PAIRITEL's Telescopes and Cameras: A History...

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1 PAIRITEL's Telescopes and Cameras: A History... Design, development, and operation of 2MASS The 2MASS Clearance Sale: Trash or Treasure? The Future

2 The Telescope that Almost Wasn't: Part I 2MASS had to choose between two potential Northern Hemisphere sites Mt. Hopkins Kitt Peak 1.3 meter telescope the home of the 2MASS prototyping campaign.

3 The Telescope that Almost Wasn't: Part II 2MASS let the telescope contract for a pair of identical 1.3 meter telescopes to OSEM OSEM defaulted/evaporated UMASS bonded the contract. M3 engineering (admirably) completed the work.

4 The Telescope that Almost Wasn't: Part II 2MASS let the telescope contract for a pair of identical 1.3 meter telescopes to OSEM OSEM defaulted/evaporated UMASS bonded the contract. M3 engineering (admirably) completed the work.

5 The Telescope that Almost Wasn't: Part II 2MASS let the telescope contract for a pair of identical 1.3 meter telescopes to OSEM OSEM defaulted/evaporated UMASS bonded the contract. M3 engineering (admirably) completed the work.

6 The Telescope that Almost Wasn't: Part II 2MASS let the telescope contract for a pair of identical 1.3 meter telescopes to OSEM OSEM defaulted/evaporated UMASS bonded the contract. M3 engineering (admirably) completed the work.

7 Construction proceeds... Site development begins adjacent to the 48 /60 in the second half of Telescope delivery and installation occurs in Jan June 1995

8 Construction proceeds... Site development begins adjacent to the 48 /60 in the second half of Telescope delivery and installation occurs in Jan Sept 1996

9 Construction proceeds... Site development begins adjacent to the 48 /60 in the second half of Telescope delivery and installation occurs in Jan Nov 1996

10 Construction proceeds... Site development begins adjacent to the 48 /60 in the second half of Telescope delivery and installation occurs in Jan Dec 1996

11 Construction proceeds... Site development begins adjacent to the 48 /60 in the second half of Telescope delivery and installation occurs in Jan 1997.

12 Construction proceeds... Site development begins adjacent to the 48 /60 in the second half of Telescope delivery and installation occurs in Jan Nov 1996 Telescope at M3

13 Construction proceeds... Site development begins adjacent to the 48 /60 in the second half of Telescope delivery and installation occurs in Jan January 14, 1997 Telescope Delivery Day

14 Construction proceeds... Site development begins adjacent to the 48 /60 in the second half of Telescope delivery and installation occurs in Jan 1997.

15 Construction proceeds... Site development begins adjacent to the 48 /60 in the second half of Telescope delivery and installation occurs in Jan 1997.

16 Construction proceeds... Site development begins adjacent to the 48 /60 in the second half of Telescope delivery and installation occurs in Jan 1997.

17 Construction proceeds... Site development begins adjacent to the 48 /60 in the second half of Telescope delivery and installation occurs in Jan 1997.

18 Construction proceeds... Site development begins adjacent to the 48 /60 in the second half of Telescope delivery and installation occurs in Jan 1997.

19 Construction proceeds... Site development begins adjacent to the 48 /60 in the second half of Telescope delivery and installation occurs in Jan 1997.

20 Construction proceeds... Site development begins adjacent to the 48 /60 in the second half of Telescope delivery and installation occurs in Jan The first of many adjustments, fine tuning, troubleshooting...

21 Construction proceeds... Site development begins adjacent to the 48 /60 in the second half of Telescope delivery and installation occurs in Jan Luxurious control room...

22 The 2MASS Cameras The 2MASS cameras were contracted to Telic Optics (optics/dewar now AXSYS IR Systems) and IR Labs (Electronics). UMASS carried out systems integration. LN2 cryostat houses three NICMOS3 arrays and dichroic J, H, Ks optics. 48 hour hold time

23 The 2MASS Cameras Site development begins adjacent to the 48 /60 in the second half of Telescope delivery and installation occurs in Jan 1997.

24 The 2MASS Cameras All elements are spherical and either Infrasil or CaF2 After a common first lens, three identical sets of 6 elements in each arm. Ks band light goes straight through.

25 The 2MASS Cameras Telescope focus is f/13.5. Conjugate focus is f/ /pixel at the 40um pixel pitch of the NICMOS3 arrays < 0.05% field distortion over 8.5' field

26 The 2MASS Cameras Modular optical assembly held independently from array mounts. 3 band coincident field of view to <10 pixels registration array to array.

27 The 2MASS Data System IR Lab (GATIR) / Leach readout electronics 51ms readout time 1.3 second (read2 read1) integration time, using 51ms read1 for dynamic range expansion Freeze frame scanning coordinated with smooth tilt of secondary mirror 93% of time spent integrating PC's for Telescope Control (DOS), Data acquisition (DOS), and Scheduling and Pointing (Linux)

28 The Results First light data

29 The Results

30 The Results

31 The Results

32 99.994% sky coverage meeting the Survey's specifications for sensitivity completeness, and reliability

33

34 The Results Northern (black) vs. Southern (white) hemisphere coverage

35 The Results Northern vs. Southern photometric statistics

36 The 2MASS Debris Trail: Aside... the Longevity of IR instruments NICMOS3 instruments seem to outlive their technology. NICMASS was a bare NICMOS3 chip behind filters in a dewar, yet it saw nearly 10 years of useful life as an imager at MDM and as a spectrograph at the Kitt Peak and Mt. Stromlo coude feeds. It was never retired but simply destroyed.

37 The 2MASS Debris Trail: Aside... the Longevity of IR instruments NICMOS3 instruments seem to outlive their technology. NICMASS was a bare NICMOS3 chip behind filters in a dewar, yet it saw nearly 10 years of useful life as a imager at MDM and a coude feed spectrograph at Kitt Peak and Mt. Stromlo. It was never retired but simply destroyed.

38 The 2MASS Debris Trail: CorMASS CorMASS is a cross dispersed R=300 NICMOS3 spectrograph built from the retired 2MASS prototype camera dewar the first generation GATIR 2MASS electronics the 2MASS data acquisition software a spare engineering grade 2MASS NICMOS3 array

39 The 2MASS Debris Trail: CorMASS CorMASS travelogue commissioned on the Palomar 60 now a facility instrument at the 1.8 meter VATT telescope visiting instrument at the APO 3.5 meter telescope visiting instrument at Magellan (right now)

40 The 2MASS Debris Trail: PAIRITEL

41 The 2MASS Debris Trail: FanCam HAWAII 1 based infrared camera for the Fan Mountain 31 telescope in Charlottsville Uses retired 2MASS spare Leach electronics adapted for HAWAII 1 Graduate student led design and fabrication Commissioned in December 2004

42 The 2MASS Debris Trail: FanCam 8.5x8.5' Field 0.5 pixels Patience limited sensitivity Ks=18.0 in practice

43 The 2MASS Debris Trail: UVa/VT Narrowband Survey Install narrowband Br gamma, Pa beta, and [FeII] in the three arms of the remaining 2MASS camera Install a wide field telescope on the front end giving the arrays a 2 degree field Survey the Galactic plane visible from Fan Mountain

44 The Future: Is One Survey Enough? The Wide Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) will launch in 2009 WISE will survey the entire sky at 3.6, 4.5, 12, and 25um during a 6 month operational lifetime.

45 The Future: Is One Survey Enough? The Wide Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) will launch in 2009 WISE will survey the entire sky at 3.6, 4.5, 12, and 25um during a 6 month operational lifetime. WISE will exploit elements of the 2MASS data processing pipeline.

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