Physics Homework 4 Fall 2015

Transcription

1 1) How were the rings of Uranus discovered? 1) A) by Percival Lowell, who observed two "bumps" on either side of Uranus B) photometric observations of the occultation of a star made from Earth C) by Voyager 2 when it passed by Uranus in 1986 D) by the Hubble Space Telescope in the infrared E) by William Herschel, while he also found the two largest moons 2) Shepherd moons were discovered because scientists hypothesized their existence after observing2) A) the backlit E Ring. B) the narrow F Ring. C) the spiral density waves in the ring system. D) that the gaps are not empty space, but low density regions of material. E) the Cassini Gap. 3) What is the space probe that is currently oribing Saturn and is responisble for numerous discoveries of storms and weather patterns in Saturn's atmosphere called? 3) A) Galileo. B) New Horizons. C) Encke. D) Cassini. E) Messenger. 4) Small deviations in a planet's orbital motion 4) A) show we don't fully understand gravitational forces yet. B) imply the nearby presence of a massive body. C) indicate the presence of an extensive atmosphere. D) indicate the presence of a powerful magnetic field. E) show the planet's orbit isn't stable. 5) The wind speeds found in the bands and zones of Saturn, compared to those on Jupiter, are about 5) A) the same. B) 2 times slower. C) 3 times slower. D) 2 times faster. E) 3 times faster. 6) What is the source of Jupiter's nonthermal radio radiation? 6) A) charged particles moving in a magnetic field B) the Great Red Spot C) thermonuclear fusion in Jupiter's core D) metallic hydrogen swirling in the planet's interior E) the gravitational attraction of Jupiter's moons 7) The atmosphere of Titan is composed mostly of: 7) A) oxygen. B) nitrogen

2 C) carbon dioxide. D) methane. E) hydrogen. 8) Essentially, the Great Red Spot is 8) A) composed primarily of iron oxide. B) Neptune's largest atmospheric feature. C) traveling north and south across Jupiter's face. D) a large cyclonic storm (hurricane). E) always located within 10 degrees of Jupiter's north pole. 9) Why does Saturn radiate even more excess energy than Jupiter? 9) A) Saturn's atmosphere contains much methane, creating a large Greenhouse effect. B) Saturn can fuse hydrogen into helium in its core, like the Sun. C) Saturn is still radiating heat left over from its formation. D) Saturn's thick cloud layer contributes to a larger greenhouse effect. E) Helium rain gives off heat as it differentiates toward Saturn's center. 10) How does the heat Jupiter radiates compare to the energy it receives from the Sun? 10) A) They are equal, as you would expect for a highly reflective planet. B) Jupiter radiates back into space about twice the energy it gets from the Sun. C) Jupiter is a brown dwarf, about a hundred times less luminous than the Sun. D) Jupiter is a red dwarf, about a tenth the Sun's luminosity. E) Jupiter's dark belts absorb most of the solar radiation, so it is cooler in the infrared. 11) What makes Mimas a distinct moon? 11) A) It is the largest of Saturn's moons. B) It has a rich atmosphere that may resemble that of the early Earth. C) It helps maintain a wide apparent gap in Saturn's rings, known as Encke's Division. D) The leading hemisphere is very dark, while the back side is bright ice. E) It suffered a huge meteorite impact that must have nearly shattered it. 12) Which statements about the magnetic fields of Uranus and Neptune is FALSE? 12) A) Both pass directly through the cores of their planets, like all other fields. B) Uranus' field is tilted 60 degrees off its already tilted rotational axis. C) Both may have ammonia water replacing the liquid metallic hydrogen. D) Neither fits the Dynamo model very well. E) Neptune's field is tilted 47 degrees to its more conventional rotational axis. 13) The masses of Neptune and Uranus were first determined by 13) A) observations of the motions of their satellites. B) their densities divided by their volumes. C) their compositions. D) observations of their magnetic fields. E) observations of their motions around the Sun. 14) If you could find a bathtub big enough for Saturn, the planet would: 14) A) catch fire, as liquid sodium reacts with water. B) precipitate more helium

3 C) explode due to its liquid metallic hydrogen. D) sink due to its metallic interior. E) float. 15) Titan is an interesting moon because: 15) A) the Huygens rover has sent back images of sedimentary rocks there. B) it has a rich atmosphere that may resemble that of the early Earth. C) it is known to have ice volcanism on its surface. D) beneath its clouds, Titan may be Earth-like, with liquid water. E) all of the above 16) Uranus was discovered 16) A) after examining perturbations in Neptune's orbit. B) less than 250 years ago. C) by Galileo. D) thousands of years ago. E) with a radio telescope. 17) The shepherd moons keep the ring particles in their rings by 17) A) repelling the ring particles, causing them to slow down. B) attracting the ring particles, causing them to speed up or slow down. C) repelling the ring particles, causing them to speed up or slow down. D) both attracting and repelling the ring particles, causing them to speed up or slow down. E) attracting the ring particles, cauing them speed up. 18) How large is Jupiter's magnetosphere? 18) A) It is so large it extends out to the orbit of Io. B) It extends inward to the orbit of Mars. C) It is about as large as the Earth's. D) It envelopes even the Sun and rest of the solar system. E) It is a million times the volume of the Earth's, extending beyond the orbit of Saturn. 19) The only spacecraft to have visited Uranus and Neptune was:19) A) Voyager 1. B) Pioneer 10. C) Cassini. D) Pioneer 11. E) Voyager 2. 20) What is interesting about Jupiter's rotation period? 20) A) It is the slowest in the solar system. B) It is the same as its orbital period. C) It is the same as Earth's. D) It is the fastest in the solar system. E) It is the same as the Sun's. 21) Shepherd satellites are defined as: 21) A) satellites in the coma of a comet. B) moons that follow the exact orbit of another, larger, moon

4 C) moons that orbit inside the system of rings. D) moons that confine a narrow ring. E) a type of moon that orbits another moon. 22) What is the name used to describe the dark bands encircling Jupiter? 22) A) convection cells B) zones C) brown stripes D) zonal flows E) belts 23) The only spacecraft to go into orbit around Jupiter was: 23) A) Galileo. B) Viking I. C) Voyager 2. D) Pioneer 10. E) Cassini. 24) Which of the Uranian moons displays the widest range of surface terrains, suggesting some catastrophic disruption? 24) A) Umbriel B) Ariel C) Puck D) Oberon E) Miranda 25) How many large moons does Saturn have? 25) A) 4 B) 3 C) 2 D) 1 E) 0 26) Together which two gases make up 99% of Jupiter's atmosphere? 26) A) Hydrogen and Ammonia B) Ammonia and Methane C) Water Vapor and Methane D) Hydrogen and Helium E) Helium and Ammonia 27) Which of the Galilean moons is the densest and most geologically active? 27) A) Titan B) Ganymede C) Callisto D) Europa E) Io 28) Which of the following is true about the seasons on Uranus? 28) A) The Uranian rotation axis produces some extreme seasonal effects. B) From the uranian equator, the Sun would remain stationary all the time. C) The seasons on Uranus are not unlike those on Earth or Mars. D) Uranus' weather will become less turbulent as equinox approaches in

5 E) Like Jupiter, Uranus has little tilt, with its equator always facing the Sun. 29) Saturn is noticeably oblate because 29) A) it is a fluid body that is spinning rapidly. B) it is tidally distorted by the pulls for its satellite system. C) it has strong magnetic fields that deform its shape. D) its powerful gravity acts stronger on the closer poles than the distant equator. E) All of the above are correct. 30) What did the Voyager mission discover about Cassini's Division? 30) A) It actually contains one or more moons. B) The spokes originate from it. C) It is completely filled with a ring of very dark material. D) It contains several ringlets. E) It is actually completely empty of all ring material. 31) What would Jupiter have needed to have become a star? 31) A) more mass B) a higher density C) more moons D) a different chemical composition E) a slower rotation, like the Sun 32) What is erupting out of the geysers on Triton? 32) A) liquid water with basalt B) liquid hydrogen with dark helium ash C) liquid carbon dioxide with graphite D) liquid methane with a dark hydrocarbon slush E) liquid nitrogen with carbon grit 33) In 1846, Johann Galle found Neptune 33) A) after many years of searching for it. B) using grossly inaccurate star charts. C) using just a pair of binoculars. D) exactly where he predicted it would be. E) a few degrees from where it was predicted to be. 34) Which of the following discoveries was NOT made by Voyager 1 or 2? 34) A) Jupiter has cloud bands in its upper atmosphere. B) Jupiter has an encircling ring. C) Jupiter's Great Red Spot is characterized by swirling patterns much like a hurricane. D) Jupiter's magnetosphere extends beyond the orbit of Saturn. E) Jupiter's moons are as varied as the surfaces of the terrestrial planets. 35) Hubble Space Telescope photos have shown us: 35) A) Uranus weather has produced more prominent patterns as equinox approaches. B) the rings of Uranus show up better in infrared than in visible light. C) the Great Dark Spot of Neptune vanished in D) Neptune still has more activity than Uranus, despite its distance from the Sun

6 E) All of the above are correct. 36) How does the mass of Jupiter compare with that of the other planets? 36) A) It is twice as massive as all other planets combined. B) It is slightly larger and more massive than Saturn. C) It is similar to that of the Earth and Venus. D) It is about a tenth the mass of the Sun. E) It is almost as massive as Saturn. 37) Which of the following played the most important role in the ring's formation? 37) A) tidal resonance with Titan B) Saturn's differential rotation C) debris from volcanoes on Mimas D) Saturn's distance from the Sun E) Saturn's Roche limit 38) What is thought to lie at the center of Jupiter? 38) A) a fusion core like the Sun's, with hydrogen being turned into helium B) gaseous hydrogen and helium, for Jupiter is not differentiated like Earth C) a hot sea of liquid metallic hydrogen D) a massive core of rocky materials with some iron mixed in E) a solid core of crystalline helium 39) Which three played a role in the finding of Neptune? 39) A) Bode, Herschel, and Fraunhofer B) Newton, Einstein, and Tombaugh C) Herschel, Hubble, and Einstein D) Shapley, Hubble, and Whipple E) Adams, Leverrier, and Galle 40) Which of these spacecraft did not go to Jupiter? 40) A) Cassini B) Voyager I C) Voyager 2 D) Mariner 9 E) Galileo 41) On Bode's advice, Herschel named his newly discovered planet after 41) A) the king of England. B) his benefactor. C) the father of Saturn. D) the Greek god of the sea. E) the Roman god of the underworld. 42) In addition to Saturn's Titan, which other moon has a nitrogen atmosphere? 42) A) Uranus' Titania B) Neptune's Triton C) Jupiter's Europa D) Jupiter's Ganymede E) Pluto's Charon - 6 -