The Future of SLAC Particle Physics and Astrophysics
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1 The Future of SLAC Particle Physics and Astrophysics David MacFarlane Associate Laboratory Director for PPA August 30, 2010 The Future of SLAC Particle Physics and Astrophysics 1
2 Rich science opportunities and a rich toolkit The Future of SLAC Particle Physics 2 and Astrophysics 2
3 SLAC Particle Physics & Astrophysics Accelerator research: ILC, high-gradient, plasma-wakefield, laser Accelerator-based particle physics: ATLAS & BABAR Particle astrophysics: EXO-200, CDMS Astrophysics & Cosmology: Fermi GST, DES Engineering, DAQ, trigger & computing core capabilities Particle, Astrophysics, & Cosmology Theory The Future of SLAC Particle Physics and Astrophysics 3
4 Astrophysics and Cosmology Leading particle-astrophysics and cosmology: Operating the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope and continuing scientific discoveries with this unique observatory Mapping the high-energy gamma-ray universe with exquisite precision See talk by Nicola Omodei The Future of SLAC Particle Physics and Astrophysics 4
5 Frontiers of particle physics and cosmology Guidance also from Particle Astrophysics Scientific Assessment Group Guidance from Decadal Survey ASTRO2010 From the P-5 HEPAP Subpanel Report, May 2008 The Future of SLAC Particle Physics and Astrophysics 5
6 Energy Frontier Science Directions Future energyfrontier accelerators Higgs, SUSY, discovery physics Accelerator research: ILC, high-gradient, plasma-wakefield, laser Particle astrophysics: EXO-200, CDMS Accelerator-based particle physics: ATLAS & BABAR Astrophysics & Cosmology: Fermi GST, DES The Future of SLAC Particle Physics and Astrophysics 6
7 ATLAS integrated luminosity vs time (from first s =7 TeV collisions on 30 March to beginning of ICHEP on 22 July) (stable beams) 2.55 TeV mass di-jet event From Fabiola Gianotti s ICHEP2010 talk 1 st top-quark candidate 1 st W 1 st Z Peak luminosity in ATLAS L~1.6 x cm -2 s -1 Overall data taking efficiency (with full detector on): 95% The Future of SLAC Particle Physics and Astrophysics 7
8 Highest-mass di-jet event observed so far: M jj = 2.55 TeV From Fabiola Gianotti s ICHEP2010 talk See talk by Beate Heinemann The Future pof T (j SLAC 1 )=420 Particle GeV Physics Event display and Astrophysics shows 8 p T (j 2 )=320 GeV uncalibrated energies
9 ATLAS effort at SLAC and the LHC National planning constraints on LHC program growth OHEP does not intend to grow LHC program beyond present levels Growth plans at SLAC sharply curtailed as well, but still a central part of our particle physics program with ~25 FTEs Revised timeline for the LHC and upgrades Current LHC planning pushes high-luminosity program to 2020 No major DOE upgrade investments for coming 5 years at least Present focus of SLAC effort Proton research and M&O: Bringing detector into operation, computing support through Tier 2 center, working with US ATLAS community on initial physics exploitation, near-term upgrade R&D Detector R&D: generic longer-term upgrade R&D for high luminosity The Future of SLAC Particle Physics and Astrophysics 9
10 Next Energy Frontier machine Strong partner in International Linear Collider (ILC) R&D GDE plan for R&D and TDR development by 2012 Reduced longer-term R&D effort thereafter, unless project launched High gradient research pursued in conjunction with CERN s Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) effort Collaboration with GDE on many systems & ILC detector community Participant in Muon Collider R&D program led by Fermilab Part of Fermilab s long-term strategy building on high-power proton sources: Project-X, neutrino factory, and muon collider Major technical challenges to be addressed Exploring other warm rf strategies with CERN, KEK Physics or cost may drive international community to consider a broader approach to energy frontier lepton colliders The Future of SLAC Particle Physics and Astrophysics 10
11 The LC-X Option & X-band Technology Provide a lower-cost expandable LC option Develop a linear collider design aiming at a substantially lower cost but with lower risk than CLIC design 300~500 GeV LC option expandable to multi-tev CLIC-like design Develop technology with broad application across OS Low cost compact acceleration applications such as storage ring injectors, FEL light source drivers, compact linacs for security, industry and medicine Core capability in rf and linac design SLAC provides Office of Science (and the world) with a core capability in normal conducting rf linac design and fabrication Opportunities Understood rf source, lower construction cost, possible expansion pathway using CLIC two-beam approach for higher energies The Future of SLAC Particle Physics and Astrophysics 11
12 Developing X-band structures & sources program 5-10 years 2-5 years 0-2 years Transformational research in structures Structures and sources development Developing industrial capability Expansion of national HG effort Continuum: research leads to development leads to applications Linear Collider Compact FEL Transformational Core capability in Injectors research in X-band Security & medical sources technology rf undulators & other applications Keystone for R&D effort The Future of SLAC Particle Physics and Astrophysics 12
13 Plasma Acceleration: 1000x present gradients FACET Demonstrate feasibility for controlled electron/positron bunch acceleration Future 50 GV/m linear collider or compact radiation source Simulation of 25 GeV PWFA stage Witness bunch Drive bunch See talk by Tor Raubenheimer The Future of SLAC Particle Physics and Astrophysics 13
14 Future lepton collider detector program HEP labs have developed a white paper on physics and detector R&D at lepton colliders shared with the DPF Advocates a common program across lepton collider efforts Argues that the broad physics goals of any lepton collider are similar, even if operational conditions are very different Argues that we will need an objective comparison of the options as part of the process for defining an overall lepton collider strategy Argues that this approach allows each effort to benefit from progress and accomplishments in the others Argues that this approach ensures work is done in a coherent, efficient and cost effective way Argues that this approach will help define detector R&D needs and priorities The Future of SLAC Particle Physics and Astrophysics 14
15 Intensity Frontier Expand accelerator luminosity frontiers Science Directions New physics properties from flavor sector Nature of the neutrino Accelerator research: ILC, high-gradient, plasma-wakefield, laser Particle astrophysics: EXO-200, CDMS Accelerator-based particle physics: ATLAS & BABAR Astrophysics & Cosmology: Fermi GST, DES The Future of SLAC Particle Physics and Astrophysics 15
16 Next generation flavor physics: Super B Factories Opportunity to pursue discovery science complementing the LHC energy frontier explorations: Measurements of the flavor couplings will allow a deeper understanding of the nature of any New Physics Same measurements are sensitive to New Physics at energy scales 5-10 times direct production at the LHC Two projects under development: SuperKEKB in Japan & SuperB in Italy Opportunity to broaden the scope of the US experimental HEP program DOE & SLAC would have major enabling role for the SuperB project with in-kind contributions of PEP II & BABAR components Recent DOE review of possible new intensity fontier investments will guide the next steps See talk by Mike Sokoloff The Future of SLAC Particle Physics and Astrophysics 16
17 Enriched Xenon Observatory (EXO-200) Search for neutrinoless double beta decay in 200 kg of 136 Xe Occurs if neutrinos are Majorana & lepton number violated Rate is proportional to <m ν > 2 EXO-200 currently being set up at WIPP TPC is in its cryostat Should be taking data with natural xenon by fall of 2010 The Future of SLAC Particle Physics and Astrophysics 17
18 Cosmic Frontier Science Directions Accelerator research: ILC, high-gradient, plasma-wakefield, laser Particle astrophysics: EXO-200, CDMS Accelerator-based particle physics: ATLAS & BABAR Astrophysics & Cosmology: Fermi GST, DES Inflation Direct dark matter searches Cosmic dark matter & cosmic rays Dark Energy The Future of SLAC Particle Physics and Astrophysics 18
19 Large Synoptic Survey Telescope LSST is planned as a collaborative NSF and DOE-HEP project NSF provides the telescope & data system DOE the 3.2 Gigapixel camera SLAC led consortium developing the key camera technologies Northern Chile The Future of SLAC Particle Physics and Astrophysics 19
20 Sloan Present: Digital Sloan Sky Digital SurveySky Survey 7.5 arcminutes The Future of SLAC Particle Physics and Astrophysics 20
21 LSST Future: -- almost LSST simulation 7.5 arcminutes 2800 galaxies i<25 mag The Future of SLAC Particle Physics and Astrophysics 21
22 LSST Future: -- almost LSST simulation LSST probes Dark Energy in multiple ways 7.5 arcminutes Cosmic shear (growth of structure + cosmic geometry) Counts of massive structures vs redshift (growth of structure) Baryon acoustic oscillations (angular diameter distance) Measurements of Type 1a SNe (luminosity distance) Mass power spectrum on very large scales tests CDM paradigm Shortest scales of dark matter clumping tests models of dark matter particle physics 2800 galaxies i<25 mag The Future of SLAC Particle Physics and Astrophysics 22
23 LSST Future: -- almost LSST simulation 7.5 arcminutes Dark Energy Equation of state w = w 0 + (1-a)w a a = (1+z) galaxies i<25 mag The Future of SLAC Particle Physics and Astrophysics 23
24 LSST evolution DOE camera team SLAC managed consortium, including BNL and university groups Significant R&D and vendor development effort on the last several years Camera integration and assembly would occur at SLAC Recent developments: Recommended by NRC Decadal Survey (ASTRO2010) with highest priority for DOE & NSF funding Exploring international funding contributions along with DOE for camera system in context of NSF-led overall project Continuing to build up scientific and technical team Addressing technical challenges in the camera and data management areas with R&D effort The Future of SLAC Particle Physics and Astrophysics 24
25 Possible LSST timeline Then year $ Construction/MREFC Commissioning/Operations $M 60 R&D 40 DOE camera costs NSF costs Other funding 20 0 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17 FY18 FY19 FY20 FY21 CD-0 CD-1 CD-2 CD-4 The Future of SLAC Particle Physics and Astrophysics 25
26 Evolution of dark matter program: SuperCDMS HEPAP subpanel (PASAG) recommended direct dark matter experiments with high priority Two 2nd generation experiments and the 100kg SuperCDMS SNOLAB experiment should be started as soon as possible The Future of SLAC Particle Physics and Astrophysics 26
27 SuperCDMS evolution Project organization Fermilab overall project lead, with SLAC taking on Germanium Tower System, Software & Computing, and supporting role on Project Management Recent developments: Focusing on developing on SLAC experience with germanium sensors & cryogenic systems, and underground construction Along with Fermilab, helping CDMS Collaboration transition to largescale project planning DOE planning a generic CD-0 for dark matter and we are discussing the scope of the next generation SNOLab experiment See talk by Eduardo Do Couto E Silva The Future of SLAC Particle Physics and Astrophysics 27
28 Ideal CDMS timeline Fabrication & assembly of SuperCDMS at Soudan (15kg) Operation R&D for SuperCDMS at SNOLab (100kg) Fabrication & assembly Operation Concept for GeoDM at DUSEL (1T) R&D Sensor fabrication Assembly Operation The Future of SLAC Particle Physics and Astrophysics 28
29 Advanced Gamma-ray Imaging System (AGIS) Now CTA Next-generation groundbased γ-ray observatory Based on an array of Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes 10x increase in sensitivity versus current experiments Large area, fine angular resolution, improved background rejection Timeline R&D and prototype ~2015 FY09 & FY10 LDRD funding AGIS Sensitivity to annihilation cross-section The Future of SLAC Particle Physics and Astrophysics 29
30 B-mode polarization of CMB background Probe energy scale of inflation; constrain sum of neutrino masses Still need 1-2 orders of magnitude improvement in sensitivity Next-generation ground-based CMB arrays BICEP/BICEP-II Keck array POLAR-1/POLAR array bolometer-based detection FY11 LDRD requested QUaD QUIET-1/QUIET-2 radiometry-based detection FY09 & FY10 LDRD funding Timeline Will likely remain small scale projects through ~2015 The Future of SLAC Particle Physics and Astrophysics 30
31 Energy Frontier Intensity Frontier Cosmic Frontier Snapshot in 5 years Accelerator research: Super B, LC, high-gradient, plasma-wakefield, laser Accelerator-based particle physics: ATLAS, Super B Particle astrophysics: EXO-200, SuperCDMS Astrophysics & Cosmology: Fermi GST, LSST The Future of SLAC Particle Physics and Astrophysics 31
32 Energy Frontier Intensity Frontier Cosmic Frontier Snapshot in 5 years ATLAS upgrades LC demo, FACET phase II Accelerator research: Super B, LC, high-gradient, plasma-wakefield, laser LHC upgrades, Project-X Accelerator-based particle physics: ATLAS, Super B Particle astrophysics: EXO-200, SuperCDMS Astrophysics & Cosmology: Fermi GST, LSST EXO GeoDM AGIS The Future of SLAC Particle Physics and Astrophysics CMB 32
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