Optical Properties of Tissues after Laser Treatments in the Wavelength Range of nm
|
|
- Jeremy Johns
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Optical Properties of Tissues after Laser Treatments in the Wavelength Range of nm Katsunori Ishii, Akinori Kimura, Kunio Awazu Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University (2-1-A14 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, Japan, ) ABSTRACT In laser medicine, the accurate knowledge about the optical properties of target tissue is important for the understanding prediction of propagation and distribution of light in tissues. Light propagations, absorption and scattering, changes by the kinetic changes of optical properties in laser irradiations. This problem is clinically very important for the realization of safe laser treatments because the understandings of optical properties by several laser parameters can realize the preestimated treatment effects. The objective of this study is determination of the optical properties of treated tissues for the safe laser treatments. In this paper, we examined to determine the optical properties changes of a coagulated tissue after the Er:YAG laser irradiations by using double integrating sphere system and inverse adding-doubling method in the wavelength range of nm. After laser irradiations with a variety of irradiation parameters, the absorption coefficient of a treated tissue decreased and the reduced scattering coefficient of a treated tissue increase. In carbonization, observed in 30 sec-300 mj irradiation, the absorption coefficient of a treated tissue re-increased and the reduced scattering coefficient of a treated tissue re-decrease. The changes of optical properties should be accounted for while planning the therapeutic procedure for the realization of safe laser treatments. Keywords: optical property, absorption coefficient, scattering coefficient, double integrating sphere, laser treatment, inverse adding-doubling (IAD), Er:YAG laser 1. INTRODUCTION In laser medicine, the accurate knowledge about the optical properties (scattering coefficient; s, absorption coefficient; a, scattering anisotropy; g) of target tissue is important for the understanding prediction of propagation and distribution of light in tissues. This information is valuable for the optimization of a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic biomedical applications of light. For example, photodynamic therapy employs light to activate a phototoxin that produces tumor destruction. The optimal clinical implementation of this technique depends critically on the distribution of light within the irradiated tissue. Similarly, laser ablation of tissue and laser-induced tissue damage are strongly dependent on the optical properties of the target. Thus it is likely that the optical properties of tissues at near-ultraviolet, visible, nearinfrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) wavelengths will become increasingly important in the future as more biomedical applications of lasers are developed. Recently the optical properties of various normal and pathologic tissues have been determined at single wavelength or over broad wavelength range. However, to our knowledge, there are no experimental studies about alternation of the tissues considered from the aspect of optical properties after many treatments (laser coagulation therapy, photo dynamic therapy, regenerative medicine, etc.) Double integrating sphere system [1-5] with an intervening sample is designed for non-invasive measurement of the optical properties of biological tissues. Using integrating sphere as both a diffuse illumination source and a detector provides a technically simple measurement apparatus. Tissue samples are sandwiched between two glass plates to minimize the usual irregularities in the tissue surface, and approximate the Fresnel reflection. This measurement system can determine the diffuse reflectance, diffuse and collimated transmittances of the samples. From these experimental data, the set of optical properties can be calculated by some programs for optical properties determination. Some studies employ indirect methods to determine optical properties, such as Kubelka-Munk, are limited their accuracy and ability to predict soft tissue behavior. On the other hand, Inverse Monte Carlo methods [3-8] can be used to determine the optical properties separately over broad spectral range, without limitation of their accuracy. It has the ability to compensate the conditions of measurements, sample geometries and sources of experimental error. However, large computing time needed to acquire adequate signal to noise ratio from the Monte Carlo simulations and ensure Biophotonics: Photonic Solutions for Better Health Care, edited by Jürgen Popp, Wolfgang Drexler, Valery V. Tuchin, Dennis L. Matthews, Proc. of SPIE Vol. 6991, 69912F, (2008) /08/$18 doi: / SPIE Digital Library -- Subscriber Archive Copy Proc. of SPIE Vol F-1
2 proper convergence to the correct optical properties. The inverse adding-doubling (IAD) method [9-11] developed by Dr. Scott Prahl et al, one of the most famous programs of calculating optical properties, is sufficiently fast for iterated solutions on current computing and flexible that anisotropic scattering and internal reflection at the boundaries may be included. This combined measurement system is able to determine the set of optical properties with high accuracy at short time. The changes of optical properties by laser treatments are particularly interesting [12,13]. Light propagations, absorption and scattering, changes by the kinetic changes of optical properties in laser irradiations. This problem is clinically very important for the realization of safe laser treatments because the understandings of optical properties by several laser parameters can realize the pre-estimated treatment effects. The objective of this study is determination of the optical properties of treated tissues for the safe laser treatments. In this paper, we examined to determine the optical properties changes of a coagulated tissue after the Er:YAG laser irradiations by using double integrating sphere system and IAD method in the wavelength range of nm. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1 Sample Preparation First, we measured the optical properties of a standard sample, Intralipid, to check the validity of the system used in this study. An aqueous suspension of 20% Intralipid (FB-01IL20, Terumo, Japan) was diluted by 10% to 1.25% with water. These solutions were sealed between two slide glasses with the optical pass of 1 mm. Then, we measured the optical properties of a laser treated tissue. Chicken breast tissue was cut into the thickness of 5 mm using a surgical knife. Cut tissues were placed on a slide glass. After laser irradiations mentioned below, the laser treated tissue was covered with another slide glass to minimize the usual irregularities in the tissue surface. 2.2 Laser Irradiation We used a Er:YAG laser with a wavelength of 2.94 m, a repetition rate of 10 pps (Erwin Adverl, Morita, Japan) [14]. The laser beam was guided through the optical hollow fiber and irradiated without focusing. The irradiation area was 38.5 mm 2. The energy per pulse was within mj and the irradiation time was within 0-30 sec. 2.3 Integrating Sphere Measurements Double integrating sphere system with an intervening sample is designed for non-invasive measurement of the optical properties of biological tissues. This is also a convenient tool since it measure the diffuse reflectance (Rd) and total transmittance (Tt) simultaneously. Using integrating sphere as both a diffuse illumination source and a detector provides a technically simple measurement apparatus. A schematic of the experimental setup was presented in Figure 1. We employed balanced deuterium tungsten halogen source ( nm wavelength range, DH-2000-BAL, Ocean optics) combined with high-powered halogen light Inverse Adding Doubling Calculator Optical Properties ( a, s ) Reflectance Transmittance PC High resolution spectrometer Light source Deuterium + Halogen Sample Fig. 1. Experimental setup of double integrating sphere system Proc. of SPIE Vol F-2
3 source ( nm wavelength range, HL-2000-HP, Ocean Optics). Specimens were placed between two 38.1 mm diameter integrating spheres (FOIS-1, Ocean Optics) which were coated with diffusely reflective material, Spectralon TM. The entrance port size of reflectance sphere was 8 mm in diameter, and sample port of both spheres was 9.5 mm in diameter. The beam-illuminated area was 3 mm in diameter on the sample with glass slides. The incident light was diffusely reflected from sample surface and diffusely or collimated transmit sample. Then the light was multiply scattered in the spheres and recorded by high-resolution spectrometer (HR-4000, Ocean Optics) as Rd and Tt, respectively. From these experimental data, the set of optical properties were calculated by IAD method. 2.4 Inverse Adding-Doubling Method We employed IAD technique to calculate optical properties of samples from measured value of Rd and Tt. IAD is a technique developed by Scott Prahl et al, which uses adding-doubling method to figure out the optical properties of slabs of material from the observed transmission and reflection. This program is sufficiently fast for iterated solutions on current computing and flexible that anisotropic scattering and internal reflection at the boundaries may be included. This combined measurement system is able to determine the set of optical properties with high accuracy at short time. Additionally, up-to-date program was added a Monte Carlo calculation so that light lost out the edges of a sample can be estimated. This function allows to determine optical properties more accurately [9,10]. Fig. 2. The optical properties of the Intralipid solution with the concentration from 1.25 % to 10%. (a) absorption coefficient spectra, (b) reduced scattering spectra Proc. of SPIE Vol F-3
4 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Figure 2(a) showed the absorption coefficient spectra of the Intralipid solution with the concentration from 1.25 % to 10%. Absorption coefficient spectra did not show significant differences in the spectral range examined. Absorption coefficients slightly decreased with increasing the concentrations of Intralipid solution. Figure 2(b) showed the reduced scattering coefficient spectra of the Intralipid solution with the concentration from 1.25 % to 10%. Reduced scattering coefficient spectra generally decreased with increasing wavelength, and reduced scattering coefficients gradually increased with increasing the concentrations of Intralipid solution, consistent with Rayleigh scattering theory and previously published results. Figure 3(a) showed the absorption coefficient spectra of the chicken breast tissues after Er:YAG laser coagulations. Irradiation time was 30 sec. Irradiated energies were 100, 200 and 300 mj. After laser irradiation with 100 mj and 200 mj, the absorption coefficient spectra from 350 nm to 1000 nm slightly decreased. After laser irradiation with 300 mj, the absorption coefficient spectrum from 650 nm to 1000 nm slightly decreased, however the absorption coefficient spectrum from 350 nm to 650 nm gradually increased with decreasing wavelength. Especially the absorption coefficient spectrum from 360 nm to 510 nm increase more than that of non-irradiation. Fig. 3. The optical properties of the chicken breast tissues after Er:YAG laser coagulations. Irradiation time is 30 sec. Irradiated energies are 100, 200 and 300 mj. (a) absorption coefficient spectra, (b) reduced scattering spectra Proc. of SPIE Vol F-4
5 Figure 3(b) showed the reduced scattering coefficient spectra of the chicken breast tissues after Er:YAG laser coagulations. Irradiation time was 30 sec. Irradiated energies were 100, 200 and 300 mj. After laser irradiation with 100 mj and 200 mj, reduced scattering coefficient spectra from 350 nm to 1000 nm gradually increased with increasing irradiation energy. The highest reduced scattering coefficient in 100 mj irradiation was found at 440 nm and the highest reduced scattering coefficient in 200 mj irradiation was found at 450 nm. After laser irradiation with 300 mj, reduced scattering coefficient spectra from 450 nm to 1000 nm increased and the reduced scattering coefficient values were lower than that of the laser irradiation with 200 mj. The highest reduced scattering coefficient in 300 mj irradiation was found at 470 nm. After laser irradiation with 300 mj, carbonization was observed on the surface of coagulated tissue. Reincreasing of absorption coefficient spectrum and re-reducing of reduced scattering coefficient spectrum observed in 300 mj irradiation were estimated by the influence on carbonization. Figure 4(a) showed the absorption coefficient spectra of the chicken breast tissues after Er:YAG laser coagulations. Irradiation time was 5, 15 and 30 sec. Irradiated energy was 200 mj. After laser irradiation with 5 sec, the absorption coefficient spectrum from 350 nm to 1000 nm did not change without the absorption coefficient peak derived from Hb Fig. 4. The optical properties of the chicken breast tissues after Er:YAG laser coagulations. Irradiation time is 5, 15 and 30 sec. Irradiated energy is 200 mj. (a) absorption coefficient spectra, (b) reduced scattering spectra. Proc. of SPIE Vol F-5
6 observed at 435 nm. The absorption coefficient peak from 435 nm to 450 nm slightly decreased after the laser irradiation with 5 sec. After laser irradiation with 15 sec and 30 sec, the absorption coefficient spectra from 350 nm to 1000 nm decreased. Figure 4(b) showed the reduced scattering coefficient spectra of the chicken breast tissues after Er:YAG laser coagulations. Irradiation time is 5, 15 and 30 sec. Irradiated energy was 200 mj. After laser irradiation with 5 sec, the reduced scattering coefficient spectrum from 350 nm to 1000 nm did not change. After laser irradiations with 15 sec and 30 sec, the reduced scattering coefficient spectra from 440 nm to 1000 nm increased with irradiation time. Decreasing points in the reduced scattering coefficients spectra were found at 440 nm, respectively. Some laser coagulation treatments have conducted in ophthalmology, dentistry or tumor therapy and so on. The disadvantage of all in situ coagulation techniques are excessive coagulation caused by visual controlling. This is due to the lack of suitable real-time monitoring techniques which can detect the morphological conditions immediately. Thus, it is necessary to have precise knowledge about light distribution and the resulting thermal coagulation volumes. These factors are consequently influenced by the irradiation parameters of irradiated laser and the optical properties of laser treated tissues. The optical properties obtained in vitro using the combination of double integrating sphere measurements and IAD technique are clearly useful for in vivo applications. The optical properties of the tissues treated by Er:YAG laser changed dramatically after coagulation. This is an important factor, which should be carefully considered in laser treatment planning because these changes can significantly influence the resulting laser distribution in a tissue, and consequently the outcome of therapeutic procedure. During the coagulation process, the absorption coefficient of a treated tissue decreased and the reduced scattering coefficient of a treated tissue increase. This agrees with the reports from previous studies of other tissues. Thus, laser coagulation leads to the changes of light penetration depth. It has been reported that coagulation leads to reduce an optical penetration depth due to an increase of scattering and a decrease of absorption [13]. The changes in the light penetration depth should be accounted for while planning the therapeutic procedure for the realization of safe laser treatments. 4. CONCLUSION We examined to determine the optical properties changes of coagulated tissues after the Er:YAG laser irradiations by using double integrating sphere system and IAD method in the wavelength range of nm. After laser irradiations with a variety of irradiation parameters, the absorption coefficient of a treated tissue decreased and the reduced scattering coefficient of a treated tissue increased. In carbonization, observed in 30sec-300 mj irradiation, the absorption coefficient of a treated tissue re-increased and the reduced scattering coefficient of a treated tissue re-decrease. The optical properties obtained in vitro using the combination of double integrating sphere measurements and IAD technique are useful for in-vivo applications. REFERENCES [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] Pickering, J. W., Prahl, S. A., Wieringen, N. v., Beek, J. F., Sterenborg, H. J. C. M., Gemert, M. J. C. v., Doubleintegrating-sphere system for measuring the optical properties of tissue, Appl. Opt. 32(4), (1993). Vries, G. d., Beek, J. F., Lucassen, G. W., Gemert, M. J. C. v., The effect of light losses in double integrating spheres on optical properties estimation, IEEE J. Select. Top. Quantum Electron. 5(4), (1993). Roggan, A., Friebel, M., Dorschel, K., Hahn, A., Muller, G., Optical properties of circulating human blood in the wavelength range nm, J. Biomed. Opt. 4(1), (1999). Troy, T. L., Thennadil, S. N., Optical properties of human skin in the near infrared wavelength range of 1000 to 2200 nm, J. Biomed. Opt. 6(2), (2001). Wei, H.-J., Xing, D., Wu, G.-Y., Gu, H.-M., Lu, J.-J., Jin, Y., Li, X.-Y., Differences in optical properties between healthy and pathological human colon tissues using a Ti:sapphire laser: an in vitro study using the Monte Carlo inversion technique, J. Biomed. Opt 10(4), ;1-8 (2005). Proc. of SPIE Vol F-6
7 [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] Meinke, M., Muller, G., Helfmann, J., Friebel, M., Optical properties of platelets and blood plasma and their influence on the optical behavior of whole blood in the visible to near infrared wavelength range, J. Biomed. Opt. 12(1), ;1-9 (2007). Friebel, M., Roggan, A., Muller, G., Meinke, M., Determination of optical properties of human blood in the spectral range nm using Monte Carlo simulations with hematocrit-dependent effective scattering phase functions, J. Biomed. Opt. 11(3), ;1-10 (2006). Salomatina, E., Jiang, B., Novak, J., Yaroslavsky, A. N., Optical properties of normal and cancerous human skin in the visible and near-infrared spectral range, J. Biomed. Opt. 11(6), ;1-9 (2006). Prahl, S. A., Gemert, M. J. C. v., Welch, A. J., Determining the optical properties of turbid media by using the adding-doubling method, Appl. Opt. 32(4), (1993). Prahl, S. A., The Oregon Medical Laser Center at Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Gebhart, S. C., Lin, W. C., Mahadevan-Jansen, A., In vitro determination of normal and neoplastic human brain tissue optical properties using inverse adding-doubling, Phys. Med. Biol. 51, (2006). Ritz, J.-P., Roggan, A., Isbert, C., Muller, G., Buhr, H. J., Germer, C.-T., Optical properties of native and coagulated porcine liver tissue between 400 and 2400 nm, Lasers Surg. Med. 29, (2001). Yaroslavsky, A. N., Schulze, P. C., Yaroslavsky, I. V., Schober, R., Ulrich, F., Schwarzmaier, H.-J., Optical properties of selected native and coagulated human brain tissues in vitro in the visible and near infrared spectral range, Phys. Med. Biol. 47, (2002). J. MORITA MFG. CORP., or Proc. of SPIE Vol F-7
Measurement of an Optical Parameters: Absorption Scattering and Auto-florescence of Skin in vitro
International Journal of Cancer Research, 1 (1): 10-15, 2005 ISSN 1811-9727 2005 Asian Network for Scientific Information Measurement of an Optical Parameters: Absorption Scattering and Auto-florescence
More informationAlternative measurement configurations for extracting bulk optical properties using an integrating sphere set-up
Alternative measurement configurations for extracting bulk optical properties using an integrating sphere set-up Suresh N. Thennadil 1* and Yi-chieh Chen 2 1 School of Engineering and Information Technology,
More informationULTRAFAST LASER PULSE TRAIN RADIATION TRANSFER IN A SCATTERING-ABSORBING 3D MEDIUM WITH AN INHOMOGENEITY
Heat Transfer Research 46(9), 861 879 (2015) ULTRAFAST LASER PULSE TRAIN RADIATION TRANSFER IN A SCATTERING-ABSORBING 3D MEDIUM WITH AN INHOMOGENEITY Masato Akamatsu 1,* & Zhixiong Guo 2 1 Graduate School
More information808 nm. Optical Transport Characteristics of Human Tissues in Vitro at 808 nm Linearly Polarized Laser Irradiation
3 3 2004 3 CHIN ESE J OURNAL OF LASERS Vol. 3 No. 3 March 2004 : 025827025 (2004) 0320305205 808 nm 3 2 ( 5063 ; 2 50089) 808 nm Kubelka2Munk 808 nm ( P < 00) 808 nm 808nm ( P > 005) 808 nm 808 nm ( P
More informationOptical Properties of Mucous Membrane in the Spectral Range nm
Optics and Spectroscopy, Vol. 97, No. 6, 24, pp. 978 983. Translated from Optika i Spektroskopiya, Vol. 97, No. 6, 24, pp. 143 148. Original Russian Text Copyright 24 by Bashkatov, Genina, Kochubey, Tuchin,
More informationOptical absorption and scattering of bovine cornea, lens, and retina in the near-infrared region
DOI 1.17/s113-11-927-9 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Optical absorption and scattering of bovine cornea, lens, and retina in the near-infrared region Brian G. Yust & Lawrence C. Mimun & Dhiraj K. Sardar Received: 12
More informationOptical properties of human skin, subcutaneous and mucous tissues in the wavelength range from 400 to 2000 nm
INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS PUBLISHING JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D: APPLIED PHYSICS J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 38 (2005) 2543 2555 doi:10.1088/0022-3727/38/15/004 Optical properties of human skin, subcutaneous and mucous
More informationEstimation of Optical Properties of Normal and Diseased Tissue based on Diffuse Reflectance Spectral Model
Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 21 Vol I WCE 21, June 3 - July 2, 21, London, U.K. Estimation of Optical Properties of Normal and Diseased Tissue based on Diffuse Reflectance Spectral
More informationAngular distribution of diffuse reflectance in biological tissue
Angular distribution of diffuse reflectance in biological tissue Jinjun Xia and Gang Yao* Department of Biological Engineering, University of Missouri Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA *Corresponding
More informationUniversity of Cyprus. Reflectance and Diffuse Spectroscopy
University of Cyprus Biomedical Imaging and Applied Optics Reflectance and Diffuse Spectroscopy Spectroscopy What is it? from the Greek: spectro = color + scope = look at or observe = measuring/recording
More informationIntroduction to Biomedical Engineering
Introduction to Biomedical Engineering Biomedical optics II Kung-Bin Sung 1 Outline Chapter 17: Biomedical optics and lasers Fundamentals of light Light-matter interaction Optical imaging Optical sensing:
More informationOptical and spectroscopic properties of human whole blood
DOI 10.1007/s10103-013-1268-7 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Optical and spectroscopic properties of human whole blood and plasma with and without Y 2 O 3 and Nd 3+ :Y 2 O 3 nanoparticles Frederick J. Barrera & Brian
More informationOptical properties of a laser dye in a solid-state polymeric host
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS VOLUME 91, NUMBER 12 15 JUNE 2002 Optical properties of a laser dye in a solid-state polymeric host Dhiraj K. Sardar and Felipe S. Salinas Department of Physics and Astronomy,
More informationQuantitative in vivo measurements of blood oxygen saturation using multiwavelength photoacoustic imaging
Quantitative in vivo measurements of blood oxygen saturation using multiwavelength photoacoustic imaging J. Laufer, E. Zhang, P. Beard Department of Medical Physics & Bioengineering, University College
More information1931-3b. Preparatory School to the Winter College on Micro and Nano Photonics for Life Sciences. 4-8 February 2008
1931-3b Preparatory School to the Winter College on Micro and Nano Photonics for 4-8 February 2008 Fundamentals of laser-tissue interaction Imrana ASHRAF ZAHID Quaid-I-Azam University Pakistan Fundamentals
More informationBIOSPECKLE SIZE AND CONTRAST MEASUREMENT APPLICATION IN PARTICLE SIZING AND CONCENTRATION ASSESSMENT
BIOPHYSICS BIOSPECKLE SIZE AND CONTRAST MEASUREMENT APPLICATION IN PARTICLE SIZING AND CONCENTRATION ASSESSMENT D. CHICEA Lucian Blaga University, Faculty of Science, Dr. I. Ratiu Street, No. 5 7, 550024,
More informationDiscrete-ordinates solution of short-pulsed laser transport in two-dimensional turbid media
Discrete-ordinates solution of short-pulsed laser transport in two-dimensional turbid media Zhixiong Guo and Sunil Kumar The discrete-ordinates method is formulated to solve transient radiative transfer
More informationMultiple-source optical diffusion approximation for a multilayer scattering medium
Multiple-source optical diffusion approximation for a multilayer scattering medium Joseph. Hollmann 1 and ihong V. Wang 1,2, * 1 Optical Imaging aboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M
More informationTheoretical Analysis of Thermal Damage in Biological Tissues Caused by Laser Irradiation
Copyright c 007 Tech Science Press MCB, vol.4, no., pp.7-39, 007 Theoretical Analysis of Thermal Damage in Biological Tissues Caused by Laser Irradiation Jianhua Zhou,J.K.Chen and Yuwen Zhang Abstract:
More informationTwo Methods for Modelling the Propagation of Terahertz Radiation in a Layered Structure
Journal of Biological Physics 29: 141 148, 2003. 2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. 141 Two Methods for Modelling the Propagation of Terahertz Radiation in a Layered Structure
More informationBehavior and Energy States of Photogenerated Charge Carriers
S1 Behavior and Energy States of Photogenerated Charge Carriers on Pt- or CoOx-loaded LaTiO2N Photocatalysts: Time-resolved Visible to mid-ir Absorption Study Akira Yamakata, 1,2* Masayuki Kawaguchi, 1
More informationThis watermark does not appear in the registered version - Laser- Tissue Interaction
S S d Laser- Tissue Interaction Types of radiation ionizing radiation Non - ionizing radiation You may click on any of the types of radiation for more detail about its particular type of interaction
More informationDevelopment of Polarization Interferometer Based on Fourier Transform Spectroscopy for Thomson Scattering Diagnostics
16th International Toki Conference Advanced Imaging and Plasma Diagnostics Ceratopia Toki, Gifu, JAPAN December 5-8, 2006 Development of Polarization Interferometer Based on Fourier Transform Spectroscopy
More informationLichtausbreitung in streuenden Medien: Prinzip und Anwendungsbeispiele
Lichtausbreitung in streuenden Medien: Prinzip und Anwendungsbeispiele Alwin Kienle 06.12.2013 Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Meßtechnik an der Universität Ulm Overview 1) Theory of
More informationVisualization of Xe and Sn Atoms Generated from Laser-Produced Plasma for EUV Light Source
3rd International EUVL Symposium NOVEMBER 1-4, 2004 Miyazaki, Japan Visualization of Xe and Sn Atoms Generated from Laser-Produced Plasma for EUV Light Source H. Tanaka, A. Matsumoto, K. Akinaga, A. Takahashi
More informationDam, JS; Yavari, Nazila; Ristinmaa Sörensen, Stacey; Andersson-Engels, Stefan
Real-time absorption and scattering characterization of slab-shaped turbid samples obtained by a combination of angular and spatially resolved measurements Dam, JS; Yavari, Nazila; Ristinmaa Sörensen,
More informationMultimodal multiplex Raman spectroscopy optimized for in vivo chemometrics
Multimodal multiplex Raman spectroscopy optimized for in vivo chemometrics S. T. McCain, M. E. Gehm, Y. Wang, N. P. Pitsianis, and D. J. Brady Duke University Fitzpatrick Center for Photonics and Communication
More informationDetermining how uncertainties in optical properties affect light dose calculations
Determining how uncertainties in optical properties affect light dose calculations Julia Sandell 1, Jarod Finlay, Timothy Zhu 1 Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania Radiation Oncology, Hospital
More informationDiffuse Optical Spectroscopy: Analysis of BiophotonicsSignals Short Course in Computational Biophotonics Albert Cerussi Day 4/Lecture #2
Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy: Analysis of BiophotonicsSignals 2013 Short Course in Computational Biophotonics Albert Cerussi Day 4/Lecture #2 Disclosures No financial conflicts to disclose Learning Objectives
More informationOptical properties of ocular tissues in the near infrared region
Lasers Med Sci (2007) 22: 46 52 DOI 10.1007/s10103-006-0421-y ORIGINAL ARTICLE Dhiraj K. Sardar. Guang-Yin Swanland. Raylon M. Yow. Robert J. Thomas. Andrew T. C. Tsin Optical properties of ocular tissues
More informationEffects of femtosecond laser radiation on the skin
Journal of Physics: Conference Series PAPER OPEN ACCESS Effects of femtosecond laser radiation on the skin To cite this article: P Yu Rogov and V G Bespalov 2016 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 735 012032 View the
More informationMeasurement of the optical absorption coefficient of a liquid by use of a time-resolved photoacoustic technique
Measurement of the optical absorption coefficient of a liquid by use of a time-resolved photoacoustic technique Yaochun Shen, Zuhong Lu, Stephen Spiers, Hugh A. MacKenzie, Helen S. Ashton, John Hannigan,
More informationVAST CAPABILITIES AND LIMITATIONS OF IN VIVO IR SPECTROSCOPY. Chu Nguyen Kien
VAST CAPABILITIES AND LIMITATIONS OF IN VIVO IR SPECTROSCOPY Chu Nguyen Kien OUTLINE Introduction Background Instruments Case study Current Applications Conclusion INTRODUCTION In Vivo (Latin within the
More informationESTIMATION OF 90 SCATTERING COEFFICIENT IN THE SHIELDING CALCULATION OF DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY EQUIPMENT
Proceedings of the Eleventh EGS4 Users' Meeting in Japan, KEK Proceedings 2003-15, p.107-113 ESTIMATION OF 90 SCATTERING COEFFICIENT IN THE SHIELDING CALCULATION OF DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY EQUIPMENT K. Noto and
More informationEffect of Addition Au Nanoparticles on Emission Spectra of Laser Dye
International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 973-462 Volume 2, Number 24 (27) pp. 4833-484 Effect of Addition Au Nanoparticles on Emission Spectra of Laser Dye Sara Ali Razzak, Lazem Hassan
More informationAmbiguity of optical coherence tomography measurements due to rough surface scattering
Ambiguity of optical coherence tomography measurements due to rough surface scattering Y. Ashtamker, 1 V Freilikher, 1,* and J C Dainty 2 1 Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900,
More informationABSTRACT 1INTRODUCTION. Keywords blood; optical properties; extracorporal circulation; absorption; scattering; phase function.
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 4(1), 36 46 (JANUARY 1999) OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF CIRCULATING HUMAN BLOOD IN THE WAVELENGTH RANGE 400 2500 NM André Roggan, Moritz Friebel, Klaus Dörschel, Andreas Hahn,* and
More informationImproved solutions of the steady-state and the time-resolved diffusion equations for reflectance from a semi-infinite turbid medium
246 J. Opt. Soc. Am. A/Vol. 14, No. 1/January 1997 A. Kienle and M. S. Patterson Improved solutions of the steady-state and the time-resolved diffusion equations for reflectance from a semi-infinite turbid
More informationUvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Measurement of particle flux in a static matrix with suppressed influence of optical properties, using low coherence interferometry Varghese, B.; Rajan, V.; van Leeuwen,
More informationIn vivo local determination of tissue optical properties: applications to human brain
In vivo local determination of tissue optical properties: applications to human brain Frédéric Bevilacqua, Dominique Piguet, Pierre Marquet, Jeffrey D. Gross, Bruce J. Tromberg, and Christian Depeursinge
More informationElectrically switchable organo inorganic hybrid for a white-light laser source
Supporting Information Electrically switchable organo inorganic hybrid for a white-light laser source Jui-Chieh Huang 1,, Yu-Cheng Hsiao 2,, Yu-Ting Lin 2, Chia-Rong Lee 3 & Wei Lee 2,* 1 Institute of
More informationWe have seen how the Brems and Characteristic interactions work when electrons are accelerated by kilovolts and the electrons impact on the target
We have seen how the Brems and Characteristic interactions work when electrons are accelerated by kilovolts and the electrons impact on the target focal spot. This discussion will center over how x-ray
More informationPARAMETER ESTIMATION FOR A BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM : MODEL AND EXPERIMENTATIONS
PARAMETER ESTIMATION FOR A BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM : MODEL AND EXPERIMENTATIONS C. Lormel (*), L. Autrique (*), J.J. Serra (*), B. Claudet (**) (*) DGA-GHF, 10 rue des fours solaires- BP 6, 66125 Font-Romeu
More informationSupplementary Information
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Nanoscale. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Supplementary Information Large-scale lithography-free metasurface with spectrally tunable super
More information1 Introduction. Moritz Friebel Laser- und Medizin- Technologie GmbH, Berlin Fabeckstr Berlin, Germany
Journal of Biomedical Optics 113, 034021 May/June 2006 Determination of optical properties of human blood in the spectral range 250 to 1100 nm using Monte Carlo simulations with hematocrit-dependent effective
More informationChemistry Instrumental Analysis Lecture 15. Chem 4631
Chemistry 4631 Instrumental Analysis Lecture 15 IR Instruments Types of Instrumentation Dispersive Spectrophotometers (gratings) Fourier transform spectrometers (interferometer) Single beam Double beam
More informationLIGHT-TISSUE INTERACTION MODEL: A TOOL FOR CONSUMER HEALTH DEVICE DEVELOPMENT INDUSTRIAL, CONSUMER, ENERGY
LIGHT-TISSUE INTERACTION MODEL: A TOOL FOR CONSUMER HEALTH DEVICE DEVELOPMENT INDUSTRIAL, CONSUMER, ENERGY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A light-tissue interaction model can be a highly valuable tool for consumer
More informationInternational Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 3, March-2014 ISSN
316 Effective atomic number of composite materials by Compton scattering - nondestructive evaluation method Kiran K U a, Ravindraswami K b, Eshwarappa K M a and Somashekarappa H M c* a Government Science
More informationSolar irradiance measurement up to 2500nm with the Arcoptix FT-NIR
Application note Solar irradiance measurement up to 2500nm with the Arcoptix FT-NIR Introduction Applications that use spectrometers to measure the light energy of radiant sources require an irradiance-calibration,
More informationChanges in spectral shape of tissue optical properties in conjunction with laser-induced thermotherapy
Changes in spectral shape of tissue optical properties in conjunction with laser-induced thermotherapy Annika M. K. Nilsson, Christian Sturesson, David L. Liu, and Stefan Andersson-Engels We measured the
More informationLASER-INDUCED thermotherapy (LITT) has been routinely
238 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, VOL. 57, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 2010 Simulation of Laser-Induced Thermotherapy Using a Dual-Reciprocity Boundary Element Model With Dynamic Tissue Properties Jianhua
More informationInvestigation of the noise-like structures of the total scattering cross-section of random media
Investigation of the noise-like structures of the total scattering cross-section of random media Snow H. Tseng, Allen Taflove, Duncan Maitland, Vadim Backman, and Joseph T. Walsh, Jr. Department of Electrical
More informationMelanin and blood concentration in a human skin model studied by multiple regression analysis: assessment by Monte Carlo simulation
INSTITUTE OF PHYSICSPUBLISHING Phys. Med. Biol. 46 (21) 2397 246 PHYSICS INMEDICINE AND BIOLOGY PII: S31-9155(1)24347-4 Melanin and blood concentration in a human skin model studied by multiple regression
More informationCitation for published version (APA): Bremmer, R. H. (2011). Non-contact spectroscopic age determination of bloodstains
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Non-contact spectroscopic age determination of bloodstains Bremmer, R.H. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Bremmer, R. H. (2011). Non-contact
More informationApplications of Terahertz Radiation (T-ray) Yao-Chang Lee, National Synchrotron Research Radiation Center
Applications of Terahertz Radiation (T-ray) Yao-Chang Lee, yclee@nsrrc.org.tw National Synchrotron Research Radiation Center Outline Terahertz radiation (THz) or T-ray The Interaction between T-ray and
More informationFlow measurement without phase information in optical coherence tomography images
Flow measurement without phase information in optical coherence tomography images Jennifer K. Barton Division of Biomedical Engineering and Optical Sciences Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
More informationNon-Invasive Blood Flow Measurements Using Ultrasound Modulated Diffused Light
Non-Invasive Blood Flow Measurements Using Ultrasound Modulated Diffused Light N. Racheli a, A. Ron a, Y. Metzger a, I. Breskin a, G. Enden b, M. Balberg a, R. Shechter a1 a Ornim Medical Ltd, Israel b
More informationEmissivity, Reflectivity and Transmissivity of Semitransparent Fibre Reinforced Plastic Composites
Thermographie-Kolloquium 2017 More info about this article: http://www.ndt.net/?id=22484 Emissivity, Reflectivity and Transmissivity of Semitransparent Fibre Reinforced Plastic Composites Albert ADIBEKYAN
More informationReview Article Mathematical Methods in Biomedical Optics
ISRN Biomedical Engineering Volume 2013, Article ID 464293, 8 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/464293 Review Article Mathematical Methods in Biomedical Optics Macaveiu Gabriela Academic Center of Optical
More informationNon-invasive determination of muscle blood flow in the extremities from laser Doppler spectra
INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS PUBLISHING PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY Phys. Med. Biol. 46 (2001) 1231 1244 www.iop.org/journals/pb PII: S0031-9155(01)17609-8 Non-invasive determination of muscle blood flow in
More informationLaser-Accelerated protons for radiation therapy
Laser-Accelerated protons for radiation therapy E Fourkal, I Velchev,, J Fan, J Li, T Lin, C Ma Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA Motivation Proton beams provide better conformity to the treatment
More informationSTUDY OF OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF SKIN TISSUES FROM ULTRA-VIOLET TO SHORT-WAVE INFRARED. A Dissertation. Presented to
STUDY OF OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF SKIN TISSUES FROM ULTRA-VIOLET TO SHORT-WAVE INFRARED A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Department of Physics East Carolina University In Partial Fulfillment
More informationDetermination of the scattering coefficient and the anisotropy factor from laser Doppler spectra of liquids including blood
Determination of the scattering coefficient and the anisotropy factor from laser Doppler spectra of liquids including blood Alwin Kienle, Michael S. Patterson, Lutz Ott, and Rudolf Steiner Laser Doppler
More informationIR Spectrography - Absorption. Raman Spectrography - Scattering. n 0 n M - Raman n 0 - Rayleigh
RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY Scattering Mid-IR and NIR require absorption of radiation from a ground level to an excited state, requires matching of radiation from source with difference in energy states. Raman
More informationInternational Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 8, Issue 2, February-2017 ISSN
ISSN 2229-5518 916 Laser Damage Effect Studies with Hollow Metallic Targets Satyender Kumar, S Jain, K C Sati, S Goyal, R Malhotra, R Rajan, N R Das & A K Srivastava Laser Science & Technology Centre Metcalfe
More informationBayesian approach to image reconstruction in photoacoustic tomography
Bayesian approach to image reconstruction in photoacoustic tomography Jenni Tick a, Aki Pulkkinen a, and Tanja Tarvainen a,b a Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 167,
More informationScattering properties of the retina and the choroids determined from OCT-A-scans
International Ophthalmology 23: 291 295, 2001. J.R. Sampaolesi (ed.), Laser Scanning: Update 1, 109 113. 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. 291 Scattering properties of the retina
More informationTwo-Dimensional simulation of thermal blooming effects in ring pattern laser beam propagating into absorbing CO2 gas
Two-Dimensional simulation of thermal blooming effects in ring pattern laser beam propagating into absorbing CO gas M. H. Mahdieh 1, and B. Lotfi Department of Physics, Iran University of Science and Technology,
More informationUV Spectroscopy Determination of Aqueous Lead and Copper Ions in Water
UV Spectroscopy Determination of Aqueous Lead and Copper Ions in Water C. H. Tan a, Y. C. Moo a, M. Z. Matjafri a and H. S. Lim a a School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 118 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
More informationHYPER-RAYLEIGH SCATTERING AND SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN SCATTERING STUDIES OF PLATINUM NANOPARTICLE SUSPENSIONS
www.arpapress.com/volumes/vol19issue1/ijrras_19_1_06.pdf HYPER-RAYLEIGH SCATTERING AND SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN SCATTERING STUDIES OF PLATINUM NANOPARTICLE SUSPENSIONS M. Eslamifar Physics Department, BehbahanKhatamAl-Anbia
More informationWhat happens when light falls on a material? Transmission Reflection Absorption Luminescence. Elastic Scattering Inelastic Scattering
Raman Spectroscopy What happens when light falls on a material? Transmission Reflection Absorption Luminescence Elastic Scattering Inelastic Scattering Raman, Fluorescence and IR Scattering Absorption
More informationAssessment of Threshold for Nonlinear Effects in Ibsen Transmission Gratings
Assessment of Threshold for Nonlinear Effects in Ibsen Transmission Gratings Temple University 13th & Norris Street Philadelphia, PA 19122 T: 1-215-204-1052 contact: johanan@temple.edu http://www.temple.edu/capr/
More informationPoS(PD07)031. General performance of the IceCube detector and the calibration results
General performance of the IceCube detector and the calibration results Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chiba university E-mail: mina@hepburn.s.chiba-u.ac.jp IceCube is a huge neutrino telescope
More informationTowards quantitative tissue absorption imaging by combining photoacoustics and acousto optics
Towards quantitative tissue absorption imaging by combining photoacoustics and acousto optics K. Daoudi, and W. Steenbergen * Biomedical Photonic Imaging group, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology
More informationWidely tunable photonic bandgap and lasing emission in enantiomorphic cholesteric liquid crystal templates
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry C. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Widely tunable photonic bandgap and lasing emission in enantiomorphic cholesteric
More informationUV Degradation of Polycarbonate
Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU Senior Theses and Projects Materials Physics 5-2017 UV Degradation of Polycarbonate Katie Gamaunt Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/mp_seniorthesesprojects
More informationSpectroscopy in Transmission
Spectroscopy in Transmission + Reflectance UV/VIS - NIR Absorption spectra of solids and liquids can be measured with the desktop spectrograph Lambda 9. Extinctions up to in a wavelength range from UV
More informationDetermination of complex refractive index of polystyrene microspheres from 370 to 1610 nm
INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS PUBLISHING Phys. Med. Biol. 48 (2003) 4165 4172 PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY PII: S0031-9155(03)67941-8 Determination of complex refractive index of polystyrene microspheres from
More informationUse of a High-Resolution Overview Spectrometer for the Visible Range in the TEXTOR Boundary Plasma
Use of a High-Resolution Overview Spectrometer for the Visible Range in the TEXTOR Boundary Plasma Sebastijan BREZINSEK, Albrecht POSPIESZCZYK, Gennadij SERGIENKO, Philippe MERTENS and Ulrich SAMM Institut
More informationStray Light Rejection in Array Spectrometers
Stray Light Rejection in Array Spectrometers Mike Shaw, Optical Technologies & Scientific Computing Team, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, UK 1 Overview Basic optical design of an array
More informationLet us consider a typical Michelson interferometer, where a broadband source is used for illumination (Fig. 1a).
7.1. Low-Coherence Interferometry (LCI) Let us consider a typical Michelson interferometer, where a broadband source is used for illumination (Fig. 1a). The light is split by the beam splitter (BS) and
More informationA New Hyperspectral Spherical-Cavity Absorption Meter
A New Hyperspectral Spherical-Cavity Absorption Meter David R. Dana and Robert A. Maffione HOBI Labs, Inc. Adapted from the poster presentation at Ocean Sciences 2006, Honolulu, Hawaii INTRODUCTION How
More informationChange in Ultrasonic Backscattered Energy for Temperature Imaging: Factors Affecting Temperature Accuracy and Spatial Resolution in 3D
Change in Ultrasonic Backscattered Energy for Temperature Imaging: Factors Affecting Temperature Accuracy and Spatial Resolution in 3D R. Martin Arthur 1, Jason W. Trobaugh 1, William L. Straube 2, Yuzheng
More informationarxiv: v1 [physics.bio-ph] 11 Sep 2015
arxiv:1509.04625v1 [physics.bio-ph] 11 Sep 2015 IR-Laser Welding and Ablation of Biotissue Stained with Metal Nanoparticles A. A. Lalayan, S. S. Israelyan Centre of Strong Fields Physics, Yerevan State
More informationSecond Harmonic Diagnostics for Real-Time Monitoring of Biological Macromolecules Structural Changes
Armenian Journal of Physics, 16, vol. 9, issue 2, pp. 183-187 Second Harmonic Diagnostics for Real-Time Monitoring of Biological Macromolecules Structural Changes A.A. Lalayan Yerevan State University,
More informationOptical Properties Measurements of Rat Muscle and Myocardium at 980 and 1860 nm Using Single Integrating Sphere Technique
University of Miami Scholarly Repository Open Access Theses Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2014-07-21 Optical Properties Measurements of Rat Muscle and Myocardium at 980 and 1860 nm Using Single Integrating
More informationEquivalent isotropic scattering formulation for transient
Equivalent isotropic scattering formulation for transient short-pulse radiative transfer in anisotropic scattering planar media Zhixiong Guo and Sunil Kumar An isotropic scaling formulation is evaluated
More informationChapter 2. Interaction with Soft Tissue
Chapter 2 Interaction with Soft Tissue Ultrasound interacts with human soft tissue in several predictable ways that allow engineers to design instruments that provide diagnostic information that forms
More informationSWOrRD. For direct detection of specific materials in a complex environment
SWOrRD For direct detection of specific materials in a complex environment SWOrRD Swept Wavelength Optical resonant Raman Detector RAMAN EFFECT Raman scattering or the Raman effect ( /rɑːmən/) is the inelastic
More informationLaser-produced extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light source plasma for the next generation lithography application
Laser-produced extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light source plasma for the next generation lithography application EUV light source plasma Tin icrodroplet Main pulse (CO2 laser pulse) Pre-pulse (Nd:YAG laser
More informationNew Developments in Raman Spectroscopic Analysis
New Developments in Raman Spectroscopic Analysis Mike Kayat B&W Tek, Inc 19 Shea Way Newark, DE 19713 United States of America +1 302 368 7824 mikek@bwtek.com 1 Overview Raman spectroscopy is now an established
More informationSTOCHASTIC & DETERMINISTIC SOLVERS
STOCHASTIC & DETERMINISTIC SOLVERS Outline Spatial Scales of Optical Technologies & Mathematical Models Prototype RTE Problems 1-D Transport in Slab Geometry: Exact Solution Stochastic Models: Monte Carlo
More informationCharacterisation of vibrational modes of adsorbed species
17.7.5 Characterisation of vibrational modes of adsorbed species Infrared spectroscopy (IR) See Ch.10. Infrared vibrational spectra originate in transitions between discrete vibrational energy levels of
More informationMonte Carlo Simulation concerning Particle Therapy
Monte Carlo Simulation concerning Particle Therapy Masaaki Takashina Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan INTRODUCTION It is well known that the particle therapy has some
More informationLight propagation in structural anisotropic media in the steady-state and time domains
Light propagation in structural anisotropic media in the steady-state and time domains Alwin Kienle, Florian Foschum, Ansgar Hohmann Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Meßtechnik, Helmholtzstraße
More informationOptical and THz investigations of mid-ir materials exposed
Optical and THz investigations of mid-ir materials exposed to alpha particle irradiation Dan Sporea 1*, Laura Mihai 1, Adelina Sporea 1, Ion Vâţã 2 1 National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation
More informationDynamics of laser induced thermoelastic expansion of native and coagulated ex-vivo soft tissue samples and their optical and thermomechanical
Dynamics of laser induced thermoelastic expansion of native and coagulated ex-vivo soft tissue samples and their optical and thermomechanical properties Behrouz Soroushian* a, William M. Whelan b, Michael
More informationEffective testing for wafer reject minimization by terahertz analysis and sub-surface imaging
Effective testing for wafer reject minimization by terahertz analysis and sub-surface imaging Anis Rahman and Aunik K. Rahman Applied Research & Photonics 470 Friendship Road, Suite 10 Harrisburg, PA 17111,
More informationImaging through random media using low-coherence optical heterodyning
Imaging through random media using low-coherence optical heterodyning A. Schmidt, R. Corey, and P. Saulnier Department of Physics, Gustavus Adolphus College Saint Peter, MN 56082 ABSTRACT Optical heterodyning
More informationSound Touch Elastography
White Paper Sound Touch Elastography A New Solution for Ultrasound Elastography Sound Touch Elastography A New Solution for Ultrasound Elastography Shuangshuang Li Introduction In recent years there has
More information