Astronomy 104: Stellar Astronomy
|
|
- Clinton Rodgers
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Astronomy 104: Stellar Astronomy Lecture 14: Thermal Spectra to the Stars Spring Semester 2013 Dr. Matt Craig 1 1
2 Next Time Read Chapter 10 Focus on How we know the distance, brightness, luminosity, temperature, and composition of stars. 2 2
3 Blurring the (Spectral) Lines For Dense Material the different atoms are close enough that the electron potential energy levels get randomly changed Spectral lines blend into a CONTINUOUS aka THERMAL spectrum. 3 3
4 Behavior of the Thermal Spectrum [in Real Life ] Imagine an electric range. What happens to the color and energy output of the range as it gets hotter? Color: Lower temperature: gives off infrared (you feel this)... Higher temperature: gets dull red, then red, then orange if you heat it more. Energy Output: Low temperature: gives off very little energy. Higher temperature: gives off much more energy! 4 4
5 Temperature, Size and Luminosity Do the Lecture Tutorial Luminosity, temperature and size, PART I ONLY, pages Remember: Work in groups of 2-4 Each person should commit to an answer in writing before moving to the next question. 5 5
6 Key Behaviors of the Thermal Spectrum [in English with Sketch] As temperature increases 1.The wavelength at which most energy is given off shifts to shorter wavelengths. 2.Energy emitted goes up at all wavelengths. 6 6
7 Goals How does light interact with matter, both macroscopically and microscopically... [MOSTLY DONE] What exactly happens when an atom (really an electron) absorbs/emits light? [MOSTLY DONE] What happens inside dense material that is different and results in a continuous spectrum? [MOSTLY DONE] What are the properties of the continuous (aka thermal) spectrum? [MOSTLY DONE] 7 7
8 Key Point about Emission/Absorption Spectra Emission Spectra let you identify the elements the light was created in. Also tells you the electrons in those elements were energized to start with (likely hot). Absorption Spectra let you identify the elements the light passed through. Also tells you the electrons were not that energized to start with (likely cold). 8 8
9 Key Behaviors of the Thermal Spectrum [in English with Sketch] As temperature increases 1.The wavelength at which most energy is given off shifts to shorter wavelengths. 2.Energy emitted goes up at all wavelengths. 9 9
10 Clicker Question The graph shows the blackbody (a.k.a. thermal) spectra for three different stars. Which of the stars is at the highest temperature? (a)star A (b)star B (c)star C 10 10
11 Lecture Tutorial Another expression for a Thermal Spectrum is Blackbody Spectrum. Do Part II of "Blackbody Radiation" tutorial (starts on p. 42)
12 Clicker Question Use the graph to determine which of the following best describes how Star A would appear as compared with Star B? (a)star A would appear more red than Star B. (b)both stars would appear more red than blue. (c)both stars would appear more blue than red. (d)star A would appear more blue than Star B. (e)none of the above
13 Clicker Question Use the graph to determine which of the following relationships is possible to infer about stars A and C based on the information provided in the graph at right. (a)star A is smaller than Star C. (b)star A is larger than Star C. (c)the stars are the same size. (d)all of the above are possible. (e)it is not possible to infer any of these relationships
14 Key Point about Thermal Spectra Thermal Spectra let you determine the temperature of the object giving off the light. Also tells you the material you are looking at is sufficiently dense for the electron orbitals of adjacent atoms to interfere with each other
15 The Properties of Stars, Part 1 a.k.a. Stamp Collecting becomes Science 15 15
16 Properties of stars Things we would like to know about other stars: How luminous? Need distance to get this! What temperature? Color or a detailed spectrum gives this. How massive? Can only directly measure this for binary stars. How large (in size)? Can get from temperature and luminosity
17 Clicker Question Which star is larger? (a) A (b) B (c) Same size (d) Can t be determined 17 17
18 Organizing Stellar Info Are any stellar properties related to each other? How do we organize the data to show any patterns? One useful approach: Temperature versus Luminosity diagram Also called: Color-magnitude diagram Hertzsprung-Russel (H-R) diagram 18 18
19 Hertzsprung-Russell Diagramof all stars within 250 light years Luminosity DIM LUMINOUS HOT Temperature Color COOL Image adapted from:
20 Clicker Question For the stars labelled A or B, which star is largest? (a) A (b)b (c) Can t Tell Luminosity DIM LUMINOUS B C HOT Temperature Color A D COOL Image adapted from:
21 Clicker Question For the stars labelled B or D, which star is largest? (a) D (b) B (c) Can t Tell Luminosity DIM LUMINOUS B C HOT D Temperature Color A D COOL Image adapted from:
22 Clicker Question For the stars labelled B or C, which star is largest? (a) Can t Tell (b) B (c) C Luminosity DIM LUMINOUS B C HOT D Temperature Color A D COOL Image adapted from:
23 HR Diagram and Star Size Luminosity DIM LUMINOUS HOT Supergiants Main Sequence ("Most Stars") White Dwarfs Temperature Color Giants Larger Stars COOL Image adapted from: 23
24 H-R Diagram Diagram represents snapshot of stars at many different ages Used as basis for understanding evolution of stars Most stars (90%) lie along diagonal band called the main sequence 24
25 H-R Diagram: A Snapshot of Stellar Properties Luminosity DIM LUMINOUS 90% of stars along Main Sequence HOT Temperature Color COOL Image adapted from:
26 Clicker Question Most stars lie along the main sequence because (a) Stars spend most of their lifetime on the main sequence (b) Stars are brightest on the main sequence, and so easier to see (c) Stars can only exist on the main sequence 26 26
27 H-R Diagram Interpretation We suspect that most stars lie along the main sequence because stars spend most of their lifetime on the main sequence. The same way a photograph of a random crowd in New York City will show mostly adults because we spend most of our lives as adults. Photo Used Under Creative Commons, Photo by Divya Thakur 27 27
28 Next Time Read Chapter 10 Focus on How we know the distance, brightness, luminosity, temperature, and composition of stars
Astronomy 104: Stellar Astronomy
Astronomy 104: Stellar Astronomy Lecture something: Interactions of Light and Matter Spring Semester 2013 Dr. Matt Craig 1 1 Next Time Read Chapter 2 (focus on Sections 2 through 4) More about types of
More informationLecture 26 The Hertzsprung- Russell Diagram January 13b, 2014
1 Lecture 26 The Hertzsprung- Russell Diagram January 13b, 2014 2 Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram Hertzsprung and Russell found a correlation between luminosity and spectral type (temperature) 10000 Hot, bright
More informationLecture Outlines. Chapter 17. Astronomy Today 8th Edition Chaisson/McMillan Pearson Education, Inc.
Lecture Outlines Chapter 17 Astronomy Today 8th Edition Chaisson/McMillan Chapter 17 Measuring the Stars Units of Chapter 17 17.1 The Solar Neighborhood 17.2 Luminosity and Apparent Brightness 17.3 Stellar
More informationThe Hertzprung-Russell Diagram. The Hertzprung-Russell Diagram. Question
Key Concepts: Lecture 21: Measuring the properties of stars (cont.) The Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) Diagram (L versus T) The Hertzprung-Russell Diagram The Stefan-Boltzmann Law: flux emitted by a black body
More informationStars: some basic characteristics
Stars: some basic characteristics Stars! How bright are they? How massive are they? What are the different types? How long do they live? How hot are they? Stellar brightness and luminosity The apparent
More informationAstronomy 10 Test #2 Practice Version
Given (a.k.a. `First ) Name(s): Family (a.k.a. `Last ) name: ON YOUR PARSCORE: `Bubble your name, your student I.D. number, and your multiple-choice answers. I will keep the Parscore forms. ON THIS TEST
More informationPhotographs of a Star Cluster. Spectra of a Star Cluster. What can we learn directly by analyzing the spectrum of a star? 4/1/09
Photographs of a Star Cluster Spectra of a Star Cluster What can we learn directly by analyzing the spectrum of a star? A star s chemical composition dips in the spectral curve of lines in the absorption
More informationSpectra of a Star Cluster. Photographs of a Star Cluster. What can we learn directly by analyzing the spectrum of a star? 4/1/09
Photographs of a Star Cluster Spectra of a Star Cluster What can we learn directly by analyzing the spectrum of a star? A star s chemical composition dips in the spectral curve of lines in the absorption
More informationDaily Science 04/04/2017
Daily Science 04/04/2017 Which statement best describes the difference between type A stars and type B stars as shown in the diagram? a. Type A stars burn for a shorter amount of time than type B stars.
More informationMasses are much harder than distance, luminosity, or temperature. Binary Stars to the Rescue!! AST 101 Introduction to Astronomy: Stars & Galaxies
Last Two Classes Measuring the Stars AST 101 Introduction to Astronomy: Stars & Galaxies 1. Measuring distances 2. Measuring stellar luminosities 3. Measuring temperatures Next 4. Measuring masses Masses
More informationLecture 10: The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram Reading: Sections
Lecture 10: The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram Reading: Sections 19.7-19.8 Key Ideas The Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) Diagram Plot of Luminosity vs. Temperature for stars Features: Main Sequence Giant & Supergiant
More informationChapter 15 Surveying the Stars Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 15 Surveying the Stars 15.1 Properties of Stars Our goals for learning: How do we measure stellar luminosities? How do we measure stellar temperatures? How do we measure stellar masses? 1. How
More informationEVOLUTION OF STARS HERTZSPRUNG-RUSSELL DIAGRAM
VISUAL PHYSICS ONLINE EVOLUTION OF STARS HERTZSPRUNG-RUSSELL DIAGRAM The total power radiated by a star is called its intrinsic luminosity L (luminosity). The apparent brightness (apparent luminosity)
More informationLines of Hydrogen. Most prominent lines in many astronomical objects: Balmer lines of hydrogen
The Family of Stars Lines of Hydrogen Most prominent lines in many astronomical objects: Balmer lines of hydrogen The Balmer Thermometer Balmer line strength is sensitive to temperature: Most hydrogen
More informationStars, Galaxies & the Universe Announcements. Stars, Galaxies & the Universe Observing Highlights. Stars, Galaxies & the Universe Lecture Outline
Stars, Galaxies & the Universe Announcements Lab Observing Trip Next week: Tues (9/28) & Thurs (9/30) let me know ASAP if you have an official conflict (class, work) - website: http://astro.physics.uiowa.edu/~clang/sgu_fall10/observing_trip.html
More informationBook page cgrahamphysics.com Stellar Spectra
Book page 650-652 Stellar Spectra Emission and absorption Spectra The black lines of the absorption spectrum match up with the bright lines of the emission spectrum Spectra unique to each element Emission
More informationMagnitudes. How Powerful Are the Stars? Luminosities of Different Stars
How Powerful Are the Stars? Some stars are more powerful than others Power is energy output per. (Example: 00 Watts = 00 joules per second) Astronomers measure the power, or brightness of stars in ways:
More informationAstronomy 1 Fall 2016
Astronomy 1 Fall 2016 Announcement: Tonight s observing session with Stephanie Ho has been CANCELLED. She has rescheduled it for 8-9pm on Thursday Nov. 3 rd. Hopefully the clouds will part by then. Lecture
More informationChapter 15: Surveying the Stars
Chapter 15 Lecture Chapter 15: Surveying the Stars Surveying the Stars 15.1 Properties of Stars Our goals for learning: How do we measure stellar luminosities? How do we measure stellar temperatures? How
More informationTemperature, Blackbodies & Basic Spectral Characteristics.
Temperature, Blackbodies & Basic Spectral Characteristics. Things that have one primary temperature but also exhibit a range of temperatures are known in physics as blackbodies. They radiate energy thermally.
More informationThe Distance Modulus. Absolute Magnitude. Chapter 9. Family of the Stars
Foundations of Astronomy 13e Seeds Phys1403 Introductory Astronomy Instructor: Dr. Goderya Chapter 9 Family of the Stars Cengage Learning 016 Topics for Today s Class 1. Recap: Intrinsic Brightness a)
More informationReview Questions for the new topics that will be on the Final Exam
Review Questions for the new topics that will be on the Final Exam Be sure to review the lecture-tutorials and the material we covered on the first three exams. How does speed differ from velocity? Give
More informationASTR 1120 General Astronomy: Stars & Galaxies
ASTR 1120 General Astronomy: Stars & Galaxies HOMEWORK #3 due NEXT TUE, 09/29, by 5pm Fiske planetarium: The Birth of Stars by Prof. John Bally - TH 09/24-FRI 09/25, 7:30pm Astronomer s s Toolbox: What
More informationProperties of Stars & H-R Diagram
Properties of Stars & H-R Diagram What is a star? A cloud of gas, mainly hydrogen and helium The core is so hot/dense that nuclear fusion can occur. The fusion converts light nuclei (elements) into heavier
More informationASTR Look over Chapter 15. Good things to Know. Triangulation
ASTR 1020 Look over Chapter 15 Good things to Know Triangulation Parallax Parsecs Absolute Visual Magnitude Distance Modulus Luminosity Balmer Lines Spectral Classes Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagram Main
More informationA star is at a distance of 1.3 parsecs, what is its parallax?
Stars Spectral lines from stars Binaries and the masses of stars Classifying stars: HR diagram Luminosity, radius, and temperature Vogt-Russell theorem Main sequence Evolution on the HR diagram A star
More informationThe Cosmic Perspective. Surveying the Properties of Stars. Surveying the Stars. How do we measure stellar luminosities?
Surveying the Stars Chapter 15 Lecture The Cosmic Perspective 15.1 Properties of Stars Our goals for learning: How do we measure stellar luminosities? How do we measure stellar temperatures? How do we
More informationChapter 15 Surveying the Stars
Chapter 15 Surveying the Stars 15.1 Properties of Stars Our goals for learning How do we measure stellar luminosities? How do we measure stellar temperatures? How do we measure stellar masses? How do we
More informationChapter 8: The Family of Stars
Chapter 8: The Family of Stars We already know how to determine a star s surface temperature chemical composition motion Next, we will learn how we can determine its distance luminosity radius mass Measuring
More informationExam #2 Review Sheet. Part #1 Clicker Questions
Exam #2 Review Sheet Part #1 Clicker Questions 1) The energy of a photon emitted by thermonuclear processes in the core of the Sun takes thousands or even millions of years to emerge from the surface because
More informationa. Star A c. The two stars are the same distance b. Star B d. Not enough information
Name: Astro 102 S17 Test 1 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Your test is Version A. Please fill in the circle for A for this question on
More informationAssignments for Monday Oct. 22. Read Ch Do Online Exercise 10 ("H-R Diagram" tutorial)
Assignments for Monday Oct. 22 Read Ch. 13 + Do Online Exercise 10 ("H-R Diagram" tutorial) Luminosity passing through each sphere is the same. Area of sphere: 4π(radius) 2 Divide luminosity by area to
More informationAstronomy 210 Spring 2017: Quiz 5 Question Packet 1. can: 2. An electron moving between energy levels
Permitted energy levels Astronomy 210 Spring 2017: Quiz 5 Question Packet 1 1. An electron in energy level 1 2 can: (A) only emit a photon. (B) only absorb a photon. (C) either emit, or absorb a photon.
More informationBased on the reduction of the intensity of the light from a star with distance. It drops off with the inverse square of the distance.
6/28 Based on the reduction of the intensity of the light from a star with distance. It drops off with the inverse square of the distance. Intensity is power per unit area of electromagnetic radiation.
More informationAstro 301/ Fall 2006 (50405) Introduction to Astronomy
Astro 301/ Fall 2006 (50405) Introduction to Astronomy http://www.as.utexas.edu/~sj/a301-fa06 Instructor: Professor Shardha Jogee TAs: Biqing For, Candace Gray, Irina Marinova Lecture 14 Th Oct 19 Kirchhoff
More informationMass-Luminosity and Stellar Lifetimes WS
Name Mass-Luminosity and Stellar Lifetimes WS The graph shows the Mass-Luminosity Relationship for main sequence stars. Use it to answer questions 1-3. 1) A star with a mass of 0.5 solar masses would be
More informationPr P ope p rti t es s of o f St S a t rs
Properties of Stars Distances Parallax ( Triangulation ): - observe object from two separate points - use orbit of the Earth (1 AU) - measure angular shift of object - angle depends on distance to object
More informationChapter 9: Measuring the Stars
Chapter 9: Measuring the Stars About 10 11 (100,000,000,000) stars in a galaxy; also about 10 11 galaxies in the universe Stars have various major characteristics, the majority of which fall into several
More informationA1101, Lab 8: Distances and Ages of Star Clusters Lab Worksheet
Student Name: Lab Partner Name: Lab TA Name: Background A1101, Lab 8: Distances and Ages of Star Clusters Lab Worksheet Here are a few important things to remember about stellar evolution and star clusters
More informationQuestion: How do we use a Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram to explain star characteristics?
The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram Assignment Introduction: The development of the H-R Diagram began with Danish astronomer Ejnar Hertzsprung who began plotting the stars around 1911. American astronomer
More informationLecture 12. Measurements in Astronomy. Using Light. ASTR 111 Section 002. In astronomy, we need to make remote and indirect measurements
Lecture 12 ASTR 111 Section 002 Measurements in Astronomy In astronomy, we need to make remote and indirect measurements Think of an example of a remote and indirect measurement from everyday life Using
More informationReading and Announcements. Read Chapters 8.3, 11.5, 12.1 Quiz #5, Thursday, March 21 Homework #5 due Tuesday, March 19
Reading and Announcements Read Chapters 8.3, 11.5, 12.1 Quiz #5, Thursday, March 21 Homework #5 due Tuesday, March 19 Measurements of Star Properties Apparent brightness Direct measurement Parallax Distance
More informationOPEN CLUSTER PRELAB The first place to look for answers is in the lab script!
NAME: 1. Define using complete sentences: Globular Cluster: OPEN CLUSTER PRELAB The first place to look for answers is in the lab script! Open Cluster: Main Sequence: Turnoff point: Answer the following
More informationHertzprung-Russel and colormagnitude. ASTR320 Wednesday January 31, 2018
Hertzprung-Russel and colormagnitude diagrams ASTR320 Wednesday January 31, 2018 H-R diagram vs. Color- Magnitude Diagram (CMD) H-R diagram: Plot of Luminosity vs. Temperature CMD: Plot of magnitude vs.
More informationAstr 323: Extragalactic Astronomy and Cosmology. Spring Quarter 2012, University of Washington, Željko Ivezić. Lecture 1:
Astr 323: Extragalactic Astronomy and Cosmology Spring Quarter 2012, University of Washington, Željko Ivezić Lecture 1: Review of Stellar Astrophysics 1 Understanding Galaxy Properties and Cosmology The
More informationAST 105 Intro Astronomy The Solar System. MIDTERM II: Tuesday, April 5 [covering Lectures 10 through 16]
AST 105 Intro Astronomy The Solar System MIDTERM II: Tuesday, April 5 [covering Lectures 10 through 16] REVIEW Light as Information Bearer We can separate light into its different wavelengths (spectrum).
More information! p. 1. Observations. 1.1 Parameters
1 Observations 11 Parameters - Distance d : measured by triangulation (parallax method), or the amount that the star has dimmed (if it s the same type of star as the Sun ) - Brightness or flux f : energy
More informationStars: Intro & Classification
Stars: Intro & Classification Astronomy 1 Elementary Astronomy LA Mission College Spring F2015 Quotes & Cartoon of the Day The wonder is, not that the field of stars of so vast, but that man has measured
More informationAstronomy 113. Dr. Joseph E. Pesce, Ph.D. Dr. Joseph E. Pesce, Ph.D.
Astronomy 113 Dr. Joseph E. Pesce, Ph.D. The Nature of Stars 8-2 Parallax For nearby stars - measure distances with parallax July 1 AU d p A A A January ³ d = 1/p (arcsec) [pc] ³ 1pc when p=1arcsec; 1pc=206,265AU=3
More informationChapter 15 Surveying the Stars Properties of Stars
Chapter 15 Surveying the Stars 15.1 Properties of Stars Our goals for learning: How do we measure stellar luminosities? How do we measure stellar temperatures? How do we measure stellar masses? Luminosity:
More informationChapter 8: The Family of Stars
Chapter 8: The Family of Stars Motivation We already know how to determine a star s surface temperature chemical composition surface density In this chapter, we will learn how we can determine its distance
More informationCOLOR MAGNITUDE DIAGRAMS
COLOR MAGNITUDE DIAGRAMS What will you learn in this Lab? This lab will introduce you to Color-Magnitude, or Hertzsprung-Russell, Diagrams: one of the most useful diagnostic tools developed in 20 th century
More informationPH104 Lab 5 Stellar Classification Pre-Lab
Name: Lab Time: 1 PH104 Lab 5 Stellar Classification Pre-Lab 5.1 Goals This is a series of labs designed to help is in understanding the nature and lives of stars. There are 3 total labs in this sequence.
More informationHOMEWORK - Chapter 17 The Stars
Astronomy 20 HOMEWORK - Chapter 7 The Stars Use a calculator whenever necessary. For full credit, always show your work and explain how you got your answer in full, complete sentences on a separate sheet
More informationAstronomy 110 Homework #07 Assigned: 03/06/2007 Due: 03/13/2007. Name: (Answer Key)
Astronomy 110 Homework #07 Assigned: 03/06/2007 Due: 03/13/2007 Name: (Answer Key) Directions: Listed below are twenty (20) multiple-choice questions based on the material covered by the lectures thus
More informationAnnouncements. Lecture 11 Properties of Stars. App Bright = L / 4!d 2
Announcements Quiz#3 today at the end of 60min lecture. Homework#3 will be handed out on Thursday. Due October 14 (next Thursday) Review of Mid-term exam will be handed out next Tuesday. Mid-term exam
More informationRemember from Stefan-Boltzmann that 4 2 4
Lecture 17 Review Most stars lie on the Main sequence of an H&R diagram including the Sun, Sirius, Procyon, Spica, and Proxima Centauri. This figure is a plot of logl versus logt. The main sequence is
More informationCASE STUDY FOR USE WITH SECTION B
GCE A level 325/0-A PHYSICS PH5 Assessment Unit CASE STUDY FOR USE WITH SECTION B Pre-Release Material To be opened on receipt A new copy of this Case Study will be given out in the examination 325 0A00
More informationTAKE A LOOK 2. Identify This star is in the last stage of its life cycle. What is that stage?
CHAPTER 15 2 SECTION Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe The Life Cycle of Stars BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: How do stars change over time?
More informationThe colors correspond to wavelength of the light, with longer wavelengths for the red light and shorter for
Classifying Stellar Spectra Printable form Stellar spectra tell us the temperatures and the luminosities of the stars. In this exercise, you will be looking at the data that lead people to classify stars
More informationHow do we know the distance to these stars? The Ping Pong Ball Challenge -Devise a method for determining the height of the ping pong ball above the floor. -You are restricted to the floor. -You can only
More informationCharacterizing Stars
Characterizing Stars 1 Guiding Questions 1. How far away are the stars? 2. What evidence do astronomers have that the Sun is a typical star? 3. What is meant by a first-magnitude or second magnitude star?
More informationAstronomy 1143 Quiz 2 Review
Astronomy 1143 Quiz 2 Review Prof. Pradhan October 1, 2018 Light 1. What is light? Light is electromagnetic energy It is both a particle (photon) and a wave 2. How is light created and what can light interact
More informationCharacterizing Stars. Guiding Questions. Parallax. Careful measurements of the parallaxes of stars reveal their distances
Guiding Questions Characterizing Stars 1. How far away are the stars? 2. What evidence do astronomers have that the Sun is a typical star? 3. What is meant by a first-magnitude or second magnitude star?
More informationFamily of stars. Fred Sarazin Physics Department, Colorado School of Mines. PHGN324: Family of stars
Family of stars Reminder: the stellar magnitude scale In the 1900 s, the magnitude scale was defined as follows: a difference of 5 in magnitude corresponds to a change of a factor 100 in brightness. Dm
More informationGuiding Questions. Measuring Stars
Measuring Stars Guiding Questions 1. How far away are the stars? 2. What is meant by a first-magnitude or second magnitude star? 3. Why are some stars red and others blue? 4. What are the stars made of?
More informationThe Life Histories of Stars I. Birth and Violent Lives
The Life Histories of Stars I Birth and Violent Lives Stellar evolution--first problem for new discipline of astrophysics What is a star? What is it made of? How does it produce and release energy? How
More information15.1 Properties of Stars
Surveying the Stars 15.1 Properties of Stars Our goals for learning: How do we measure stellar luminosities? How do we measure stellar temperatures? How do we measure stellar masses? How do we measure
More informationUnit 2 Lesson 2 Stars. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Florida Benchmarks SC.8.N.1.6 Understand that scientific investigations involve the collection of relevant empirical evidence, the use of logical reasoning, and the application of imagination in devising
More informationAST 301 Introduction to Astronomy
AST 301 Introduction to Astronomy John Lacy RLM 16.332 471-1469 lacy@astro.as.utexas.edu Myoungwon Jeon RLM 16.216 471-0445 myjeon@astro.as.utexas.edu Bohua Li RLM 16.212 471-8443 bohuali@astro.as.utexas.edu
More informationAstronomy-part 3 notes Properties of Stars
Astronomy-part 3 notes Properties of Stars What are Stars? Hot balls of that shine because nuclear fusion (hydrogen to helium) is happening at their cores. They create their own. Have different which allow
More informationTypes of Stars and the HR diagram
Types of Stars and the HR diagram Full window version (looks a little nicer). Click button to get back to small framed version with content indexes. This material (and images) is copyrighted! See
More informationStars: basic observations
Stars: basic observations Basic properties of stars we would like to know in order to compare theory against observations: Stellar mass M Stellar radius R Surface temperature - effective temperature T
More informationHertzsprung-Russell Diagram
Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram Objectives: To learn what a Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram is, what its major regions represent, and how to construct such a diagram. To study the evolution of star clusters. Equipment:
More informationMeasuring the Stars. The measurement of distances The family of distance-measurement techniques used by astronomers to chart the universe is called
Measuring the Stars How to measure: Distance Stellar motion Luminosity Temperature Size Evolutionary stage (H-R diagram) Cosmic distances Mass The measurement of distances The family of distance-measurement
More informationChapter 10 Measuring the Stars
Chapter 10 Measuring the Stars Some of the topics included in this chapter Stellar parallax Distance to the stars Stellar motion Luminosity and apparent brightness of stars The magnitude scale Stellar
More informationTeacher of the Week DEVIL PHYSICS THE BADDEST CLASS ON CAMPUS IB PHYSICS
Teacher of the Week DEVIL PHYSICS THE BADDEST CLASS ON CAMPUS IB PHYSICS TSOKOS LESSON E-2 STELLAR RADIATION IB Assessment Statements Topic E-2, Stellar Radiation and Stellar Types Energy Source E.2.1.
More informationParallax: Measuring the distance to Stars
Measuring the Stars Parallax: Measuring the distance to Stars Use Earth s orbit as baseline Parallactic angle = 1/2 angular shift Distance from the Sun required for a star to have a parallactic angle of
More informationThe physics of stars. A star begins simply as a roughly spherical ball of (mostly) hydrogen gas, responding only to gravity and it s own pressure.
Lecture 4 Stars The physics of stars A star begins simply as a roughly spherical ball of (mostly) hydrogen gas, responding only to gravity and it s own pressure. X-ray ultraviolet infrared radio To understand
More informationThe Distances and Ages of Star Clusters
Name: Partner(s): Lab #7 The Distances and Ages of Star Clusters 0.1 Due July 14th Very few stars are born isolated. Instead, most stars form in small groups, known as clusters. The stars in a cluster
More informationChapter 15 Surveying the Stars. Properties of Stars. Parallax and Distance. Distances Luminosities Temperatures Radii Masses
hapter 15 Surveying the Stars Properties of Stars istances Luminosities s Radii Masses istance Use radar in Solar System, but stars are so far we use parallax: apparent shift of a nearby object against
More informationThe Family of Stars. Chapter 13. Triangulation. Trigonometric Parallax. Calculating Distance Using Parallax. Calculating Distance Using Parallax
The Family of Stars Chapter 13 Measuring the Properties of Stars 1 Those tiny glints of light in the night sky are in reality huge, dazzling balls of gas, many of which are vastly larger and brighter than
More informationTest #2 results. Grades posted in UNM Learn. Along with current grade in the class
Test #2 results Grades posted in UNM Learn D C B A Along with current grade in the class F Clicker Question: If the Earth had no Moon then what would happen to the tides? A: The tides would not be as strong
More informationMy God, it s full of stars! AST 248
My God, it s full of stars! AST 248 N * The number of stars in the Galaxy N = N * f s f p n h f l f i f c L/T The Galaxy M31, the Andromeda Galaxy 2 million light years from Earth The Shape of the Galaxy
More informationChapter 11 Surveying the Stars
Chapter 11 Surveying the Stars Luminosity Luminosity: Rate of energy emitted by star every second. Apparent brightness (flux): Amount of energy passing through every second per unit area. Luninosity =
More informationGaia Launched in Dec D map of the stars near Sun = 10% of Galaxy Measure the positions of a billion stars to brightness V=20 Precise to
Gaia Launched in Dec 2013 3D map of the stars near Sun = 10% of Galaxy Measure the positions of a billion stars to brightness V=20 Precise to 0.000024 arcseconds = hair at 1000km Accurate distance, position,
More informationThe Hertzsprung Russell Diagram. The Main Sequence
The Hertzsprung Russell Diagram H R diagram plots stellar luminosity against surface temperature Luminosity ranges 10-4 10 4 L. Temperature ranges by a factor of 10 increases to the left spectral sequence
More informationHomework 2 AST 301, Sections and 46850, Spring NAME Student EID Score: on last page. Due Tuesday, March 1, 2016
Homework 2 AST 301, Sections 46845 and 46850, Spring 2016 NAME Student EID Score: on last page Due Tuesday, March 1, 2016 Questions A C should help you to understand the properties of light. Show your
More informationMeasuring Radial & Tangential Velocity. Radial velocity measurement. Tangential velocity measurement. Measure the star s Doppler shift
17. The Nature of the Stars Parallax reveals stellar distance Stellar distance reveals luminosity Luminosity reveals total energy production The stellar magnitude scale Surface temperature determines stellar
More informationDeducing Temperatures and Luminosities of Stars (and other objects ) Electromagnetic Fields. Sinusoidal Fields
Deducing Temperatures and Luminosities of Stars (and other objects ) Review: Electromagnetic Radiation Gamma Rays X Rays Ultraviolet (UV) Visible Light Infrared (IR) Increasing energy Microwaves Radio
More informationOrganizing the Family of Stars:
Organizing the Family of Stars: We know: Stars have different temperatures, different luminosities, and different sizes. To bring some order into that zoo of different types of stars: organize them in
More informationASTR-1020: Astronomy II Course Lecture Notes Section III
ASTR-1020: Astronomy II Course Lecture Notes Section III Dr. Donald G. Luttermoser East Tennessee State University Edition 4.0 Abstract These class notes are designed for use of the instructor and students
More informationAstronomy II (ASTR-1020) Homework 2
Astronomy II (ASTR-1020) Homework 2 Due: 10 February 2009 The answers of this multiple choice homework are to be indicated on a Scantron sheet (either Form # 822 N-E or Ref # ABF-882) which you are to
More informationGet ready for quiz # 5! Get out a ½ sheet and Calculator
Get ready for quiz # 5! Get out a ½ sheet and Calculator The above image shows the solar eclipse earlier this month as covered and uncovered by several different solar observatories. The innermost image
More informationAST 301, Lecture 2. James Lattimer. Department of Physics & Astronomy 449 ESS Bldg. Stony Brook University. January 29, 2019
AST 301, Lecture 2 James Lattimer Department of Physics & Astronomy 449 ESS Bldg. Stony Brook University January 29, 2019 Cosmic Catastrophes (AKA Collisions) james.lattimer@stonybrook.edu Properties of
More informationAstron 104 Laboratory #8 The H-R Diagram
Name: Date: Section: Astron 104 Laboratory #8 The H-R Diagram Section 10.1, 10.5 Introduction The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, or H-R diagram for short, relates two fundamental properties of stars and
More informationToday. Homework Due. Stars. Properties (Recap) Nuclear Reactions. proton-proton chain. CNO cycle. Stellar Lifetimes
Today Stars Properties (Recap) Nuclear Reactions proton-proton chain CNO cycle Stellar Lifetimes Homework Due Stellar Properties Luminosity Surface Temperature Size Mass Composition Stellar Properties
More informationStuff to do 10/4/18. Topics for Today. ASTR 1040: Stars & Galaxies
ASTR 1040: Stars & Galaxies Etched Hourglass Nebula Prof. Juri Toomre TAs: Ryan Horton.Loren Matilsky Lecture 12 Thur 4 Oct 2018 zeus.colorado.edu/astr1040-toomre Stuff to do Paper shuffle: Homework #5
More informationLab 8: Stellar Classification and the H-R Diagram
Name: Section: Date: Lab 8: Stellar Classification and the H-R Diagram 1 Introduction Stellar Classification As early as the beginning of the 19th century, scientists have studied absorption spectra in
More informationDiscussion Review Test #2. Units 12-19: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
Discussion Review Test #2 Units 12-19: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) Galileo used his observations of the changing phases of Venus to demonstrate that a. the sun moves around the Earth b. the universe
More information