1845 Jean George. Early Astronomical Photographs:

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1 Image Date Imager Object Object Type Constellation Notes John William Moon Full. Moon Zodiacal On the 23rd of March 1840, after a number of unsuccessful attempts, the 1840 Draper New York Professor of Chemistry, John William Draper ( ) reported, at a meeting of the New York Lyceum of Natural History, later to become the New York Academy of Sciences, that he had been successful in utilizing a 6-inch (13cm) Reflector Telescope and a small Daguerreotype camera to photograph the Moon s surface on one inch diameter plates with a twenty minute exposure. This was the first successful photograph ever taken 1845 Jean Bernhard Foucault 1851 of an astronomical object. Sun. Sun Zodiacal According to Francois Arago, a number of 'large scale' Daguerreotypes of the Sun were obtained by Armand Hippolyte Louis Fizeau ( ) and Jean Bernard Léon Foucault ( ) at the Paris Observatory. One of these photographs, taken on the 2nd of April 1845, still survives. This is the earliest surviving 'large scale' photograph ever taken of the Sun showing its spots as well. An earlier 'coin' sized photograph of the Sun by Fizeau and Foucault exists. M. Berkowski Sun. Sun Zodiacal A Daguerreotype photograph of a total eclipse of the Sun which took place on the 28th of July 1851 Konigsberg, Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia) was obtained by a Mr. Berkowski, recording the inner corona and several prominences. This is the first successful photograph ever taken of a Total Eclipse of the Sun John Adams Whipple First Quarter. Moon Zodiacal One of the earliest photographs of the Moon, taken by John Adams Whipple on the 26th February 1852 using the 15 Great Harvard Refractor George Phillips Bond ZetUMa. Star. Ursa Major In 1857 George Philips Bond ( ) and the Boston photographer, John Adams Whipple ( ) and his partner, James Wallace Black ( ), produced wet collodion photographs of the double star Mizar (zeta Ursa Majoris) and its fourth magnitude companion Alcor (80 Ursa Majoris) using the 15-inch (38 cm) Great Harvard Refractor Lewis Morris Rutherfurd First Quarter. Moon Zodiacal In 1865 Lewis Morris Rutherfurd obtains excellent images of the Moon using a specially corrected photographic inch (290mm) lens; which were for many years the best ever taken, until the work of Pickering, Loewy and Puiseux.

2 1865 Lewis Morris Rutherfurd Moon Full. Moon Zodiacal Another of Lewis Morris Rutherfurd s Lunar images taken from his Observatory in the centre of New York in Pierre Jules Cesar Janssen Pierre Jules Cesar Janssen Solar Photosphere. Solar Photosphere. Sun Zodiacal In 1877 Jules Janssen obtains a number of solar photographs which shows the granulation of the solar photosphere) for the first time. However on the 11th of August 1871, Lewis Morris Rutherfurd obtains a photograph of the Sun which purports to show the granulation on its surface. He sends a copy of this photograph to the Royal Astronomical Society in a letter dated the 10th of May 1878, the year after Janssen s photographs of the solar granulation. Sun Zodiacal In 1876 Janssen presents his first solar photographs to the French Academy of Sciences (10 to 70 cm diameter). These wet collodion images were obtained using a 140 mm refractor with exposures from 1/500 to 1/6000 of a second Henry Draper M42 NGC1976 Pierre Jules Cesar Janssen Nebulae Orion On the 30th of September 1880 the New York Doctor, Henry Draper ( ), the son of John William Draper, photographed the 'Great Orion' nebula (M42) using his 11-inch Alvan Clark Refractor with an exposure of 51 minutes, from his Observatory at Hastings-on-Hudson, New York. This was the very first photograph ever taken of a Deep Space Object (DSO). In March 1881 he took an even better photograph of M42 with an exposure of 104 minutes, and a year later in March 1882 he produced a third photograph, extending the exposure of M42 to 137 minutes. Comet. Planets Zodiacal It used to be thought that Jules Janssen ( ) was the first person to obtain a successful image of a comet, when he photographed the comet Tebbutt 1881 III, the 1st of July Janssen used a dry plate and an exposure of 30 minutes with a 50 cm f/3 instrument. However it is now known that this honour goes to William Usherwood who imaged Donati s Comet on the 27 September David Gill Comet. Planets Zodiacal One of an excellent series of Photographs of Comet 1882 II at the Cape Observatory, South Africa during the October and November of 1882, using a portrait lensof 2 ½ -inch aperture Andrew Ainslie Common M42 NGC1976 Nebulae Orion 37 minute exposure taken on the 30th January 1883.

3 1886 Henry Brothers 1886 Henry Brothers Jupiter. Planets Zodiacal In the years the French astronomer brothers, Paul Henry ( ) and Prosper Henry ( ) took a series of photographs of the planets, when they imaged Jupiter and Saturn. These photographs were the first successful images ever taken of a planet. Prior to this time others had tried including contemporary pioneers like Warren de La Rue, but failed; his images of 1857 were only ½ mm across, and were therefore barely visible!12.8" Photographic Refractor, Meudon, Paris Saturn. Planets Zodiacal 12.8" Photographic Refractor, Meudon, Paris 1888 Williamina Paton Stevens Fleming 1890 Henry Brothers B33 Horsehead Nebulae Orion In 1888 Williamina Paton Stevens Fleming was to make a discovery which Astrophotographers all around the world will thank her for (and curse her just as much!). The dark nebula 33 was first noticed that year by her on photographic plate No. B2312; taken at the Harvard College Observatory by William Henry Pickering. It was afterwards to become universally known as the Horsehead Nebula. Plate 2312 was taken with 90 minute exposure using the Harvard Observatory's 8-inch Bache Telescope. The plate covered an area of sky about 10 degrees square, of which the inner 7 degrees provides good definition. This was the first ever photograph taken of the most iconic all astronomical objects the famous Horsehead Nebula in Orion. 90 minute exposure taken by William Henry Pickering, using the 8-inch Bache Astrograph then at Harvard but later transferred to Arequipa, Peru. It has a focal length of 44-inches. Theophilus. Moon Zodiacal 24" (60cm) Equatorial Coude Refractor, Meudon, Paris 1891 Isaac Roberts M2 NGC7089 Globular Cluster Aquarius 30th October 1891; 88 minutes exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, 1892 Aquila. Constellation Aquila Exact Date Unknown sometime between ; 6" Crocker Telescope,

4 1892 Auriga. Constellation Auriga Exact Date Unknown sometime between ; 6" Crocker Telescope, 1892 NGC7000 C20/ H V-37. Nebulae Cygnus North American Nebula. Exact Date Unknown sometime between ; 6" Crocker Telescope, 1892 NGC6960 C34. Supernova Cygnus Exact Date Unknown sometime between ; 6" Crocker Telescope, 1892 Mel25 C41. Open Cluster Taurus. Exact Date Unknown sometime between ; 6" Crocker Telescope, 1892 Cassiopeia. Constellation Cassiopeia Exact Date Unknown sometime between ; 6" Crocker Telescope, 1892 Cepheus. Constellation Cepheus Exact Date Unknown sometime between ; 6" Crocker Telescope,

5 1892 Cetus. Constellation Cetus Exact Date Unknown sometime between ; 6" Crocker Telescope, 1892 Comet. Planets Zodiacal Comet Holmes; 8th December 1892; Crocker Telescope, Lick Observatory, Mount Hamilton, California Comet. Planets Zodiacal Comet Swift; 4th April 1892, Crocker Telescope, Lick Observatory, Mount Hamilton, California Cygnus. Constellation Cygnus Exact Date Unknown sometime between ; 6" Crocker Telescope, 1892 Eridanus. Constellation Eridanus Exact Date Unknown sometime between ; 6" Crocker Telescope, 1892 Gemini. Constellation Gemini Exact Date Unknown sometime between ; 6" Crocker Telescope,

6 1892 Rho Ophiuchii. Star Field Ophiuchus Exact Date Unknown sometime between ; 6" Crocker Telescope, 1892 Lyra. Constellation Lyra Exact Date Unknown sometime between ; 6" Crocker Telescope, 1892 M11 NGC6705 Open Cluster Scutum Exact Date Unknown sometime between ; 6" Crocker Telescope, 1892 M24 NGC6603 Star Field Sagittarius Exact Date Unknown sometime between ; 6" Crocker Telescope, 1892 M31 NGC224 Galaxy. Andromeda Exact Date Unknown sometime between ; 6" Crocker Telescope, 1892 M35 NGC2168 Open Cluster Gemini Exact Date Unknown sometime between ; 6" Crocker Telescope,

7 1892 M41 NGC2287 Open Cluster Canis Major Exact Date Unknown sometime between ; 6" Crocker Telescope, 1892 M42 NGC1976 Nebulae Orion Exact Date Unknown sometime between ; 6" Crocker Telescope, 1892 M45 NGC1432 Open Cluster Taurus. Exact Date Unknown sometime between ; 6" Crocker Telescope, 1892 M8 NGC6523 Nebulae Sagittarius Exact Date Unknown sometime between ; 6" Crocker Telescope, 1892 Monoceros Constellation Monoceros Exact Date Unknown sometime between ; 6" Crocker Telescope, 1892 Ophiuchus. Constellation Ophiuchus Exact Date Unknown sometime between ; 6" Crocker Telescope,

8 1892 Orion. Constellation Orion Exact Date Unknown sometime between ; 6" Crocker Telescope, 1892 Perseus. Constellation Perseus Exact Date Unknown sometime between ; 6" Crocker Telescope, 1892 Sagitta. Constellation Sagitta Exact Date Unknown sometime between ; 6" Crocker Telescope, 1892 Scorpius. Constellation Scorpius Exact Date Unknown sometime between ; 6" Crocker Telescope, 1892 Taurus. Constellation Taurus. Exact Date Unknown sometime between ; 6" Crocker Telescope, 1892 Vulpecula. Constellation Vulpecula Exact Date Unknown sometime between ; 6" Crocker Telescope,

9 1893 Comet. Planets Zodiacal Comet Brooks; 18th October 1893, Crocker Telescope, Lick Observatory, Mount Hamilton, California Isaac Roberts NGC654 H VII-46. Open Cluster Cassiopeia 15th January 1893; 1 hour exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, Crowborough, 1893 Isaac Roberts M74 NGC628 Galaxy. Pisces 9th December 1893; 3 hours 40 minutes exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, 1893 Isaac Roberts NGC1528 X25 H VII-61. Open Cluster Perseus 15th January 1893; 1 hour exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, Crowborough, 1894 Isaac Roberts NGC4631 C32 H V-42. Galaxy. Canes Venatici 29th March 1894; 3 hours exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, Crowborough, 1894 Isaac Roberts NGC2506 C54 H VI-37. Open Cluster Monoceros 27th February 1894; 1 hour 30 minutes exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, 1894 Comet. Planets Zodiacal Comet Gale; 29th April 1894; Crocker Telescope, Lick Observatory, Mount Hamilton, California.

10 1894 Isaac Roberts NGC4900 H I-143. Galaxy. Virgo 9th April 1894; 3 hours exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, Crowborough, 1894 Isaac Roberts NGC2438 H IV-39. Planetary Nebula Puppis 24th February 1894; 90 minutes exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, 1894 Isaac Roberts NGC4536 H V-2. Galaxy. Virgo 25th March 1894; 3 hours exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, Crowborough, 1894 Isaac Roberts M46 NGC2437 Open Cluster Puppis 24th February 1894; 1 hour 30 minutes exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, 1894 Isaac Roberts M65 NGC3623 Galaxy. Leo Major 28th February 1894; 3 hours 40 minutes exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, 1894 Isaac Roberts M66 NGC3627 Galaxy. Leo Major 28th February 1894; 3 hours 40 minutes exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, 1894 Pierre Henri Puiseux Mare Vaporum. Moon Zodiacal 24" (60cm) Equatorial Coude Refractor, Meudon, Paris

11 1894 Pierre Henri Puiseux Maurolycus. Moon Zodiacal 24" (60cm) Equatorial Coude Refractor, Meudon, Paris 1894 Isaac Roberts NGC3628 X58 H V-8. Galaxy. Leo Major 28th February 1894; 3 hours 45 minutes exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, 1894 Isaac Roberts NGC4656 X67 H I-176. Galaxy. Canes Venatici 29th March 1894; 3 hours exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, Crowborough, 1895 Isaac Roberts NGC2976 H I-285. Galaxy. Ursa Major 28th March 1895; 1 hour 30 minutes exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, 1895 Isaac Roberts NGC3079 H V-47. Galaxy. Ursa Major 14th April 1895; 90 minutes exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, Crowborough, 1895 Isaac Roberts NGC7086 H VI-32. Open Cluster Cygnus 21st September 1895; 90 minutes exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, 1895 Isaac Roberts NGC7142 H VII-66. Open Cluster Cepheus 25th September 1895; 3 hours exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield,

12 1895 Isaac Roberts M1 NGC1952 Supernova Taurus. 25th January 1895; 60 minutes exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, 1895 Isaac Roberts M108 NGC3556 Galaxy. Ursa Major 20th April 1895; 4 hours exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, Crowborough, 1895 Isaac Roberts M13 NGC6205 Globular Cluster Hercules 28th May 1895; 60 minutes exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, Crowborough, 1895 Isaac Roberts M24 NGC6603 Star Field Sagittarius 14th August 1895; 2hours exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, Crowborough, 1895 Isaac Roberts M31 NGC224 Galaxy. Andromeda 17th October 1895; 90 minutes exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, 1895 Isaac Roberts M33 NGC598 Galaxy. Triangulum. 14th November 1895; 2 hours 15 minutes exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, 1895 Isaac Roberts M97 NGC3587 Planetary Nebula Ursa Major 20th April 1895; 4 hours exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, Crowborough,

13 1895 Isaac Roberts NGC6866 X100 H VII-59. Open Cluster Cygnus 12th September 1895; 60 minutes exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, 1896 Isaac Roberts NGC6946 C12 H IV-76. Galaxy. Cepheus 9th October 1896; 2 hours 55 minutes exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, 1896 Isaac Roberts NGC7000 C20 H V-37. Nebulae Cygnus 10th October 1896; 2 hours 55 minutes exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, 1896 Isaac Roberts NGC6992 C33. Supernova Cygnus 4th November 1896; 2 hours 55 minutes exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, 1896 Isaac Roberts NGC4565 C38 H V-24. Galaxy. Coma Berenices 11th May 1896; 2 hours 53 minutes exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, 1896 Pierre Henri Puiseux Clavius. Moon Zodiacal 24" (60cm) Equatorial Coude Refractor, Meudon, Paris 1896 Isaac Roberts NGC3631 H I-226. Galaxy. Ursa Major 29th April 1896; 2 hours 49 minutes exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield,

14 1896 Isaac Roberts NGC7044 H VI-24. Open Cluster Cygnus 4th October 1896; 90 minutes exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, 1896 Isaac Roberts M100 NGC4321 Galaxy. Coma Berenices 9th May 1896; 2 hours 57 minutes exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, 1896 Isaac Roberts M11 NGC6705 Open Cluster Scutum 10th August 1896; 1 hour 30 minutes exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, 1896 Isaac Roberts M42 NGC1976 Nebulae Orion 15th January 1896; 90 minutes exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, 1896 Isaac Roberts M51 NGC5194 Galaxy. Canes Venatici 15th April 1896; 90 minutes exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, Crowborough, 1896 Isaac Roberts M63 NGC5055 Galaxy. Canes Venatici 14th May 1896; 2 hours 55 minutes exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, 1896 Isaac Roberts M64 NGC4826 Galaxy. Coma Berenices 10th May 1896; 2 hours 56 minutes exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield,

15 1896 Isaac Roberts M99 NGC4254 Galaxy. Coma Berenices 4th May 1896; 2 hours 57 minutes exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, 1896 Isaac Roberts NGC281 X3. Nebulae Cassiopeia 6th November 1896; 2 hours 55 minutes exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, 1897 Isaac Roberts NGC4244 C26. Galaxy. Canes Venatici 28th April 1897; 90 minutes exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, Crowborough, 1897 Isaac Roberts NGC6888 C27. Nebulae Cygnus 3rd September 1897; 2 hours 51 minutes exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, 1897 Isaac Roberts NGC2194 H VI-5. Open Cluster Orion 23rd February 1897; 1 hour exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, Crowborough, 1897 Isaac Roberts M104 NGC4594 Galaxy. Virgo 27th April 1897; 90 minutes exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, Crowborough, 1897 Isaac Roberts M14 NGC6402 Globular Cluster Ophiuchus 2nd August 1897; 2 hours 18 minutes exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield,

16 1897 Isaac Roberts M16 NGC6611 Nebulae Serpens Cauda 4th August 1897; 2 hours exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, Crowborough, 1897 William Wilson M42 NGC1976 Nebulae Orion Taken on the 22nd January 1897 with a 20 minute exposure; 24" Grubb Reflector, Daramona, Ireland 1897 Isaac Roberts M45 NGC1432 Open Cluster Taurus. 22nd, 23rd, 25th December 1897; 610 minutes exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, 1897 Moritz Loewy Mare Fecundiatis. Moon Zodiacal 24" (60cm) Equatorial Coude Refractor, Meudon, Paris 1897 Isaac Roberts NGC1499. Nebulae Perseus 18th December 1897; 90 minutes exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, 1898 Isaac Roberts NGC4449 C21 H I-213. Galaxy. Canes Venatici 24t April 1898; 90 minutes exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, Crowborough, 1898 Isaac Roberts NGC7023 C4. Nebulae Cepheus 18th September 1898; 90 minutes exposure; 20" Reflector; 'Starfield Observatory', Crowborough, Sussex, England.

17 1898 Isaac Roberts NGC2403 C7 H V-44. Galaxy. Camelopardalis 21st March 1898; 1 hour 30 minutes exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, 1898 Isaac Roberts Cygnus. Constellation Cygnus 10th September 1898; 2 hours 35 minutes exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, 1898 Isaac Roberts NGC3198 H I-199. Galaxy. Ursa Major 17th April 1898; 2 hours 20 minutes exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, 1898 Pierre Henri Puiseux Lacus Somniorum. Moon Zodiacal 24" (60cm) Equatorial Coude Refractor, Meudon, Paris 1898 James M42 NGC1976 Nebulae Orion 16th November 1898; 40 minutes exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, 1898 Isaac Roberts M57 NGC6720 Planetary Nebula Lyra 10th July 1898; 20 minutes exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, Crowborough, 1898 Isaac Roberts M71 NGC6838 Globular Cluster Sagitta 20th July 1898; 90 minutes exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, Crowborough,

18 1898 Isaac Roberts NGC7789 X108 H VI-30. Open Cluster Cassiopeia 7th December 1898; 90 minutes exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, 1898 Isaac Roberts NGC4490 X63 H I-198. Galaxy. Canes Venatici 23rd April 1898; 2 hours exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, Crowborough, NGC6946 C12 H IV-76. Galaxy. Cepheus 8th August 1899; 4 hours exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, NGC891 C23 H V-19. Galaxy. Andromeda 6th November 1899; 3 hours exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, Lick Observatory, Mount Hamilton, California NGC7331 C30 H I-53. Galaxy. Pegasus 11th August 1899; 4 hours exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, NGC6992 C33. Supernova Cygnus 29th August 1899; 4 hours exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector,

19 NGC7814 C43 H II-240. Galaxy. Pegasus 30th September 1899; 3 hours exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, NGC7479 C44 H I-55. Galaxy. Pegasus 9th August 1899; 2 hours exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, 1899 Isaac Roberts NGC2237 C49. Nebulae Monoceros 5th March 1899; 2 hours 45 minutes exposure; 20" Reflector; Starfield, NGC7217 H II-207. Galaxy. Pegasus 12th August 1899; 4 hours exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, M1 NGC1952 Supernova Taurus. 24th December 1899; 2 hours exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, Lick Observatory, Mount Hamilton, California M101 NGC5457 Galaxy. Ursa Major 8th June 1899; 4 hours exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, Lick Observatory, Mount Hamilton, California

20 M12 NGC6218 Globular Cluster Ophiuchus 11th July 1899; 2 hours exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, Lick Observatory, Mount Hamilton, California M17 NGC6618 Nebulae Sagittarius 9th July 1899; 4 hours exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, M20 NGC6514 Nebulae Sagittarius 6th July 1899; 3 hours exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, Lick Observatory, Mount Hamilton, California M27 NGC6853 Planetary Nebula Vulpecula 31st July 1899; 3 hours exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, Lick Observatory, Mount Hamilton, California M31 NGC224 Galaxy. Andromeda September 7th 1899, 3 hours exposure; Orientation West at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, M33 NGC598 Galaxy. Triangulum. 12th September 1899; 3 hours exposure; Orientation West at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, Lick Observatory, Mount Hamilton, California

21 M45 NGC1432 Open Cluster Taurus. 28th December 1899; 4 hours exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, M51 NGC5194 Galaxy. Canes Venatici 10th May 1899; 4 hours exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, M57 NGC6720 Planetary Nebula Lyra 14th July 1899; 10 minutes exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, Lick Observatory, Mount Hamilton, California M74 NGC628 Galaxy. Pisces 31st October 1899; 4 hours exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, M76 NGC651 Planetary Nebula Perseus 11th September 1899; 3 hours exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, Lick Observatory, Mount Hamilton, California M8 NGC6523 Nebulae Sagittarius 7th July 1899; 4 hours exposure; Orientation West at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector,

22 1899 Pierre Henri Puiseux Mare Nectaris. Moon Zodiacal 24" (60cm) Equatorial Coude Refractor, Meudon, Paris 1899 Pierre Henri Puiseux Mare Tranquillatis. Moon Zodiacal 24" (60cm) Equatorial Coude Refractor, Meudon, Paris 1899 Pierre Henri Puiseux Tycho. Moon Zodiacal 10.5" Equatorial Coude Refractor, Meudon, Paris 1900 James NGC4244 C26. Galaxy. Canes Venatici March 30th 1900; 3 hours exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, 1900 James NGC2403 C7 H V-44. Galaxy. Camelopardalis 27th February 1900; 4 hours exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, 1900 Moritz Loewy Furnerius. Moon Zodiacal 24" (60cm) Equatorial Coude Refractor, Meudon, Paris

23 1900 James NGC3198 H I-199. Galaxy. Ursa Major 24th March 1900; 4 hours exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, 1900 James M13 NGC6205 Globular Cluster Hercules 22nd June 1900; 2 hours exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, 1900 James M3 NGC5272 Globular Cluster Canes Venatici 22nd May 1900; 1 hour 30 minutes exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, Lick Observatory, Mount Hamilton, California 1900 James M61 NGC4303 Galaxy. Virgo 27th April 1900; 3 hours exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, 1900 James M64 NGC4826 Galaxy. Coma Berenices 27th May 1900; 2 hours 30 minutes exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, Lick Observatory, Mount Hamilton, California 1900 James M65 NGC3623 Galaxy. Leo Major 23rd April 1900; 3 hours 30 minutes exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector,

24 1900 James M66 NGC3627 Galaxy. Leo Major 23rd April 1900; 3 hours 30 minutes exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, Lick Observatory, Mount Hamilton, California 1900 James M77 NGC1068 Galaxy. Cetus 3rd December 1900; 3 hours exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, Taken after 's Death James M81 NGC3031 Galaxy. Ursa Major 21st March 1900; 3 hours 55 minutes exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, Lick Observatory, Mount Hamilton, California 1900 James M97 NGC3587 Planetary Nebula Ursa Major 28th March 1900; 4 hours exposure; Orientation South at top; 36" Crossley Reflector, Lick Observatory, Mount Hamilton, California 1900 Moritz Loewy Mare Crisium. Moon Zodiacal 24" (60cm) Equatorial Coude Refractor, Meudon, Paris 1900 James NGC1977 X32. Nebulae Orion 21st January 1900; 2 hours 50 minutes exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector,

25 1900 James NGC2683 X47 H I-200. Galaxy. Lynx 23rd February 1900; 3 hours 20 minutes exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, 1901 NGC4559 C36/H I-92. Galaxy. Coma Berenices 9th May, 1901; 3 hours exposure; Orientation, South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, His Deep Space Object project was completed after 's death by NGC4565 C38 H V-24. Galaxy. Coma Berenices 21st April 1901; 3 hours exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, His Deep Space Object project was completed after 's death by NGC3115 C53 H I-163. Galaxy. Sextans 9th April 1901; 2 hours 30 minutes exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, His Deep Space Object project was completed after 's death by NGC3226 H II-28. Galaxy. Leo Major 10th April 1901; 3 hours exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, His Deep Space Object project was completed after 's death by M100/NGC4321 Galaxy. Coma Berenices 19th April 1901; 3 hours exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, His Deep Space Object project was completed after 's death by.

26 1901 Moritz Loewy Mare Frigoris. Moon Zodiacal 24" (60cm) Equatorial Coude Refractor, Meudon, Paris 1901 Pierre Henri Puiseux Santbech. Moon Zodiacal 24" (60cm) Equatorial Coude Refractor, Meudon, Paris 1902 NGC4631 C32 H V-42. Galaxy. Canes Venatici 6th June 1902; 3 hours exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, His Deep Space Object project was completed after 's death by NGC253 C65 H V-1. Galaxy. Sculptor 18th-20th December 1902; 3 hours exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, His Deep Space Object project was completed after 's death by M108 NGC3556 Galaxy. Ursa Major 3rd May 1902; 4 hours exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, His Deep Space Object project was completed after 's death by M63 NGC5055 Galaxy. Canes Venatici 5th July 1902; 3 hours 30 minutes exposure; 36" Crossley Reflector, Lick Observatory, Mount Hamilton, California. His Deep Space Object project was completed after 's death by.

27 1902 M78 NGC2068 Nebulae Orion 26th November 1902; 3 hours exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, His Deep Space Object project was completed after 's death by M94 NGC4736 Galaxy. Canes Venatici 4th July 1902; 3 hours exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, Taken after 's death M99 NGC4254 Galaxy. Coma Berenices 7th June 1902; 3 hours 19 minutes; Orientation South at top; 36" Crossley Reflector, His Deep Space Object project was completed after 's death by NGC2024 X34 H V-28. Nebulae Orion 28th January 1902; 3 hours exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, His Deep Space Object project was completed after 's death by NGC4725 X69 H I-84. Galaxy. Coma Berenices 30th June - 2nd July 1902; 3 hours 32 minutes exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, Taken after 's death NGC5866 X75 H I-215. Galaxy. Draco 28th July 1902; 3 hours exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, His Deep Space Object project was completed after 's death by.

28 1903 NGC7023 C4. Nebulae Cepheus 19-20th August 1903; 3 hours exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, His Deep Space Object project was completed after 's death by NGC4536 H V-2. Galaxy. Virgo 27th May 1903; 3 hours 30 minutes exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, His Deep Space Object project was completed after 's death by M106 NGC4258 Galaxy. Canes Venatici 23rd May 1903; 3 hours 53 minutes exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, His Deep Space Object project was completed after 's death by Pierre Jules Cesar Janssen Sun. Sun Zodiacal 1903 NGC2264 X38 H VIII-5. Open Cluster Monoceros 23rd February 1903; 3 hours exposure; Orientation South at Top; 36" Crossley Reflector, His Deep Space Object project was completed after 's death by Moritz Loewy Mare Humorum. Moon Zodiacal 24" (60cm) Equatorial Coude Refractor, Meudon, Paris

29 1905 Rho Ophiuchii. Star Field Ophiuchus 1905 Ophiuchus. Constellation Ophiuchus 1910 George Willis Ritchey NGC6960 C34. Supernova Cygnus 60" Reflector, Mount Wilson, California 1910 George Willis Ritchey NGC4565 C38 H V-24. Galaxy. Coma Berenices 60" Reflector; Mount Wilson, California 1910 George Willis Ritchey NGC7814 C43 H II-240. Galaxy. Pegasus 60" Reflector; Mount Wilson, California 1910 George Willis Ritchey Copernicus. Moon Zodiacal 60" Reflector, Mount Wilson, California

30 1910 George Willis Ritchey M101 NGC5457 Galaxy. Ursa Major 60" Reflector; Mount Wilson, California 1910 George Willis Ritchey M20 NGC6514 Nebulae Sagittarius 60" Reflector, Mount Wilson, California 1910 George Willis Ritchey M3 NGC5272 Globular Cluster Canes Venatici 9th April 1910; exposure 3 hours 30 minutes; 60" Reflector, Mount Wilson, California 1910 George Willis Ritchey M33 NGC598 Galaxy. Triangulum. 60" Reflector; Mount Wilson, California 1910 George Willis Ritchey M51 NGC5194 Galaxy. Canes Venatici 60" Reflector, Mount Wilson; 7th and 8th April 1910; exposure of 10 hours 45 minutes George Willis 1915 Ritchey Saturn. Planets Zodiacal 60" Reflector Mount Wilson Observatory M31 NGC224 Galaxy. Andromeda 60" Reflector; Mount Wilson, California

31 1917 George Willis Ritchey M81 NGC3031 Galaxy. Ursa Major 60" Reflector, Mount Wilson, California; 3 hours exposure Edwin Hubble NGC2261 C46. Nebulae Monoceros 200 inch Reflector; Mount Palomar Observatory, California; 26 January 1949

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