The Origin of Near Earth Asteroids
|
|
- Loreen Jefferson
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The Origin of Near Earth Asteroids Judit Györgyey Ries Priors, Quaternions and Residuals, Oh My! September 24, 2004 Austin, Texas
2 Outline Why are we interested in Near Earth Asteroids? How does an asteroid become an NEA? The structure of the Asteroid Belt Collisions Mean motion and secular resonances Non-gravitational effects Transport from the Main Belt McDonald Observatory and NEA research Time permitting
3 Asteroids and the Asteroid Belt
4 Structure of the Asteroid Belt Kirkwood (1867) Orbital elements reveal structure at mean motions, where i n A j n J n = (GM/a 3 ) 1/2 i and j are small integers No satisfactory explanation till the mid 1980es and even then
5 Near Earth Objects: NEOs NEOs: Asteroids and comets with q < 1.3 AU NECs: q < 1.3 AU, P < 200 years q = perihelion distance Q = aphelion distance a = semi-major axis NEA groups: Aten: a <1.0 AU, Q > AU (Earth crossers from inside) Apollo: a > 1.0 AU, q < AU (Earth crossers from outside) Amor: a > 1.0 AU, < q < 1.3 AU (Exterior to Earth's orbit but interior to Mars )
6 More Definitions PHAs - Potentially Hazardous Asteroids Minimum orbit intersection distance with the Earth 0.05 AU Chance to get closer to Earth than 20 lunar distances Absolute magnitude is H= 22.0 or brighter. H is defined as the mean brightness at zero phase angle 1 AU from the Earth and the Sun Estimated size D log(d) = log(p) - 0.2H 0.05 p H D m m m 1 magnitude uncertainty in H introduces a factor of 2 error in D, corresponding to a factor of 8 in impact energy
7 Terrestrial Impact Structures Geological evidence for old collisions: Impact structures Iridium abundance
8 Observed Events 1908 Tunguska Valley 2000 km 2 flattened, seismic vibrations recorded as far away as 600 miles At 300 miles loud bangs heard, a fiery cloud on the horizon At 110 miles brilliant fireball seen with 500 mile tail, thunderous noises reported At 40 miles people were thrown to the ground, knocked unconscious; windows broken Magnetic storm after the event, unusually bright night all over the world 1935 British Guyana? Native legends 1947 Sikhote-Alin 1992 Peekskill, New York 2003 Chicago, Illinois
9 But the real reason to monitor NEAs is because.no one is completely safe
10 Number of Known NEAs Largest NEA is 25 km in diameter, majority is less than 1 km in size At present, we do not know of any NEA which is actually destined to hit the Earth Of the 55 objects having the highest collision probability, the three largest are ~ 700m One object requires careful monitoring two potential impacts in 2101 size ~230m
11 So, is IT coming, and when? None that we know of at the moment The last big one (~10-15 km) came 65 million years ago The population of hazardous objects is unknown Estimated % of large asteroids is still undiscovered) Amount of damage by a given impactor is uncertain
12 How do Asteroids Become NEAs? Mean motion resonances with Jupiter Eccentricity of the asteroid grows large, leading to collisions with neighbors and ejecting fragments Eccentricity of the asteroid grows large, no collisions with neighbors, becomes terrestrial planet crosser (most end up in the Sun) Ejection from the inner solar system Secular resonance with major planets In the case of secular resonance, what matters are not the orbital periods, but rather the periods of time (on the order of tens of thousands of years) over which the orbits change their mutual orientation The ν 6 resonance affects orbits whose direction of perihelion precesses around the Sun at the same rate as Saturn Combined with the 4:1 mean motion resonance, it provides the inner and high-inclination boundary to the observed distribution of asteroids Steady provider of chaotic Earth crossing orbits
13 Example of a mean motion resonance Energy exchange tends to be in same direction at conjunction is slowly varying - terms depending on this angle no longer time-average to zero THEY ARE CAPABLE OF EXCHANGING ENERGY
14 How do Asteroids Become NEAs? Median lifetime for a resonant asteroid before it becomes Earth crosser 3:1 resonance, few million years cannot be the only source, we know meteorite ages up to 20 million years 2:1, hard to remove bodies, most of them ejected on hyperbolic orbits 5:2, lifetime a few 100,000 years, but most of them ejected ν 6, 2 million (6 million as NEA) shorter than the age of the Solar System Needs replenishing, cratering rates indicate steady NEO flux over the last 3 billion years We can look at overlapping resonances, diffusion, resonance with terrestrial planets, close encounters with Mars Helps but still does not explain steady flux or old meteorites What about non-gravitational forces?
15 Solar Radiation Effects Radiation pressure - no secular effect Poynting-Robertson drag - more applicable to dust Yarkovsky effect - delayed re-radiation of absorbed Solar radiation affects sizes few meters to 20 km Diurnal and seasonal Yarkovsky effect Additional perturbation due to surface inhomogeneities and irregular shapes (YORP effect)
16 Yarkovsky Effect (Delayed reradiation of heat)
17 LAGEOS - EARTH THERMAL HEATING Delayed reradiation of heat absorbed from the Earth results in a non-zero net transverse acceleration that decreases the semimajor axis Effect is maximum when the spin axis is in the orbital plane (leads to periodic variations as orbit plane precesses) 10 meters in 28 years from Rubincam, 1987
18 Yarkovsky-type Accelerations for LAGEOS 4 2 picometers/sec/sec) Years past 1 Jan 1976 Drag-like forces observed on LAGEOS soon after launch that was several times larger than expected from drag, reducing semi-major axis by ~37 cm/yr. Eventually, it became clear that Yarkovsky-type forces were the cause.
19 Origin of NEOs - Summary Long term numerical simulation (based on the debiased NEO population, distribution of main belt rotation rates, assuming thermal properties) 23% form 3:1 resonance 25% from Mars crossers 37% from ν 6 secular resonance 8% Diffusive resonances in the outer belt 6% trans - Neptunian While these regions deplete on the order of 10 million years the Yarkovsky effect can move collisional fragments to these region to provide a steady source.
20 NEO McDonald Observatory Why bother with follow-up observation? Orbits for confirmation objects and provisional designations are based on a limited number of observations: Short arc Limited time coverage Only gravitational effects inc. Orbital prediction are limited, some NEAs are lost due to insufficient follow-up 2004/ out of the 151 new objects posted were not confirmed, 3 were not real, and 51 were not interesting. 0.7m telescope with prime focus camera (22 nd magnitude in R in 15 minute exposure)
21 NEO McDonald Observatory We take a set of three CCD images with the R filter, on each plate: Match stellar images with positions calculated from coordinates given in USNO-A2.0 Determine plate solution x = a 1 x + a 2 y + a 3 + a 4 xy + a 5 (x 2 +y 2 ) + a 6 x(x 2 + y 2 ) h = b 1 y + b 2 x + b 3 + b 4 xy + b 5 (x 2 +y 2 ) + b 6 y(x 2 + y 2 ) Measure and calculate target position Accuracy from residuals provided by MPC is about arcsec Using USNO-A2.0 to provide stellar magnitudes in R, we can achieve an accuracy of about mag
22 Rotation period determination Measuring asteroid brightness in R Brightness changes Distance of asteroid from Sun and Earth changes Amount of surface reflecting light changes Surface reflectivity changes We can determine Rotation rate Shape Pole orientation Surface reflectivity
23 Yarkovsky-O keefe keefe-radzievskii-paddack (YORP) Effect Simple model of an asymmetric asteroid: Rotating BB sphere with wedges at the equator emit radiation in opposite directions providing a torque Asteroids spins up or really slows downs We can measure asteroid rotation periods
24 Lightcurves McDonald Observatory P= 1.16 h Peak to peak variation 0.15 mag P= 2.49 h Peak to peak variation 0.95 mag P= 2.22* h Peak to peak variation 0.2 mag Arecibo radar target, binary asteroid
Linking NEAs to their main-belt source regions
Near-Earth (NEAs) Department of Astronomy, University of Belgrade Stardust ITN: Opening Training School 21st November 2013, Glasgow, Scotland Near-Earth (NEAs) Table of contents 1 Main phases during the
More informationEVOLUTIONS OF SMALL BODIES IN OUR SOLAR SYSTEM
EVOLUTIONS OF SMALL BODIES IN OUR SOLAR SYSTEM Dynamics and collisional processes Dr. Patrick MICHEL Côte d'azur Observatory Cassiopée Laboratory, CNRS Nice, France 1 Plan Chapter I: A few concepts on
More informationSmaller Bodies of the Solar System Chapter 2 continued
Smaller Bodies of the Solar System Chapter 2 continued Small, rocky (sometimes metallic) bodies with no atmospheres. or planetoids 100,000 numbered and 12,000 named 1-1000 km in size most are small ~ 1
More informationAsteroids. Titius-Bode Law (1766) updated May 16, Orbit of 1 Ceres. Ceres Discovered Structure of Ceres. Ceres (Hubble Space Telescope)
Asteroids Titius-Bode Law (1766) 2 The distances between the planets gets bigger as you go out. Johann Daniel Titius ( 1729 1796) Johann Elert Bode (1747-1826) updated May 16, 2013 Titius & Bode came up
More informationDynamical evolution of asteroid fragments originating near the ν 6 resonance
Dynamical evolution of asteroid fragments originating near the ν 6 resonance Takashi Ito and Renu Malhotra Lunar & Planetary Laboratory, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 0092, USA Correspondence
More informationThe End of the World...
The End of the World... as we know it. Impacts in the Inner Solar System Collisions have played a key role in the past formation of planets by accretion fragmentation (formation of the Moon) sustained
More informationLESSON topic: formation of the solar system Solar system formation Star formation Models of the solar system Planets in our solar system
Unit 2 Lesson 1 LESSON topic: formation of the solar system - Solar system formation - Star formation - Models of the solar system - Planets in our solar system Big bang theory Origin of the universe According
More informationPhysics 3/3/2013. Kepler s Three Laws of Planetary Motion. Distance, Velocity from the Sun at any given time: q=angle from perihelion
Physics Kepler s Three Laws of Planetary Motion a=semi-major axis b=semi-minor axis e=eccentricity Focus, Foci Distance, Velocity from the Sun at any given time: a(1 e ) r 1 ecosq v 1 GM ro a q=angle from
More informationAsteroids/Meteorites 4/17/07
Asteroids and Meteorites Announcements Reading Assignment Read Chapter 16 Term Paper Due Today Details of turnitin.com Go to www.turnitin.com Click on new users usertype student Class ID: 1868418 Password:
More informationChapter 9 Remnants of Rock and Ice. Asteroids, Comets, and Pluto
Chapter 9 Remnants of Rock and Ice Asteroids, Comets, and Pluto 9.1 Asteroids and Meteorites Our Goals for Learning Why is there an asteroid belt? How are meteorites related to asteroids? Asteroid Facts
More informationTwo significant figures are enough! You can round your calculations to 2 significant figures. Hopefully this will prevent some of the sloppy
Homework Issues Two significant figures are enough! You can round your calculations to 2 significant figures. Hopefully this will prevent some of the sloppy mistakes. The speed of light is 299,792,458
More informationVagabonds of the Solar System. Chapter 15
Vagabonds of the Solar System Chapter 15 ASTR 111 003 Fall 2007 Lecture 13 Nov. 26, 2007 Introduction To Modern Astronomy I: Solar System Introducing Astronomy (chap. 1-6) Planets and Moons (chap. 7-15)
More informationAsteroid/Comet/Meteor Reading Homework Instructions: Read pages and answer the following questions.
Name Date Block: Due Date: Asteroid/Comet/Meteor Reading Homework Instructions: Read pages 333-358 and answer the following questions. Page 333 1. What are 4 examples of minor bodies in our solar system?
More informationAST111, Lecture 1b. Measurements of bodies in the solar system (overview continued) Orbital elements
AST111, Lecture 1b Measurements of bodies in the solar system (overview continued) Orbital elements Planetary properties (continued): Measuring Mass The orbital period of a moon about a planet depends
More informationThe impact flux (hazard?) on Earth
The impact flux (hazard?) on Earth The young Earth and Moon suffered the same heavy bombardment early in the Solar System Only the Moon preserves the record of this The lunar record indicates roughly constant
More informationAnswers. The Universe. Year 10 Science Chapter 6
Answers The Universe Year 10 Science Chapter 6 p133 1 The universe is considered to be the whole of all matter, energy, planets, solar systems, galaxies, and space. Many definitions of the universe also
More informationIntroduction to Astronomy
Introduction to Astronomy Have you ever wondered what is out there in space besides Earth? As you see the stars and moon, many questions come up with the universe, possibility of living on another planet
More informationUnit 1: The Earth in the Universe
Unit 1: The Earth in the Universe 1. The Universe 1.1. First ideas about the Universe 1.2. Components and origin 1.3. Sizes and distances 2. The Solar System 3. The planet Earth 3.1. Movements of the Earth
More informationUniverse Celestial Object Galaxy Solar System
ASTRONOMY Universe- Includes all known matter (everything). Celestial Object Any object outside or above Earth s atmosphere. Galaxy- A large group (billions) of stars (held together by gravity). Our galaxy
More informationRotation Rates of Koronis Family Asteroid (1029) La Plata
Rotation Rates of Koronis Family Asteroid (1029) La Plata Alessondra Springmann Advisor: Stephen M. Slivan Wellesley College Department of Astronomy May 18, 2007 For Astronomy 350, Spring 2007 2 ABSTRACT
More informationThis asteroid was visited by the NEAR Shoemaker probe, which orbited it, taking extensive photographs of its
Chapter 9 Part 1 Asteroids and Comets Why is there an asteroid belt? This asteroid was visited by the NEAR Shoemaker probe, which orbited it, taking extensive photographs of its surface, and, on February
More informationTransneptunian objects. Minor bodies in the outer Solar System. Transneptunian objects
Transneptunian objects Minor bodies in the outer Solar System Planets and Astrobiology (2016-2017) G. Vladilo Around 1980 it was proposed that the hypothetical disk of small bodies beyond Neptune (called
More informationGalaxies: enormous collections of gases, dust and stars held together by gravity Our galaxy is called the milky way
Celestial bodies are all of the natural objects in space ex. stars moons, planets, comets etc. Star: celestial body of hot gas that gives off light and heat the closest star to earth is the sun Planet:
More informationAsteroid Families. Asteroid Families. A. Cellino, A. Dell Oro CD07, Alicante. INAF --Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino
Asteroid Families A. Cellino, A. Dell Oro CD07, Alicante Current appearance of Families 130,000 objects, January 2007 Source: AstDys (A. Milani) Physics of collisional disruption phenomena Asteroid Collisional
More informationThe Main Points. Asteroids. Lecture #22: Asteroids 3/14/2008
Lecture #22: Asteroids Discovery/Observations Where are they? How many are there? What are they like? Where did they come from? Reading: Chapter 12.1 Astro 102/104 1 The Main Points Asteroids are small,
More informationSolar System dynamics: recent developments
Solar System dynamics: recent developments G. B. Valsecchi, IASF-Roma, INAF, Roma (Italy) Recent developments: planets Dynamics of the planets Slow chaos in planetary motions. Chaotic spins of the inner
More informationa. 1/3 AU b. 3 AU 5. Meteor showers occur
1 AST104 Sp. 2006: WELCOME TO EXAM 3 Multiple Choice Questions: Mark the best answer choice on the answer form. Read all answer choices before making selection. CHECK YOUR WORK CAREFULLY BEFORE HANDING
More informationAstronomy. physics.wm.edu/~hancock/171/ A. Dayle Hancock. Small 239. Office hours: MTWR 10-11am. Page 1
Astronomy A. Dayle Hancock adhancock@wm.edu Small 239 Office hours: MTWR 10-11am Planetology I Terrestrial and Jovian planets Similarities/differences between planetary satellites Surface and atmosphere
More informationEarth in the Universe Unit Notes
Earth in the Universe Unit Notes The Universe - everything everywhere, 15-20 billion years old Inside the universe there are billions of Galaxies Inside each Galaxy there are billions of Solar Systems
More informationVagabonds of the Solar System
Vagabonds of the Solar System Guiding Questions 1. How and why were the asteroids first discovered? 2. Why didn t the asteroids coalesce to form a single planet? 3. What do asteroids look like? 4. How
More information12/3/14. Guiding Questions. Vagabonds of the Solar System. A search for a planet between Mars and Jupiter led to the discovery of asteroids
Guiding Questions Vagabonds of the Solar System 1. How and why were the asteroids first discovered? 2. Why didn t the asteroids coalesce to form a single planet? 3. What do asteroids look like? 4. How
More informationPaweł Kankiewicz, Ireneusz Włodarczyk
Meeting on Asteroids and Comets in Europe Vienna, Austria, 12-14.05.2006 The stability of orbits of effective Mars Crossers Paweł Kankiewicz, Ireneusz Włodarczyk Astrophysics Division, Institute of Physics,
More information1 The Solar System. 1.1 a journey into our galaxy
1 The Solar System Though Pluto, and the far-flung depths of the Solar System, is the focus of this book, it is essential that Pluto is placed in the context of the planetary system that it inhabits our
More informationCosmic Microwave Background Radiation
Base your answers to questions 1 and 2 on the passage below and on your knowledge of Earth Science. Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation In the 1920s, Edwin Hubble's discovery of a pattern in the red
More informationAstronomy Wed. Oct. 6
Astronomy 301 - Wed. Oct. 6 Guest lectures, Monday and today: Prof. Harriet Dinerstein Monday: The outer planets & their moons Today: asteroids, comets, & the Kuiper Belt; formation of the Solar System
More informationAstronomy Unit Notes Name:
Astronomy Unit Notes Name: (DO NOT LOSE!) To help with the planets order 1 My = M 2 V = Venus 3 Eager = E 4 M = Mars 5 Just = J 6 Served = Saturn 7 Us = Uranus 8 N = N 1 Orbit: The path (usually elliptical)
More informationAstronomy 1001/1005 Midterm (200 points) Name:
Astronomy 1001/1005 Midterm (00 points) Name: Instructions: Mark your answers on this test AND your bubble sheet You will NOT get your bubble sheet back One page of notes and calculators are allowed Use
More informationAstronomy 111 Exam Review Problems (Real exam will be Tuesday Oct 25, 2016)
Astronomy 111 Exam Review Problems (Real exam will be Tuesday Oct 25, 2016) Actual Exam rules: you may consult only one page of formulas and constants and a calculator while taking this test. You may not
More informationThe solar system pt 2 MR. BANKS 8 TH GRADE SCIENCE
The solar system pt 2 MR. BANKS 8 TH GRADE SCIENCE Dwarf planets Following the discovery of multiple objects similar to Pluto (and one that was even bigger than Pluto) a new classification for planets
More informationThe Fomalhaut Debris Disk
The Fomalhaut Debris Disk IRAS 12 micron http://ssc.spitzer.caltech.edu/documents/compendium/foma lhaut/ Fomalhaut is a bright A3 V star 7.7 pc away IRAS discovered an IR excess indicating a circumstellar
More informationPTYS 214 Spring Announcements. Midterm #4 in one week!
PTYS 214 Spring 2018 Announcements Midterm #4 in one week! 1 Previously Mass extinctions K/Pg extinction Impact theory -- evidence? Other possible causes Other extinctions 2 Where did the K/Pg impactor
More informationCh. 6: Smaller Bodies in the Solar System
Ch. 6: Smaller Bodies in the Solar System FIGURE 9-1 (Discovering the Universe) Different Classifications of Solar System Objects Some of the definitions of the different types of objects in the solar
More informationLEARNING ABOUT THE OUTER PLANETS. NASA's Cassini spacecraft. Io Above Jupiter s Clouds on New Year's Day, Credit: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona
LEARNING ABOUT THE OUTER PLANETS Can see basic features through Earth-based telescopes. Hubble Space Telescope especially useful because of sharp imaging. Distances from Kepler s 3 rd law, diameters from
More informationUniverse Now. 5. Minor planets and other small bodies in the Solar System
Universe Now 5. Minor planets and other small bodies in the Solar System An overview of the known Solar System The Sun 4 terrestrial planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars 4 Jovian planets: Jupiter, Saturn,
More informationWho was here? How can you tell? This is called indirect evidence!
1 Who was here? How can you tell? This is called indirect evidence! 2 How does a planetary system form? The one we can study in the most detail is our solar system. If we want to know whether the solar
More informationThe Big Bang Theory (page 854)
Name Class Date Space Homework Packet Homework #1 Hubble s Law (pages 852 853) 1. How can astronomers use the Doppler effect? 2. The shift in the light of a galaxy toward the red wavelengths is called
More informationSOLAR SYSTEM EXAMPLE EXAM B DIVISION
SOLAR SYSTEM EXAMPLE EXAM B DIVISION 2017-2018 TEAM NUMBER: TEAM NAME: STUDENT NAMES: Do not open the test packet until instructed by the event supervisor. Ensure that you have all 6 pages of the test,
More informationWhich of the following statements best describes the general pattern of composition among the four jovian
Part A Which of the following statements best describes the general pattern of composition among the four jovian planets? Hint A.1 Major categories of ingredients in planetary composition The following
More informationAstronomy 103: First Exam
Name: Astronomy 103: First Exam Stephen Lepp October 27, 2010 Each question is worth 2 points. Write your name on this exam and on the scantron. 1 Short Answer A. What is the largest of the terrestrial
More informationAstronomy November, 2016 Introduction to Astronomy: The Solar System. Mid-term Exam 3. Practice Version. Name (written legibly):
Astronomy 101 16 November, 2016 Introduction to Astronomy: The Solar System Mid-term Exam 3 Practice Version Name (written legibly): Honor Pledge: On my honor, I have neither given nor received unauthorized
More information12.3 Pluto: Lone Dog No More
12.3 Pluto: Lone Dog No More Our goals for learning: How big can a comet be? What are the large objects of the Kuiper belt like? Are Pluto and Eris planets? How big can a comet be? Pluto s Orbit Pluto
More informationCST Prep- 8 th Grade Astronomy
CST Prep- 8 th Grade Astronomy Chapter 15 (Part 1) 1. The theory of how the universe was created is called the 2. Which equation states that matter and energy are interchangeable? 3. All matter in the
More informationName: Earth 110 Exploration of the Solar System Assignment 1: Celestial Motions and Forces Due on Tuesday, Jan. 19, 2016
Name: Earth 110 Exploration of the Solar System Assignment 1: Celestial Motions and Forces Due on Tuesday, Jan. 19, 2016 Why are celestial motions and forces important? They explain the world around us.
More informationEarth Space Systems. Semester 1 Exam. Astronomy Vocabulary
Earth Space Systems Semester 1 Exam Astronomy Vocabulary Astronomical Unit- Aurora- Big Bang- Black Hole- 1AU is the average distance between the Earth and the Sun (93 million miles). This unit of measurement
More informationHNRS 227 Fall 2006 Chapter 13. What is Pluto? What is a Planet? There are two broad categories of planets: Terrestrial and Jovian
Key Points of Chapter 13 HNRS 227 Fall 2006 Chapter 13 The Solar System presented by Prof. Geller 24 October 2006 Planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune Dwarf Planets Pluto,
More informationChapter 12 Remnants of Rock and Ice. Asteroid Facts. NEAR Spacecraft: Asteroid Eros
Chapter 12 Remnants of Rock and Ice Asteroids, Comets, and the Kuiper Belt Asteroid Facts Asteroids are rocky leftovers of planet formation Largest is Ceres, diameter ~1,000 km (most smaller) 150,000 in
More informationA collective effort of many people active in the CU4 of the GAIA DPAC
A collective effort of many people active in the CU4 of the GAIA DPAC (D. Hestroffer, P. Tanga, J.M. Petit, J. Berthier, W. Thuillot, F. Mignard, M. Delbò,...) The impact of GAIA on Asteroid Science will
More informationGET-WISE Presentation on Collisions in the Solar System Dr. Jeffrey Morgenthaler
When Worlds Collide GET-WISE Presentation on Collisions in the Solar System Dr. Jeffrey Morgenthaler Copyright, 1996 Dale Carnegie & Associates, Inc. Introduction This talk is about impacts between objects
More information1 of 5 5/2/2015 5:50 PM
1 of 5 5/2/2015 5:50 PM 1. A comet that has a semi-major axis of 100 AU must have a period of about 10 years. 20 years. 100 years. 1000 years. 2. Astronomers believe chondrite meteorites are about 4.6
More informationBoardworks Ltd Asteroids and Comets
1 of 20 Boardworks Ltd 2011 Asteroids and Comets 2 of 20 Boardworks Ltd 2011 What are asteroids? 3 of 20 Boardworks Ltd 2011 Asteroids are large rocks which normally orbit the Sun. Scientists believe that
More informationAside from my last lecture: my solar cooker!
Aside from my last lecture: my solar cooker! Don t forget to turn in homework. Bring star wheel on Wed! Remember, no class next Monday, Nov 11, Veteran s day Wed Nov 13: second Kitt Peak trip: many more
More informationAstronomy 111, Fall October 2011
Astronomy 111, Fall 011 4 October 011 Today in Astronomy 111: asteroids, perturbations and orbital resonances Leftovers: proofs of Kepler s second and third laws Elliptical orbits and center of mass More
More informationWhich letter on the timeline best represents the time when scientists estimate that the Big Bang occurred? A) A B) B C) C D) D
1. The red shift of light from most galaxies is evidence that A) most galaxies are moving away from Earth B) a majority of stars in most galaxies are red giants C) the light slows down as it nears Earth
More informationSaturn and Planetary Rings 4/5/07
Saturn and Planetary Rings Announcements Reading Assignment Chapter 15 5 th homework due next Thursday, April 12 (currently posted on the website). Reminder about term paper due April 17. There will be
More informationWHAT WE KNOW. Scientists observe that every object in the universe is moving away from each other. Objects furthest away are moving the fastest. So..
ASTRONOMY THE BIG BANG THEORY WHAT WE KNOW Scientists observe that every object in the universe is moving away from each other. Objects furthest away are moving the fastest. So.. WHAT DOES THIS MEAN? If
More informationAstronomy 111 Review Problems Solutions
Astronomy 111 Review Problems Solutions Problem 1: Venus has an equatorial radius of 6052 km. Its semi-major axis is 0.72 AU. The Sun has a radius of cm. a) During a Venus transit (such as occurred June
More informationLecture Outlines. Chapter 14. Astronomy Today 7th Edition Chaisson/McMillan Pearson Education, Inc.
Lecture Outlines Chapter 14 Astronomy Today 7th Edition Chaisson/McMillan Chapter 14 Solar System Debris Units of Chapter 14 14.1 Asteroids What Killed the Dinosaurs? 14.2 Comets 14.3 Beyond Neptune 14.4
More informationOutline. Question of Scale. Planets Dance. Homework #2 was due today at 11:50am! It s too late now.
Outline Homework #2 was due today at 11:50am! It s too late now. Planetarium observing is over. Switch Gears Solar System Introduction The Planets, the Asteroid belt, the Kupier objects, and the Oort cloud
More informationPlanetary system dynamics Part III Mathematics / Part III Astrophysics
Planetary system dynamics Part III Mathematics / Part III Astrophysics Lecturer: Prof. Mark Wyatt (Dr. Amy Bonsor on 9,11 Oct) Schedule: Michaelmas 2017 Mon, Wed, Fri at 10am MR11, 24 lectures, start Fri
More informationPlanetarium observing is over. Nighttime observing starts next week.
Homework #2 was due today at 11:50am! It s too late now. Planetarium observing is over. Solar observing is over. Nighttime observing starts next week. Outline Switch Gears Solar System Introduction The
More informationASTR 1P01 Test 1, May 2018 Page 1 BROCK UNIVERSITY. Test 1: Spring 2018 Number of pages: 10 Course: ASTR 1P01, Section 1 Number of students: 598
ASTR 1P01 Test 1, May 2018 Page 1 BROCK UNIVERSITY Test 1: Spring 2018 Number of pages: 10 Course: ASTR 1P01, Section 1 Number of students: 598 Examination date: 12 May 2018 Time limit: 50 min Time of
More informationThe Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. Asteroids, Comets, and Dwarf Planets: Their Natures, Orbits, and Impacts. Chapter 12 Review Clickers
Review Clickers The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition Asteroids, Comets, and Dwarf Planets: Their Natures, Orbits, and Impacts Asteroids a) are rocky and small typically the size of a grain of rice or
More informationDebris Disks and the Evolution of Planetary Systems. Christine Chen September 1, 2009
Debris Disks and the Evolution of Planetary Systems Christine Chen September 1, 2009 Why Study Circumstellar Disks? How common is the architecture of our solar system (terrestrial planets, asteroid belt,
More informationASTRONOMY CURRICULUM Unit 1: Introduction to Astronomy
Chariho Regional School District - Science Curriculum September, 2016 ASTRONOMY CURRICULUM Unit 1: Introduction to Astronomy OVERVIEW Summary Students will be introduced to the overarching concept of astronomy.
More informationThe Solar System - I. Alexei Gilchrist. [The Story of the Solar System]
The Solar System - I Alexei Gilchrist [The Story of the Solar System] Some resources Section 13.3 of Voyages (references and links at end) References noted in these slides The Story of the Solar System,
More informationTEACHER BACKGROUND INFORMATION
TEACHER BACKGROUND INFORMATION (The Universe) A. THE UNIVERSE: The universe encompasses all matter in existence. According to the Big Bang Theory, the universe was formed 10-20 billion years ago from a
More informationWhat Objects Are Part of the Solar System?
What Objects Are Part of the Solar System? Lesson 1 Quiz Josleen divided some of the planets into two main groups. The table below shows how she grouped them. Paul created a poster showing the solar system.
More informationThe Planet Pluto. & Kuiper Belt. The Search for PLANET X Pluto Discovered. Note how Pluto Moved in 6 days. Pluto (Hades): King of the Underworld
X The Planet Pluto & Kuiper Belt Updated May 9, 2016 The Search for PLANET X Recall Neptune was predicted from observed changes in orbit of Uranus Lowell & Pickering suggest small changes in Neptune s
More informationThe Solar System. Sun. Rotates and revolves around the Milky Way galaxy at such a slow pace that we do not notice any effects.
The Solar System Sun Center of the solar system About 150,000,000 km from the Earth An averaged sized, yellow star Spherical in shape due to gravity Made of about ¾ hydrogen and ¼ helium, both of which
More informationPluto s orbit is tilted and significantly elliptical. Neptune orbits three times during the time Pluto orbits twice resonance prevents a collision.
Chapter 9 Part 2 Dwarf Planets and Impacts Pluto s Orbit Pluto s orbit is tilted and significantly elliptical. Neptune orbits three times during the time Pluto orbits twice resonance prevents a collision.
More informationFCAT Review Space Science
FCAT Review Space Science The Law of Universal Gravitation The law of universal gravitation states that ALL matter in the universe attracts each other. Gravity is greatly impacted by both mass and distance
More informationWhat is the solar system?
Notes Astronomy What is the solar system? 11.1 Structure of the Solar System Our solar system includes planets and dwarf planets, their moons, a star called the Sun, asteroids and comets. Planets, dwarf
More informationAsteroids February 23
Asteroids February 23 Test 2 Mon, Feb 28 Covers 6 questions from Test 1. Added to score of Test 1 Telescopes Solar system Format similar to Test 1 Missouri Club Fri 9:00 1415 Fri, last 10 minutes of class
More informationUniverse: everything that exists, including all matter and energy everywhere
WHAT DO YOU KNOW? Universe: everything that exists, including all matter and energy everywhere The study of what is beyond Earth Many years ago, skywatchers took note of patterns in the stars and there
More informationAt this point of its orbit, any solar satellite such as a comet or a planet is farthest away from the sun. What is the aphelion?
At this point of its orbit, any solar satellite such as a comet or a planet is farthest away from the sun. What is the aphelion? These small, rocky worlds orbit the sun generally between the orbits of
More informationIntroduction to the Universe. What makes up the Universe?
Introduction to the Universe What makes up the Universe? Objects in the Universe Astrophysics is the science that tries to make sense of the universe by - describing the Universe (Astronomy) - understanding
More informationThe effects of YORP on the spin rate distribution of the Near Earth Objects
The effects of YORP on the spin rate distribution of the Near Earth Objects A. Rossi, F. Marzari, D.J. Scheeres ISTI CNR, Pisa Università di Padova University of Colorado Binary Asteroid Dynamics Workshop
More informationThe Moon. Tidal Coupling Surface Features Impact Cratering Moon Rocks History and Origin of the Moon
The Moon Tidal Coupling Surface Features Impact Cratering Moon Rocks History and Origin of the Moon Earth Moon Semi-major Axis 1 A.U. 384 x 10 3 km Inclination 0 Orbital period 1.000 tropical year 27.32
More informationIntroduction to the Universe
What makes up the Universe? Introduction to the Universe Book page 642-644 Objects in the Universe Astrophysics is the science that tries to make sense of the universe by - describing the Universe (Astronomy)
More informationApparent Motion. How do celestial objects appear to move across the sky?
Apparent Motion How do celestial objects appear to move across the sky? 1 Apparent Motions Geocentric Universe - idea that Earth was at the center of the solar system Stars all rotate around the Earth
More informationA s t e r o i d s, C o m e t s & N E O s ( B a c k g r o u n d I n f o r m a t i o n )
A s t e r o i d s, C o m e t s & N E O s ( B a c k g r o u n d I n f o r m a t i o n ) Author: Sarah Roberts Asteroids Asteroids, Comets and NEOs - Background Information Asteroids are rocky objects which
More informationAST Section 2: Test 1
AST1002 - Section 2: Test 1 Date: 10/06/2009 Name: Equations: c = λ f, λ peak = Question 1: A star with a declination of +40.0 degrees will be 1. east of the vernal equinox. 2. west of the vernal equinox.
More informationAstronomy Final Exam Study Guide
Astronomy Final Exam Study Guide 1. Daily motion is diurnal. Yearly motion is annual. 2. The Celestial equator lies directly above the Earth s equator. The Celestial North Pole lies directly above the
More informationChapter 29. The Solar System. The Solar System. Section 29.1 Models of the Solar System notes Models of the Solar System
The Solar System Chapter 29 The Solar System Section 29.1 Models of the Solar System 29.1 notes Models of the Solar System Geocentric: : Earth-centered model of the solar system. (Everything revolves around
More informationLecture Outlines. Chapter 15. Astronomy Today 7th Edition Chaisson/McMillan Pearson Education, Inc.
Lecture Outlines Chapter 15 Astronomy Today 7th Edition Chaisson/McMillan Chapter 15 The Formation of Planetary Systems Units of Chapter 15 15.1 Modeling Planet Formation 15.2 Terrestrial and Jovian Planets
More informationES - Astronomy Part 2 Post-Test
ES - Astronomy Part 2 Post-Test True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. 1. Compared to the human eye, telescopes can collect light over longer periods of time. 2. The inner planets
More informationComparative Planetology I: Our Solar System. Chapter Seven
Comparative Planetology I: Our Solar System Chapter Seven ASTR 111 003 Fall 2006 Lecture 07 Oct. 16, 2006 Introduction To Modern Astronomy I Introducing Astronomy (chap. 1-6) Planets and Moons (chap. 7-17)
More informationINVESTIGATION OF ORBITAL EVOLUTION OF INTERPLANETARY DUST PARTICLES ORIGINATING FROM KUIPER BELT AND ASTEROID BELT OBJECTS
INVESTIGATION OF ORBITAL EVOLUTION OF INTERPLANETARY DUST PARTICLES ORIGINATING FROM KUIPER BELT AND ASTEROID BELT OBJECTS 1 PALAK DHARSANDIA, 2 DR. JAYESH PABARI, 3 DR. CHARMY PATEL 1 Research Scholar,
More informationOrigin of the Solar System
Origin of the Solar System and Solar System Debris 1 Debris comets meteoroids asteroids gas dust 2 Asteroids irregular, rocky hunks small in mass and size Ceres - largest, 1000 km in diameter (1/3 Moon)
More information1star 1 star 9 8 planets 63 (major) moons asteroids, comets, meteoroids
The Solar System 1star 1 star 9 8 planets 63 (major) moons asteroids, comets, meteoroids The distances to planets are known from Kepler s Laws (once calibrated with radar ranging to Venus) How are planet
More information