chapter 5. Daylighting

Chapter 5. Daylighting Chapter 5. Daylighting 5.1. History of Daylighting The history of daylighting and the history of architecture were one. The major structural changes in buildings reflected the goal of increasing the amount

More information

MiSP Astronomy - Seasons Worksheet #1 L2

MiSP Astronomy - Seasons Worksheet #1 L2 MiSP Astronomy - Seasons Worksheet #1 L2 Name Date Changing Hours of Daylight on Long Island (L 1, 2, 3) Introduction You sometimes hear people say, Days are longer in the summer and shorter in the winter.

More information

ATM 507 Lecture 4. Text reading Chapters 3 and 4 Today s topics Chemistry, Radiation and Photochemistry review. Problem Set 1: due Sept.

ATM 507 Lecture 4. Text reading Chapters 3 and 4 Today s topics Chemistry, Radiation and Photochemistry review. Problem Set 1: due Sept. ATM 507 Lecture 4 Text reading Chapters 3 and 4 Today s topics Chemistry, Radiation and Photochemistry review Problem Set 1: due Sept. 11 Temperature Dependence of Rate Constants Reaction rates change

More information

EE Properties of Sunlight. Y. Baghzouz Professor of Electrical Engineering

EE Properties of Sunlight. Y. Baghzouz Professor of Electrical Engineering EE 495-695 2.2 Properties of Sunlight Y. Baghzouz Professor of Electrical Engineering Azimuth angle The azimuth angle is the compass direction from which the sunlight is coming. At the equinoxes, the sun

More information

Motions of the Sun Model Exploration

Motions of the Sun Model Exploration Name Date Bell Motions of the Sun Model Exploration 1. Go to the University of Nebraska-Lincoln Motions of the Sun Simulator: http://astro.unl.edu/naap/motion3/animations/sunmotions.swf 2. This is what

More information

A Sky Full of Stars - II.

A Sky Full of Stars - II. A Sky Full of Stars - II. Learning Objectives! What is the latitude of the Equator and of the Earth s North and South Poles? What is the declination of the Celestial Equator and of the Celestial Poles?!

More information

AVAILABLE SOLAR RADIATION THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

AVAILABLE SOLAR RADIATION THEORETICAL BACKGROUND AVAILABLE SOLAR RADIATION THEORETICAL BACKGROUND DETERMINING THE OPTIMUM ORIENTATION OF A GREENHOUSE ON THE BASIS OF THE TOTAL SOLAR RADIATION AVAILABILITY THE SOLAR CONSTANT At a distance of one astronomical

More information

XI. DIFFUSE GLOBAL CORRELATIONS: SEASONAL VARIATIONS

XI. DIFFUSE GLOBAL CORRELATIONS: SEASONAL VARIATIONS XI. DIFFUSE GLOBAL CORRELATIONS: SEASONAL VARIATIONS Estimating the performance of a solar system requires an accurate assessment of incident solar radiation. Ordinarily, solar radiation is measured on

More information

Section 2: The Science of Solar Energy

Section 2: The Science of Solar Energy Section 2: The Science of Solar Energy SECTION 2: THE SCIENCE OF SOLAR ENERGY Solar Radiation 9 Solar radiation outside the earth s atmosphere is called extraterrestrial radiation. On average the extraterrestrial

More information

POTW #13-11 Photographic Dating

POTW #13-11 Photographic Dating POTW #13-11 Photographic Dating Finding When A Photograph On Google Earth Was Taken John Snyder, FSA October 26, 2012 17:30 EST Problem Locate West Point on Google Maps. Determine the time, day, month,

More information

Equatorial Telescope Mounting

Equatorial Telescope Mounting Equatorial Telescope Mounting Star Catalogs simbad IRSA The Meridian Every line of celestial longitude is a meridian of longitude, but we recognize the line of longitude, or simply the great circle line,

More information

Optimizing the Photovoltaic Solar Energy Capture on Sunny and Cloudy Days Using a Solar Tracking System

Optimizing the Photovoltaic Solar Energy Capture on Sunny and Cloudy Days Using a Solar Tracking System Optimizing the Photovoltaic Solar Energy Capture on Sunny and Cloudy Days Using a Solar Tracking System Nelson A. Kelly and Thomas L. Gibson Chemical Sciences and Material Systems Laboratory General Motors

More information

Phys Lab #1: The Sun and the Constellations

Phys Lab #1: The Sun and the Constellations Phys 10293 Lab #1: The Sun and the Constellations Introduction Astronomers use a coordinate system that is fixed to Earth s latitude and longitude. This way, the coordinates of a star or planet are the

More information

Development and Validation of Flat-Plate Collector Testing Procedures

Development and Validation of Flat-Plate Collector Testing Procedures Development and Validation of Flat-Plate Collector Testing Procedures Report for January, 2007 Focus on Energy (FOE) supports solar thermal systems that displace conventional fuels by offering cash-back

More information

CLASSICS. Handbook of Solar Radiation Data for India

CLASSICS. Handbook of Solar Radiation Data for India Solar radiation data is necessary for calculating cooling load for buildings, prediction of local air temperature and for the estimating power that can be generated from photovoltaic cells. Solar radiation

More information

Radiative Equilibrium Models. Solar radiation reflected by the earth back to space. Solar radiation absorbed by the earth

Radiative Equilibrium Models. Solar radiation reflected by the earth back to space. Solar radiation absorbed by the earth I. The arth as a Whole (Atmosphere and Surface Treated as One Layer) Longwave infrared (LWIR) radiation earth to space by the earth back to space Incoming solar radiation Top of the Solar radiation absorbed

More information

Oberth: Energy vs. Momentum

Oberth: Energy vs. Momentum 1 2 The Oberth Effect 3 Oberth: Energy vs. Momentum 4 The Celestial Sphere From our perspective on Earth the stars appear embedded on a distant 2-dimensional surface the Celestial Sphere. 5 The Celestial

More information

Correcting Global Shortwave Irradiance Measurements for Platform Tilt

Correcting Global Shortwave Irradiance Measurements for Platform Tilt Correcting Global Shortwave Irradiance Measurements for Platform Tilt R. Michael Reynolds RMR Company, Brookhaven NY 11719 USA January 11, 2007 Abstract This technical memo describes an algorithm for correcting

More information

BSRN STATION DESCRIPTION

BSRN STATION DESCRIPTION Description page 1-7 valid until 2014-12-31, for the description from 2015-01-01 on see page 8-14 BSRN STATION STATION MANAGER Atmospheric Environment Division, Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) Address:

More information

AT622 Section 5 The Sun

AT622 Section 5 The Sun AT622 Section 5 The Sun The main aim here is to acquaint the student with basic radiative properties of the sun and the factors that govern the disposition of solar radiation received at Earth. 5.1 The

More information

(1) Over the course of a day, the sun angle at any particular place varies. Why?

(1) Over the course of a day, the sun angle at any particular place varies. Why? (1) Over the course of a day, the sun angle at any particular place varies. Why? (Note: Although all responses below are true statements, only one of them actually explains the observation!) (A)The sun

More information

MiSP Astronomy Seasons Worksheet #1 L1

MiSP Astronomy Seasons Worksheet #1 L1 MiSP Astronomy Seasons Worksheet #1 L1 Name Date CHANGING HOURS OF DAYLIGHT ON LONG ISLAND Introduction You sometimes hear people say, Days are longer in the summer and shorter in the winter. That is a

More information

THE EXOSPHERIC HEAT BUDGET

THE EXOSPHERIC HEAT BUDGET E&ES 359, 2008, p.1 THE EXOSPHERIC HEAT BUDGET What determines the temperature on earth? In this course we are interested in quantitative aspects of the fundamental processes that drive the earth machine.

More information

Exploration Phase What are the differences between these pictures?

Exploration Phase What are the differences between these pictures? Light Power and seasons Exploration Phase What are the differences between these pictures? 1 Lab Activity: Lab Activity Obtain a Styrofoam ball. This will represent the earth. Stick a push pin into the

More information

Topics: Visible & Infrared Measurement Principal Radiation and the Planck Function Infrared Radiative Transfer Equation

Topics: Visible & Infrared Measurement Principal Radiation and the Planck Function Infrared Radiative Transfer Equation Review of Remote Sensing Fundamentals Allen Huang Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies Space Science & Engineering Center University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA Topics: Visible & Infrared

More information

PV 2012/2013. Radiation from the Sun Atmospheric effects Insolation maps Tracking the Sun PV in urban environment

PV 2012/2013. Radiation from the Sun Atmospheric effects Insolation maps Tracking the Sun PV in urban environment SOLAR RESOURCE Radiation from the Sun Atmospheric effects Insolation maps Tracking the Sun PV in urban environment 1 is immense Human energy use: 4.0x10 14 kwh/year on Earth s surface: 5.5x10 17 kwh/year

More information

Amplified Pyranometer SP-212 & 215

Amplified Pyranometer SP-212 & 215 Amplified Pyranometer SP-212 & 215 Amplified Pyranometer Sensor This sensor is calibrated to measure total shortwave radiation. The evaporation of water from soil and the transpiration of water from plant

More information

E d. h, c o, k are all parameters from quantum physics. We need not worry about their precise definition here.

E d. h, c o, k are all parameters from quantum physics. We need not worry about their precise definition here. The actual form of Plank s law is: b db d b 5 e C C2 1 T 1 where: C 1 = 2hc o 2 = 3.7210 8 Wm /m 2 C 2 = hc o /k = 1.3910 mk Where: h, c o, k are all parameters from quantum physics. We need not worry

More information

Assessing the Radiative Impact of Clouds of Low Optical Depth

Assessing the Radiative Impact of Clouds of Low Optical Depth Assessing the Radiative Impact of Clouds of Low Optical Depth W. O'Hirok and P. Ricchiazzi Institute for Computational Earth System Science University of California Santa Barbara, California C. Gautier

More information

RadCalNet Quick Start Guide. RadCalNet Quick Start Guide

RadCalNet Quick Start Guide. RadCalNet Quick Start Guide RadCalNet Quick Start Guide RadCalNet Quick Start Guide 1. Scope of the document... 2 2. How to access the RadCalNet data?... 2 3. RadCalNet: which data for which purpose?... 2 4. How to use the data?...

More information

ASTRONOMICAL NAVIGATION

ASTRONOMICAL NAVIGATION Basic terms ASTRONOMICAL NAVIGATION *astronomical navigation *compilation *astronomical tabels *celestial observations *solution of a sight * Sun/Moon/star sight *spherical trigonometry *PZX triangle *celestial

More information

1. Weather and climate.

1. Weather and climate. Lecture 31. Introduction to climate and climate change. Part 1. Objectives: 1. Weather and climate. 2. Earth s radiation budget. 3. Clouds and radiation field. Readings: Turco: p. 320-349; Brimblecombe:

More information

Agricultural Science Climatology Semester 2, Anne Green / Richard Thompson

Agricultural Science Climatology Semester 2, Anne Green / Richard Thompson Agricultural Science Climatology Semester 2, 2006 Anne Green / Richard Thompson http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/ag/agschome.htm Course Coordinator: Mike Wheatland Course Goals Evaluate & interpret information,

More information

Physical Basics of Remote-Sensing with Satellites

Physical Basics of Remote-Sensing with Satellites - Physical Basics of Remote-Sensing with Satellites Dr. K. Dieter Klaes EUMETSAT Meteorological Division Am Kavalleriesand 31 D-64295 Darmstadt dieter.klaes@eumetsat.int Slide: 1 EUM/MET/VWG/09/0162 MET/DK

More information

THE SOLAR RESOURCE: PART I MINES ParisTech Center Observation, Impacts, Energy (Tel.: +33 (0) )

THE SOLAR RESOURCE: PART I MINES ParisTech Center Observation, Impacts, Energy (Tel.: +33 (0) ) MASTER REST Solar Resource Part I THE SOLAR RESOURCE: PART I MINES ParisTech Center Observation, Impacts, Energy philippe.blanc@mines-paristech.fr (Tel.: +33 (0)4 93 95 74 04) MASTER REST Solar Resource

More information

Measuring the Temperature of the Sun

Measuring the Temperature of the Sun Measuring the Temperature of the Sun Purpose: In this lab you will measure the solar flux, the amount of energy per unit area per unit time that reaches the Earth from the Sun. From this, you will calculate

More information

For most observers on Earth, the sun rises in the eastern

For most observers on Earth, the sun rises in the eastern 632 CHAPTER 25: EARTH, SUN, AND SEASONS WHAT IS THE SUN S APPARENT PATH ACROSS THE SKY? For most observers on Earth, the sun rises in the eastern part of the sky. The sun reaches its greatest angular altitude

More information

EGEE 437: HWK #2. Brownson. Yaqdaan Alkayyoomi, Mackenzie Ailes, Nicholas Minutillo, Sheel Vora. Group 17. Due on Thursday, Feb.

EGEE 437: HWK #2. Brownson. Yaqdaan Alkayyoomi, Mackenzie Ailes, Nicholas Minutillo, Sheel Vora. Group 17. Due on Thursday, Feb. EGEE 437: HWK #2 Group 17 Due on Thursday, Feb. 18, 2016 Brownson Yaqdaan Alkayyoomi, Mackenzie Ailes, Nicholas Minutillo, Sheel Vora Contents Problem 5.1............................................ 2

More information

Lecture 3: Global Energy Cycle

Lecture 3: Global Energy Cycle Lecture 3: Global Energy Cycle Planetary energy balance Greenhouse Effect Vertical energy balance Latitudinal energy balance Seasonal and diurnal cycles Solar Flux and Flux Density Solar Luminosity (L)

More information

Earth Motions Packet 14

Earth Motions Packet 14 Earth Motions Packet 14 Your Name Group Members Score Minutes Standard 4 Key Idea 1 Performance Indicator 1.1 Explain complex phenomena, such as tides, variations in day length, solar insolation, apparent

More information

A Warm Up Exercise. The Motion of the Sun. A Warm Up Exercise. A Warm Up Exercise. A Warm Up Exercise

A Warm Up Exercise. The Motion of the Sun. A Warm Up Exercise. A Warm Up Exercise. A Warm Up Exercise A Warm Up Exercise The Motion of the Sun Which of the following is NOT true of a circumpolar star? a) It rises and sets from my latitude b) Its direction can be far North c) Its direction can be far South

More information

The Celestial Sphere. From our perspective on Earth the stars appear embedded on a distant 2 dimensional surface the Celestial Sphere.

The Celestial Sphere. From our perspective on Earth the stars appear embedded on a distant 2 dimensional surface the Celestial Sphere. 1 The Celestial Sphere From our perspective on Earth the stars appear embedded on a distant 2 dimensional surface the Celestial Sphere. 2 The Celestial Sphere Although we know better, it is helpful to

More information

SUN SIGHT REDUCTION CALCULATIONS

SUN SIGHT REDUCTION CALCULATIONS SUN SIGHT REDUCTION CALCULATIONS Date: Ship s time: GMT at sight: h m s DR Position: Lat º N/S Long º E/W Ass Position: Lat º N/S Long º E/W GHA: º Decl: º N/S d = +/- Incrmnt º Corr: +/- GHA: º Decl:

More information