Sun or Moon Rise/Set Table for One Year

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1 1.4l interpret charts and diagrams showing the variation in daylight length during a year 1.4m demonstrate an understanding that there are seasonal variations in the rising and setting of the un Daylight Length throughout a Year The stages to complete a daylight length graph are shown below. Do not get put off by the sequence keep working through in a logical manner. TAGE 1 Before starting the construction of the diagram, you will need to know the latitude and longitude for your location. Use your mobile phone, satnav, type into Google your postcode lat long, or click on the link to the website for atellite ignals below after checking the details for using the website. Using your postcode is best. In the Centre the map around box, type in either your postcode or the name of your city/town plus UK (if UK is missed out and there is another place of the same name elsewhere in the world, you may get the other option) or if your place-name is found elsewhere in the UK, add the county to locate the correct place Latitude and Longitude Finder Website credit : atellite ystems (Make a note of the Latitude and Longitude) TAGE 2 Data for a year can be obtained from the U aval Observatory website using the link below. There are a few things to know before you collect the data. Load up a blank word document and use Page etup to give a landscape page When you have the U avy page that you want, select all and copy Paste the page on to your word document (OTE, it will be too large for the page, so convert all the data to size 8pt font) You may prefer to print the page for ease of use You will arrive at the page:- un or Moon Rise/et Table for One Year U aval Observatory Website credit : U aval Observatory

2 croll down the page until you reach Form B Locations Worldwide. I have included the information for Birmingham UK on the example following:- Form B - Locations Worldwide pecify year, type of table, and place: Top of Form Year: Type of table: Place ame: The place name you enter above is used only in the table header; you can enter any identifier, or none (do not use punctuation characters). Longitude: east west degrees minutes Latitude: north south degrees minutes Time Zone: hours east of Greenwich west of Greenwich Click the Compute Table button The table for the sunrise and sunset times appears neatly larger than the screen size. This can be kept on the screen and data can be taken from it directly, in order to plot the graph. If you want to keep a copy, look at the tage 2 details mentioned earlier. TAGE 3 The plotting of the graph can now be carried out. (Graphs should be drawn by hand, not on the computer). Using the following link, the results for Birmingham, UK can be seen - with the data every three weeks being shown in red. Birmingham, UK - unrise and unset

3 A chart was then produced of the sunrise and sunset times for every 3 weeks through the year:- DATE URIE UET January 1st January 22nd February 12th March 5th March 26th April 16th May 7th May 28th June 18th July 9th July 30th August 20th eptember 10th October 1st October 22nd ovember 12th December 3rd December 24th

4 Graphs for GCE must be hand drawn not produced by the computer from the data. The graph shows the results from above:- Graph showing Daylight Hours for Birmingham through a year DATE Jan 1 Jan 22 Feb 12 Mar 5 Mar 26 Apr 16 May 7 May 28 Jun 18 Jul 9 Jul 30 Aug 20 ep 10 Oct 1 Oct 22 ov 12 Dec 3 Dec 24 URIE DAYLIGHT HOUR UET TIME Changes across the globe can be followed throughout the year by clicking on the link and observing the changes to the location of day and night:- Daylight and ight time across the Planet Website credit : John Walker, Fourmilab Particularly interesting are views on the equinox days and the changes in day and night at the polar regions for the summer and winter solstices.

5 easons PRIG Axis pointing at right angles to the un UMMER orthern hemisphere pointing towards un U WITER orthern hemisphere pointing away from un AUTUM Axis pointing at right angles to the un Picture credits : (un) OHO/EA&AA (Earth) AA/JC-Apollo17 The different angles of light from the un reaching a part of the Earth through a year gives rise to the seasons not the distance the Earth is from the un (the Earth is nearest the un in early January due to its elliptical orbit). In the summer in the northern hemisphere, light passes more directly into the atmosphere. In the winter, the light meets the atmosphere at a more oblique angle and some of the radiant heat energy is reflected away from the planet. As a result, more energy enters the Earth in the northern hemisphere in summer than in winter, therefore making the summers hotter. This can be seen on the following diagrams:-

6 UMMER The axis tilts towards the un and the un is at its highest point above the Tropic of Cancer on 21 st June the un s heat energy passes directly into the atmosphere. The heat energy landing on the surface of the Earth is concentrated in a smaller area. U AT 23.5 WITER The axis tilts away from the un and the un is at its lowest point above the Tropic of Capricorn on 21 st December - the un s heat energy hits the atmosphere at an angle and some heat energy is reflected away. The heat energy landing on the surface of the Earth in the northern hemisphere is spread over a wider area. U AT 23.5 Picture credits : AA/The Visible Earth

7 easonal variations in the rising and setting of the un U ABOVE TROPIC OF CACER (The apparent positions of the un are stated) UMMER U REACHE IT HIGHET POIT AT OO O 21 st JUE 23.5 U ABOVE EQUATOR DIFFERECE I AGLE BETWEE THE UMMER AD WITER OLTICE U ABOVE TROPIC OF CAPRICOR WITER U REACHE IT HIGHET POIT AT OO O 21 st DECEMBER EAT OUTH WET un rises earlier in the summer and later in the winter un sets later in the summer and earlier in the winter The variations causing longer days in the summer, with the un reaching a much higher point in the sky at noon, is related to the positions of the un and the Earth during the Earth s orbit. In the northern hemisphere, the un is at 23.5 above the Tropic of Cancer on 21 st June. ix months later, the Earth is on the opposite side of its orbit and because of the tilt of the axis, the un is at an angle of 47 further south. The un is therefore much lower in the sky in winter. (The timings of the summer and winter solstice, the longest and shortest days, are often on the dates given. However, slight variations can occur so that a difference of a day can be found).

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