THE LAST 25 YEARS OF EXOPLANETS AND THE ESSENTIAL CONTRIBUTIONS OF

Transcription

1 THE LAST 25 YEARS OF EXOPLANETS AND THE ESSENTIAL CONTRIBUTIONS OF Celebrating 25 Years of the OGLE Project July 25, 2017 Warsaw University Scott Gaudi The Ohio State University

2 THE LAST 29 YEARS OF EXOPLANETS AND THE ESSENTIAL CONTRIBUTIONS OF Celebrating 25 Years of the OGLE Project July 25, 2017 Warsaw University Scott Gaudi The Ohio State University

3 THE LAST 29 YEARS OF EXOPLANETS AND THE EXISTENTIAL CONTRIBUTIONS OF Celebrating 25 Years of the OGLE Project July 25, 2017 Warsaw University Scott Gaudi The Ohio State University

4 OGLE IS DIRECTLY RESPONSIBLE FOR, OR HAS HAD A STRONG INVOLVEMENT IN, NEARLY ALL ASPECTS OF MICROLENSING SEARCHES FOR EXOPLANETS. (AND HAS HAD A STRONG IMPACT IN TRANSIT SEARCHES FOR EXOPLANETS, TOO!)

5 THANK YOU!

6 AN (INCOMPLETE AND BIASED) TIMELINE OF EXOPLANET DISCOVERY. 1988: First planet discovered, Gamma Cephei Ab: Campbell et al : Second planet discovered, HD b; Latham et al : First planetary system discovered, PSR b,c; Wolszczan & Frail : First widely acknowledged exoplanet, 51 Pegb; Mayor & Queloz : Not just a fluke: 70 Virginisb; Marcy & Butler : First transiting planet discovered: HD b; Charbonneau et al. 2000, Henry et al : First limits on the frequency of planets around M dwarfs; Gaudi et al : First planet discovered via transits: OGLE-TR-56b; Konacki et al : First planet discovered by microlensing: OGLE-2003-BLG-235b/MOA 2003-BLG-53b; Bond et al : First cold super-earth discovered by microlensing: OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb; Beaulieu et al : First planetary system discovered by microlensing: OGLE-2006-BLG-109b,c; Gaudi et al. 2008, Bennett et al : First directly-imaged planetary system: HR 8799 b,c,d; Marois et al : WFIRST is selected as the primary recommendation of the 2010 Decadal Survey New Worlds New Horizons, with a microlensing exoplanet survey as one of the major components: Blandford et a

7 AN (INCOMPLETE AND BIASED) TIMELINE OF EXOPLANET DISCOVERY. 1988: First planet discovered, Gamma Cephei Ab: Campbell et al : Second planet discovered, HD b; Latham et al : First planetary system discovered, PSR b,c; Wolszczan & Frail : First widely acknowledged exoplanet, 51 Pegb; Mayor & Queloz : Not just a fluke: 70 Virginisb; Marcy & Butler : First transiting planet discovered: HD b; Charbonneau et al. 2000, Henry et al : First limits on the frequency of planets around M dwarfs; Gaudi et al : First planet discovered via transits: OGLE-TR-56b; Konacki et al : First planet discovered by microlensing: OGLE-2003-BLG-235b/MOA 2003-BLG-53b; Bond et al : First cold super-earth discovered by microlensing: OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb; Beaulieu et al : First planetary system discovered by microlensing: OGLE-2006-BLG-109b,c; Gaudi et al. 2008, Bennett et al : First directly-imaged planetary system: HR 8799 b,c,d; Marois et al : WFIRST is selected as the primary recommendation of the 2010 Decadal Survey New Worlds New Horizons, with a microlensing exoplanet survey as one of the major components: Blandford et a

8 -4 to +4 PRE-HISTORY HD b 51 Peg b PSR b,c (Campbell et al. 1988, Latham et al. 1989, Wolszczan & Frail 1992, Mayor & Queloz 1995, Marcy & Bulter 1996 )

9 -6 CRAZY IDEA (see also Chowlson 1924, Einstein 1936, Tikhov 1937, Liebes 1964, Refsdal 1964)

10 +1 CRAZIER PEOPLE (Alcock et al. 1993, Aubourg et al. 1993)

11 +1 WOW! (Alcock et al. 1993)

12 +1 CRAZIER PEOPLE (Udalski et al. 1993)

13 -1,0 MEANWHILE EVEN CRAZIER PEOPLE (Mao & Paczyński 1991, Gould & Loeb 1992)

14 -1,0 MEANWHILE EVEN CRAZIER PEOPLE (Mao & Paczynski 1991, Gould & Loeb 1992)

15 -1,0 MEANWHILE EVEN CRAZIER PEOPLE (Mao & Paczynski 1991, Gould & Loeb 1992)

16 THE FIRST RULE OF MICROLENSING: IF YOU THINK YOU HAVE COME UP WITH A NEW IDEA, FIRST CHECK TO SEE IF SOMEONE ELSE THOUGHT OF IT ALREADY.

17 THE FIRST RULE OF MICROLENSING: IF YOU THINK YOU HAVE COME UP WITH A NEW IDEA, FIRST CHECK TO SEE IF SOMEONE ELSE THOUGHT OF IT ALREADY. (TYPICALLY SOMEONE HAS)

18 THE FIRST RULE OF MICROLENSING: IF YOU THINK YOU HAVE COME UP WITH A NEW IDEA, FIRST CHECK TO SEE IF SOMEONE ELSE THOUGHT OF IT ALREADY. (USUALLY REFSDAL)

19 -28 BUT IN THIS CASE SIDNEY LIEBES, JR. (Liebes 1964)

20 -28 PLANETARY MICROLENSING IN 1964! (Liebes 1964)

21 -28 PLANETARY MICROLENSING IN 1964! (Liebes 1964)

22 1994: A BANNER YEAR FOR OGLE +2

23 +2 FIRST BINARY MICROLENSING EVENT (Udalski et al. 1994)

24 +2 FIRST BINARY MICROLENSING EVENT (Udalski et al. 1994)

25 : MICROLENSING PLANET SEARCHES BEGIN (GMAN, Pratt et al. 1996; PLANET, Albrow et al. 1998; MPS, Rhie et al. 1999)

26 +8 YEARS OF FRUSTRATION (Rhie et al. 2000, Albrow et al. 2000)

27 FIRST LIMITS ON PLANETARY COMPANIONS TO M DWARFS +10 (Gaudi et al. 2002)

28 +4 to +10 CLOSE CALLS (Dominik & Hirshfeld 1994,1996, Bennett et al. 1997, Rhie et al. 2000, Jaroszyński & Paczyński 2002)

29 +11 FINALLY! (OGLE-2003-BLG-235Lb/MOA 2003-BLG-53Lb, Bond et al. 2004)

30 +13 AND NOT LONG AFTER. (OGLE-2005-BLG-071Lb, Udalski et al. 2005)

31 +13 FIRST COLD SUPER-EARTH (OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb, Beaulieu et al. 2006)

32 FIRST PLANETARY SYSTEM DISCOVERED WITH MICROLENSING +14 (OGLE-2006-BLG-109Lb,c, Gaudi et al. 2008, Bennett et al. 2010)

33 +10 to +24 DEMOGRAPHICS OF PLANETS BEYOND THE SNOW LINE (Gaudi et al. 2002, Tsapras et al. 2003, Gould et al. 2006, Sumi et al. 2010, Gould et al. 2010, Cassan et al. 2012, Shvartzvald et al. 2016)

34 THE WATERSHED: THE 2010 DECADAL SURVEY AND WFIRST +18 (Bennett & Rhie 2002, Gould 2009, Bennett et al. 2009, Blandford et al. 2010)

35 CRITICAL ROLE IN SPITZER CAMPAIGNS (OGLE-2014-BLG-0124Lb, Udalski et al. 2015)

36 OGLE S ESSENTIAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE DISCOVERIES OF PLANETARY MICROLENSING EVENTS +25 Exoplanets.eu lists 58 planets discovered by microlensing. OGLE alerted 36 of these (first). Contributed to the majority of the other discoveries. Essential contributions: Provided many of the alerts (along with data) used to place constraints on the frequency of planets beyond the snow line. Alerted the first seven planetary microlensing events. Alerted the first planetary microlensing event with a cold super-earth. Alerted both (published) planetary systems discovered by microlensing. Critical role in the Spitzer campaigns.

37 THANK YOU!

38 OGLE s essential contributions to transits. THAT S NOT ALL

39 -40 to +6 TRANSITING HOT JUPITERS IN 1952! (Struve 1952, Rosenblatt 1971, Borucki & Summers 1984, Sackett 1998)

40 +8 HD B THE FIRST TRANSITING PLANET (Charbonneau et al. 2000, Henry et al. 2000)

41 +10 to +12 OGLE SURVEYS FOR TRANSITING PLANETS: SIX CAMPAIGNS FROM (Udalski et al 2002a,b,c, Udalski et al 2003, Udalski et al 2004)

42 OGLE HAS DISCOVERED 8 TRANSITING PLANETS, INCLUDING THE FIRST PLANET DISCOVERED BY TRANSITS +11 to +17 OGLE-TR-56b (Konacki et al. 2003) OGLE-TR-10b (Konacki et al. 2005) OGLE-TR-111b (Pont et al. 2004) OGLE-TR-113b (Bouchy et al. 2004) OGLE-TR-132b (Konacki et al. 2004) OGLE-TR-182b (Pont et al. 2008) OGLE-TR-211b (Udalski et al. 2008) OGLE2-TR-L9b (Snellen et al. 2009)

43 +13 CONTROVERSY ENSUES: VERY HOT JUPITERS? (Gaudi et al. 2005)

44 FIRST CONSTRAINTS ON THE FREQUENCY OF PLANETS FROM TRANSITS +14 (Gould, Dorsher, Gaudi, Udalski 2006)

45 AND THAT S JUST EXOPLANETS!

46 OGLE S EXISTENTIAL IMPACT ON MY CAREER Roughly half (14) of my 30 most cited papers would not have been possible without OGLE!

47 THANK YOU, OGLE!

48 THANK YOU, OGLE! THANK YOU, ANDRZEJ!