1. Recognize and analyze patterns in nature 2. Predict future events based on those patterns

Transcription

1 UNIT 2: Mtin ESTABLISHED GOALS/ STANDARDS What cntent standards and prgram- r missin-related gal(s) will this unit address? PS Cnduct investigatins demnstrating Newtn s first law f mtin PS Demnstrate Newtn s secnd law f mtin PS Cnduct investigatins f Newtn s third law f mtin PS Explain hw Newtn s three laws f mtin apply t real wrld situatins (e.g., sprts, transprtatin) PS Cmpare and cntrast Newtn s three laws f mtin PS Investigate careers, scientists, and histrical breakthrughs related t laws f mtin ESS Identify and mdel the causes f night and day ESS Cmpare and cntrast the Earth s day t thse f ther planets in ur slar system ESS Identify and mdel the cause f planetary years ESS Cmpare and cntrast Earth s year t thse f ther planets in ur slar system ESS Identify and mdel the causes f seasns ESS Investigate careers, scientists, and histrical breakthrughs related t rtatins and revlutins f bdies in space Stage 1 Desired Results TRANSFERS Students will be able t independently use their learning in new situatins t What kinds f lng-term, independent accmplishments are desired? 1. Recgnize and analyze patterns in nature 2. Predict future events based n thse patterns UNDERSTANDINGS: Students will understand that What specifically d yu want students t understand? What imprtant ideas d yu want them t grasp? What inferences shuld they make? 1. The farther a planet is frm the sun, the lnger its year is 2. Frms and characteristics f mtin can be manipulated t aid humans in their daily activities 3. Daily mtin can be explained in terms f Newtn s three laws Students will knw What facts and basic cncepts shuld students knw and be able t recall? Meaning ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS: Students will explre & address these recurring questins: What thught-prvking questins will fster inquiry, meaning-making, and transfer? 1. What is energy? 2. Hw des science explain mtin? Literacy Integratin ESS Investigate careers, scientists, and histrical breakthrughs related t rtatins and revlutins f bdies in space: Read chapter 6 f Archimedes and the Dr f Science : Archimedes and Astrnmy Acquisitin Students will be skilled at What discrete skills and prcesses shuld students be able t use? 1. Recgnizing and analyzing patterns in nature 2. Predicting future events based n thse patterns 3. Applying learned cncepts t their wn real-life, daily experiences Develped by A. Heckmann, Spring 2015 (See belw) Central High Schl, Helena-West Helena, AR Template Design Authentic Educatin 2012 Sme cntent mdified frm TLI Curriculum Framewrk 1

2 UNIT 2: Mtin Acquisitin Cntent Knwledge Students will knw Standard Questin Cntent knwledge Task Analysis Labs and activities N/A (establishing necessary backgrund knwledge) PS Cnduct investigatins demnstrating Newtn s first law f mtin What is energy? What is the difference between frce and energy? What is Newtn s first law f mtin? What are A frce is a push, pull, r twist. Frces are invisible t us, but their effects can be bserved. They make things change mtin (speed and directin) r shape. Energy (depending n which kind f scientist yu speak t) is a stre f smething that is needed fr smething else t happen. It des nt make things happen, but energy is transferred when smething des happen. Energy is transferred frm ne frm int anther when smething happens. Energy DOES NOT make things happen. (studnets ften cnfuse energy and frces frces d nt make things happen.) Energy is neither created r destryed. (law f cnservatin f energy) Energy cmes frm different surces: sun (slar energy), fd (chemical energy), heat (thermal energy) Nte t teacher: Illustrate the first law using sprts examples (esp. ftball and basketball) Newtn s three laws f mtin describe the mtin f an bject. The Demnstrate examples f the kinds f frces there are (e.g., cntact, nn-cntact, pushes and pulls) Measure frce using prper units (Newtns) Demnstrate knwledge that energy is needed fr mtin, and that energy stres may be transferred during mtin. Demnstrate Newtn s first law f mtin and explain hw the demnstratin illustrates the first law Explain hw Netwn s first law Match vcabulary t apprpriate visuals in cperative grups r pairs (e.g. sun is slar energy, fireflies cnvert chemical energy int light energy) Name examples f energy represented in a demnstratin r visual (e.g. pictures f alternative energy surces) Demnstrate and explain examples f energy and transfer f energy (e.g. hair dryer uses electrical energy that is cnverted t heat energy; we get ur energy frm chemical energy (fd); etc) m/prtal/site/learn/scie nce-f-nfl-ftball Egg and penny drp ( magic trick ) Develped by A. Heckmann, Spring 2015 Central High Schl, Helena-West Helena, AR Template Design Authentic Educatin 2012 Sme cntent mdified frm TLI Curriculum Framewrk 2

3 UNIT 2: Mtin PS Explain hw Newtn s three laws f mtin apply t real wrld situatins (e.g., sprts, transprtatin) PS Demnstrate Newtn s secnd law f mtin PS Explain hw Newtn s three laws f mtin apply t real wrld situatins (e.g., sprts, transprtatin) sme examples f Newtn s first law f mtin? (hw have I already seen it in my wn experiences?) Hw are laws and theries different? What is Newtn s secnd law f mtin? What are sme examples f Newtn s secnd law f mtin? (hw have I already seen it in my wn experiences?) first law describes what happens when balanced frces act n ne bject (inertia), causing it, if it is in mtin, t remain in mtin; r if it is statinary, t remain statinary. ( An bject in mtin tends t stay in mtin, and an bject at rest tends t stay at rest, unless acted upn by an utside frce. ) Examples include mmentum (passengers in a car mve frward when the car crashes) A law describes (and predicts) what will happen uner a set circumstances, whereas a thery prvides a brad explanatin fr a phenmenn. The secn law describes what happens when unbalanced frces act n an bject causing it t accelerate (F=ma); the mre frce yu apply t an bject, the greater its acceleratin. Examples include: the mre frce yu exert n a basketball, the faster it ges A law describes (and predicts) what will happen uner a set circumstances, whereas a thery prvides a brad explanatin fr a phenmenn. f mtin applies t specific real-wrld examples Cmpare a law t a they Demnstrate Newtn s secnd law f mtin and explain hw the demnstratin illustrates the secnd law Explain hw Netwn s secnd law f mtin applies t specific real-wrld examples Cmpare a law t a thery Flicking pennies ut frm the bttm f a stack f pennies by hitting the bttm ne with an index card car crash dem ns/psts/661.html m/prtal/site/learn/scie nce-f-nfl-ftball Rubber ball bunce dem (if kids can be trusted with rubber balls); therwise, teacher demnstrates with basketball buncing against flr/wall Develped by A. Heckmann, Spring 2015 Central High Schl, Helena-West Helena, AR Template Design Authentic Educatin 2012 Sme cntent mdified frm TLI Curriculum Framewrk 3

4 UNIT 2: Mtin PS Cnduct investigatins f Newtn s third law f mtin PS Explain hw Newtn s three laws f mtin apply t real wrld situatins (e.g., sprts, transprtatin) PS Cmpare and cntrast Newtn s three laws f mtin Hw are laws and theries different? What is Newtn s third law f mtin? What are sme exqamples Newtn s third law f mtin? (hw have I already seen it in my wn experiences?) Hw are laws and theries different? Hw are Newtn s three laws similar and different? The third law states that, fr every actin, there is an equal and ppsite reactin. ( actin/reactin ) Examples include rckets taking ff A law describes (and predicts) what will happen uner a set circumstances, whereas a thery prvides a brad explanatin fr a phenmenn. Reviewing knwledge previusly learned, cmpare and cntrast the three laws f mtin Demnstrate Newtn s third law f mtin and explain hw the demnstratin illustrates the third law Explain hw Netwn s third law f mtin applies t specific real-wrld examples Cmpare a law t a thery Crrectly cmpare and cntrast the three laws f mtin Classify examples f Newtn s laws m/prtal/site/learn/scie nce-f-nfl-ftball Balln string rcket experiment Classify examples f Newtn s laws Cmpare and cntrast newtn s three laws f mtin Develped by A. Heckmann, Spring 2015 Central High Schl, Helena-West Helena, AR Template Design Authentic Educatin 2012 Sme cntent mdified frm TLI Curriculum Framewrk 4

5 UNIT 2: Mtin ESS Identify and mdel the causes f night and day ESS Cmpare and cntrast the Earth s day t Hw are laws and theries different? Questin What causes night and day? What is the difference between rtatin and revlutin? What is a mdel and why d scientists use them? Why is a day n different planets nt Cntent knwledge Night and day are due t the rtatin f the Earth n its axis. Whichever side the Earth is facing the Sun will be experiencing day, and whichever side is facing away frm the sun is experiencing night. (NOTE: Clarify the sun des nt circle arund the Earth nce a day. Instead, the Earth is spinning.) Rtatin is the term cmmnly used t describe the turning f a space bdy (e.g., planet) abut its axis; whereas, a revlutin describes the mvement f a space by thrugh space arund anther bdy (e.g., the Earth revlves arund the Sun, r the Jn revlves arund the Earth). Scientists use mdels and analgies t represent things that are ften t small r t large t easzily bserve. Using mdels helps them t test their ideas and develp explanatins. A day is nt necessarily 24 hurs. Different planets have different rates f rtatin, therefre their days are different lengths. Cmpare a law t a thery Task analysis Use mdels t describe and explain the causes f day and night Use mdels t demnstrate rtatin and revlutin cmpare and cntrast rtatin and revlutin Infer relative lengths f days if given rtatin rates f each planet in the slar system Labs and activities Hld a bright light up; have a vlunteer spin arund slwly in a circle (t demnstrate that the sun des nt mve, but the Earth des) hen yur eyes are twards the light, it s day ; when yur eyes are away, it s night. Als, adding t this, yu culd have the students calculate the length f their classmate s day. Use mdels t describe and explain why days have different lengths n different planets Develped by A. Heckmann, Spring 2015 Central High Schl, Helena-West Helena, AR Template Design Authentic Educatin 2012 Sme cntent mdified frm TLI Curriculum Framewrk 5

6 UNIT 2: Mtin thse f ther planets in ur slar system ESS Identify and mdel the cause f planetary years ESS Cmpare and cntrast Earth s year t thse f ther planets in ur slar system 24 hurs? Hw is a day measured? (What determines hw lng a day lasts?) What is a year? Hw is a year measured? (What determines hw lng a year lasts?) Why is a year n different planets nt 365 days? A year is nt defined as 365 days. That is an Earth Year. A planetary year is the time it takes fr a planet t cmplete ne revlutin f the sun (called its rbit ). Years n ther planets are different because ifferent planets are different distances frm the sun. Because f this, planets take different times t make ne cmplete rit. The farther away the planet is frm the sun, the lnger its rit, and therefre the lnger its year. When cnsidering the time it takes fr planets t rbit the sun, they are cmpared t Earth (1 Earty Year) (eg., Mars takes abut 1.9 Describe hw year length is measured. Explain, using mdels, what causes a planetary year. Identify that revlutin time (NOT 365 days ) defines a year Relate the revlutin f a planet t its distance frm the sun Infer relative lengths f days if given rtatin rates f each planet in the slar system Begin a page in the science ntebk that will be their planet summary chart; have a clumn where they can glue pictures f the planet t, fr visualizatin and they will keep wrking n this as the unit prgresses) Add day length inf t the planet inf chart Calculate yur age n ther planets Infer relative lengths f years if given distance frm the sun f each planet, and/r if given length f planetary revlutin (planet card srt (infer distance frm sun based n year length, and vice versa) Add year lengths and yur age n ther planets t the planet inf chart Assign diferent students Develped by A. Heckmann, Spring 2015 Central High Schl, Helena-West Helena, AR Template Design Authentic Educatin 2012 Sme cntent mdified frm TLI Curriculum Framewrk 6

7 UNIT 2: Mtin Earth Years t rit the sun). Thus, an Earth Year is 365 days, but a Venus Year is shrter, and a Neptune Year is lnger. t be diferent planets; class watches as individual planets run arund the rm (ne n the perimeter f the rm, ne having an intermediate rbit, and ne running in little circles in the middle f the rm) wh tk the lngest? Why? (greater distance t g) Optinal: if further inquiry int the nature f planets is desired, include a research prject r lessn plan f sme srt at this pint basic infrmatin abut planets in the slar system. Plut shuld als be discussed (briefly explain why scientists dn t cnsider it a planet ) ESS What Identify and causes the mdel the causes seasns? f seasns Seasns are due t the different intensities f sunlight reaching different hemispheres f the Earth at different times. (Nte: seasns are NOT due t ne hemisphere being clser t the sun than the ther. This is a cmmn miscnceptin. The distance between earth and sun due t the tilt f the earth s axis is nt large enugh t have a nticeable effect.) The different intensities f sunlight can be explained by the cmbinatin f the Earth s shapekk its revlutin, and the tilt f its axis. As the Earth rits the Sun, it remains tilted in the same directin (~23.5 degrees), s in June the nrthern hemisphere is pinting twards the Sun (summer), and the suthern Identify that seasns are due t the tilt f the Earth s axis, and the revlutin f the Earth arund the sun. Summarize which planets have seasns and why. Summarize which planets have seasns and why. (Add t planet inf table.) Develped by A. Heckmann, Spring 2015 Central High Schl, Helena-West Helena, AR Template Design Authentic Educatin 2012 Sme cntent mdified frm TLI Curriculum Framewrk 7

8 UNIT 2: Mtin hemisphere is pinting away frm the sun (winter). Six mnths later, the stuatin is reversed. If yu cnsider summer in the nrthern hemisphere, sunlight has t pass thrugh less atmsphere and spreads ver a smaller area land (s has a greater intensity) cmpared t sunlight reaching the suthern hemisphere. This means that the nrthern hyemsphere receives mre energy and experiences a greater warming effect cmpared t the suthern hemisphere. During spring and autumn, a hemisphere is neither pinting directly twards r away frm the sun. Optinal: if further inquiry int the nature f planets is desired, include a research prject r lessn plan f sme srt at this pint basic infrmatin abut planets in the slar system. Plut shuld als be discussed (briefly explain why scientists dn t cnsider it a planet ) Unit Vcabulary: Frce Energy Balanced frce Unbalanced frce Net frce Inertia Gravity Newtns (unit) Frictin Mass Weight Acceleratin Sir Isaac Newtn Vacuum Hypthesis Thery Law Axis Rtatin Revlutin Orbit Day (time t rtate nce arund axis) Planetary year Planet Slar system Seasn Tilt Slstice Nrth Hemisphere Suth Hemisphere Nrth ple Suth ple Radiatin Intensity Year Day Develped by A. Heckmann, Spring 2015 Central High Schl, Helena-West Helena, AR Template Design Authentic Educatin 2012 Sme cntent mdified frm TLI Curriculum Framewrk 8

9 UNIT 2: Mtin Cmmn Cre State Standards: Reading Practices: RST.6-8.9: Cmpare and cntrast the infrmatin gained frm experiments, simulatins, vide, r multimedia surces with that gained frm reading a text n the same tpic Writing Practices: WHST.6-8.3: Write precise descriptins f the step-by-step prcedure they use in their investigatins WHST : Write rutinely ver extended and shrter time frames fr a range f discipline-specific tasks, purpses, and audiences. Math Practices: CCSS.MP4: Mdel with mathematics CCSS.MP5 Use apprpriate tls strategically CCSS.MP6 Attend t precisin CCSS.MP8: Lk fr and express regularity in repeated reasning Speaking Practices: CCSS.SL.7.1.A: Cme t discussins prepared, having read r researched material under study; explicitly draw n that preparatin by referring t evidence n the tpic, text, r issue t prbe and reflect n ideas under discussin. Develped by A. Heckmann, Spring 2015 Central High Schl, Helena-West Helena, AR Template Design Authentic Educatin 2012 Sme cntent mdified frm TLI Curriculum Framewrk 9

10 UNIT 2: Mtin Resurces: Frt Smith Schl District pacing guide TLI Curriculum Framewrk (unit 4, mtin) Develped by A. Heckmann, Spring 2015 Central High Schl, Helena-West Helena, AR Template Design Authentic Educatin 2012 Sme cntent mdified frm TLI Curriculum Framewrk 10