L 31 Light and Optics [1] Galileo s result. Galileo and the speed of light. The speed of light inside matter. Measurement of the speed of light

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "L 31 Light and Optics [1] Galileo s result. Galileo and the speed of light. The speed of light inside matter. Measurement of the speed of light"

Transcription

1 L 31 Light and Optics [1] Measurements of the speed of light: 186,000 miles per second (1 foot per nanosecond) light propagating through matter transparent vs. opaque materials colors, why is an orange orange? The bending of light refraction dispersion - what makes the pretty colors? total internal reflection- why do diamonds sparkle? how are rainbows formed Atmospheric scattering blue sky red sunsets Measurement of the speed of light Speed of light in vacuum = c = 300,000,000 m/s = 186,000 miles/s the moon is 239,000 miles from the earth, so it takes 239,000 mi/186,000 mi/s =1.3 s for light from the moon to get to the earth 8 minutes from the Sun to Earth 24 minutes across the solar system Galileo was the first to consider whether the speed of light was finite or infinite He attempted to measure it by stationing himself on one mountain and an assistant on a nearby mountain Galileo and the speed of light Galileo D Galileo s assistant Galileo turns on his flashlight and starts his clock When his assistant sees Galileo s light, he turns on his flashlight When Galileo sees the light from his assistant s flashlight, he notes the time Galileo s result FAST Suppose D = 2 miles, then the time delay would be t = D/c = 5 millionths of a sec. It is not surprising that Galileo was not able to measure this! Modern measurement of the speed of light using fiber optics we can do this! The speed of light inside matter The speed of light c = 300,000,000 m/s in vacuum In any other medium such as or glass, light travels at a lower speed. The speed of light in a medium can be found by using v = c/n, where c is the speed in vacuum (300,000,000 m/s) and n is a number (greater than 1) called the index of refraction. MEDIUM Vacuum air glass diamond v(speed in medium) = c(speed in vacuum) / n INDEX OF REFRACTION (n) Exactly SPEED OF LIGHT (m/s) (v) 300,000, ,564, ,368, ,967,000

2 light propagating inside matter, e.g., glass when light is transmitted through matter, some of the electrons in the matter are forced into vibrations when the electrons vibrate they reemit the light waves this happens in transparent materials this is a resonance effect, like the effect of one tuning fork making a nearby tuning fork vibrate in some materials the energy that the electrons receive from the light wave is passed on to a neighboring atom, thus giving up the energy as heat this is what happens in opaque materials the delay between receiving the light energy and reemitting the light energy is way causes light to travel more slowly in a material compared to in vacuum glass blocks both ultraviolet and infrared light, but is transparent to visible light ultraviolet visible infrared Glass VISIBLE LIGHT COLOR Any color can be made by combining primary colors Red, Green and Blue A color TV uses mixtures of the primary colors to produce full color images Perceived color is a physiological effect depends on how our eyes work Color WAVELENGTH OR FREQUENCY Wavelength Frequency = c Refraction the bending of light One consequence of the fact that light travels more slowly in say compared to air is that a light ray must bend when it enters this is called refraction the amount of refraction (bending) that occurs depends on how large the index of refraction (n) is, the bigger n is, the more bending that takes place Incident Reflection and refraction at a surface Normal line refracted

3 Refraction of light Incident ray refracted ray Normal incidence If the ray hits the interface at a right angle (we call this normal incidence) there is no refraction even though the speed is lower The wavelength is shorter, however Water n= 1.33 Glass (n=1.5) The refracted ray is bent more in the glass Refraction from air into Refraction works both ways: into air normal n = 1.0 n = 1.33 When a light ray goes from air into, the refracted ray is bent away toward the normal. normal n = 1.0 n = 1.33 When a light ray goes from into air, the refracted ray is bent away from the normal. Some interesting effects due to refraction Under objects appear to be closer to the surface than they actually are Total internal reflection fiber optics Seeing through a window Dispersion rainbows What does it mean to see something? To see something, light rays from the object must get into your eyes. unless the object if a light bulb or some other luminous object, the light rays from some light source (like the sun) reflect off of the object and enter our eyes. BEER!

4 Where is the fish? Closer than you think! Total internal reflection Apparent location Of the fish n 2 n 1 > n 2 fish When the incident angle is too big, the refracted ray disappears and the incident ray is totally back. Fiber optics A fiber optic cable is a bunch (thousandths) of very fine (less than the diameter of a hair) glass strands clad together. The light is guided through the cable by successive internal reflections. fiber optic communications can carry more info with less distortion over long distances not affected by atmospheric conditions or lightning and does not corrode copper can carry 32 telephone calls, fiber optics can carry 32,000 calls takes 300 lbs of copper to carry same info as 1 lb of fiber optics downside expensive Seeing through the window A light ray is offset slightly When it passes thru a pane Of glass. The thinner the Glass, the smaller the offset. Seeing thru a window incident transmitted When the angle of incidence Is small, most of the incident Light passes thru the glass, Only a small amount is

5 Windows behaving as mirrors transmitted When the angle Of incidence is Large (grazing Incidence) more Light is, The window is Like a mirror incident

VISIBLE LIGHT. L 32 Light and Optics [2] Seeing through the window. Windows behaving as mirrors. Seeing through a window

VISIBLE LIGHT. L 32 Light and Optics [2] Seeing through the window. Windows behaving as mirrors. Seeing through a window L 32 Light and Optics [2] Measurements of the speed of light The bending of light refraction Total internal reflection Dispersion Dispersion Rainbows Atmospheric scattering Blue sky and red sunsets Mirrors

More information

SECTION 3 & 4 LIGHT WAVES & INFORMATION TRANSFER

SECTION 3 & 4 LIGHT WAVES & INFORMATION TRANSFER SECTION 3 & 4 LIGHT WAVES & INFORMATION TRANSFER Light Waves Light is a type of energy that travels as waves. Light is different than other waves because it does not need matter to travel. Light waves

More information

Quest Chapter 29. turned back think bounce. Reread the definition of the law of reflection on page 444.

Quest Chapter 29. turned back think bounce. Reread the definition of the law of reflection on page 444. 1 A wave is turned back when it meets the boundary of the medium in which it is traveling. The wave is said to have undergone 1. interference. 2. diffraction. 3. reflection. 4. refraction. 2 What is the

More information

Electromagnetic Waves

Electromagnetic Waves 4/15/12 Chapter 26: Properties of Light Field Induction Ok, so a changing magnetic field causes a current (Faraday s law) Why do we have currents in the first place? electric fields of the charges Changing

More information

Light. Mike Maloney Physics, SHS

Light. Mike Maloney Physics, SHS Light Mike Maloney Physics, SHS 1 Light What is LIGHT? WHERE DOES IT COME FROM? 2003 Mike Maloney 2 What is Light? Light is a wave, or rather acts like a wave. How do we know since we cannot see it? We

More information

Sound and Light. Light

Sound and Light. Light Sound and Light Light What do you think? Read the two statements below and decide whether you agree or disagree with them. Place an A in the Before column if you agree with the statement or a D if you

More information

Grade 5. Practice Test. What is Light? How Light Behaves. Photo Credits (in order of appearance): Alexandr Mitiuc/Dreamstime.com

Grade 5. Practice Test. What is Light? How Light Behaves. Photo Credits (in order of appearance): Alexandr Mitiuc/Dreamstime.com Name Date Grade 5 What is Light? How Light Behaves Photo Credits (in order of appearance): Alexandr Mitiuc/Dreamstime.com Today you will read two passages. Read these sources carefully to gather information

More information

Chapter 33 Nature and Propagation of Light. From vision to digital camera to rainbows to pictures of the early universe light is all around us

Chapter 33 Nature and Propagation of Light. From vision to digital camera to rainbows to pictures of the early universe light is all around us Chapter 33 Nature and Propagation of Light From vision to digital camera to rainbows to pictures of the early universe light is all around us Introduction A coating of oil on water or a delicate glass

More information

SPECTRUM. Dispersion. This phenomenon can be observed in a lab environment using a

SPECTRUM. Dispersion. This phenomenon can be observed in a lab environment using a SPECTRUM Dispersion The phenomenon due to which a polychromatic light, like sunlight, splits into its component colours, when passed through a transparent medium like a glass prism, is called dispersion

More information

Grade 8 Science Unit 2: Optics Chapters 4, 5 and 6

Grade 8 Science Unit 2: Optics Chapters 4, 5 and 6 Grade 8 Science Unit 2: Optics Chapters 4, 5 and 6 At the end of this unit, students will be expected to 1. Provide examples of ideas and theories of light used in the past to explain observed properties.

More information

a) the Moon is very large b) atmospheric conditions are just right c) the ocean is calm d) the ocean is wavy e) motion of the Moon

a) the Moon is very large b) atmospheric conditions are just right c) the ocean is calm d) the ocean is wavy e) motion of the Moon Question 26.1 When watching the Moon over the ocean, you often see a long streak of light on the surface of the water. This occurs because: Reflection a) the Moon is very large b) atmospheric conditions

More information

Waves. Electromagnetic. No medium required. Can travel in a vacuum (empty space).

Waves. Electromagnetic. No medium required. Can travel in a vacuum (empty space). Electromagnetic Waves Made up of vibrating electric and magnetic fields. Carry energy. Move in the form of both a wave and a particle. No medium required. Can travel in a vacuum (empty space). Demonstrate

More information

Sunlight. Sunlight 2. Sunlight 4. Sunlight 3. Sunlight 5. Sunlight 6

Sunlight. Sunlight 2. Sunlight 4. Sunlight 3. Sunlight 5. Sunlight 6 Sunlight 1 Sunlight 2 Introductory Question Sunlight When you look up at the sky during the day, is the light from distant stars reaching your eyes? A. Yes B. No Sunlight 3 Observations about Sunlight

More information

Optics in a Fish Tank Demonstrations for the Classroom

Optics in a Fish Tank Demonstrations for the Classroom Optics in a Fish Tank Demonstrations for the Classroom Introduction: This series of demonstrations will illustrate a number of optical phenomena. Using different light sources and a tank of water, you

More information

Ch Guided Reading Sound and Light

Ch Guided Reading Sound and Light Name Date Hour Chapter 15 Answer Key Ch.15-18 Guided Reading Sound and Light 1. Compare the speed of sound as it travels within a liquid, a solid, and a gas. Why does the speed of sound differ? Sound travels

More information

EA Notes (Scen 101), Tillery Chapter 7. Light

EA Notes (Scen 101), Tillery Chapter 7. Light EA Notes (Scen 101), Tillery Chapter 7 Light Introduction Light is hard to study because you can't see it, you only see it's effects. Newton tried to explain the energy in a light beam as the KE of a particle

More information

AS 101: Day Lab #2 Summer Spectroscopy

AS 101: Day Lab #2 Summer Spectroscopy Spectroscopy Goals To see light dispersed into its constituent colors To study how temperature, light intensity, and light color are related To see spectral lines from different elements in emission and

More information

Core Concept. PowerPoint Lectures to accompany Physical Science, 8e. Chapter 7 Light. New Symbols for this Chapter 3/29/2011

Core Concept. PowerPoint Lectures to accompany Physical Science, 8e. Chapter 7 Light. New Symbols for this Chapter 3/29/2011 PowerPoint Lectures to accompany Physical Science, 8e Chapter 7 Light Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Core Concept Light is electromagnetic radiation

More information

Activity 2: Physics and the Visual Arts

Activity 2: Physics and the Visual Arts Why? An appreciation for and understanding of the physical processes that underpin the visual arts can be satisfying for an artist and lead to production of some unique pieces such as ferrosculptures:

More information

Unit 3: Optics Chapter 4. Properties of Light

Unit 3: Optics Chapter 4. Properties of Light Unit 3: Optics Chapter 4 Properties of Light There are many types of light sources... Fluorescence Incandescence Electric Bioluminescence Chemiluminescence Combustion The Nature of Light Pythagoras A Greek

More information

Fluorescence. Incandescence. Electric. Bioluminescence Chemiluminescence. Combustion

Fluorescence. Incandescence. Electric. Bioluminescence Chemiluminescence. Combustion Fluorescence Incandescence Electric Bioluminescence Chemiluminescence Combustion Pythagoras A Greek philosopher Believed light was beams of tiny particles The eyes could detect these particles and see

More information

Energy: Conservation and Transfer

Energy: Conservation and Transfer Energy: Conservation and Transfer 6.P.3 Understand characteristics of energy transfer and interactions of matter and energy. 6.P.3.1 Illustrate the transfer of heat energy from warmer objects to cooler

More information

Wave - Particle Duality of Light

Wave - Particle Duality of Light Properties of Light Objectives Explain wave-particle duality State the speed of light Describe electromagnetic waves and the electromagnetic spectrum Explain how light interacts with transparent and opaque

More information

Chapter 26: Properties of Light

Chapter 26: Properties of Light Lecture Outline Chapter 26: Properties of Light This lecture will help you understand: Electromagnetic Waves The Electromagnetic Spectrum Transparent Materials Opaque Materials Seeing Light The Eye Electromagnetic

More information

A sound wave needs a medium through which it is transmitted. (MS-PS4-2)

A sound wave needs a medium through which it is transmitted. (MS-PS4-2) Title: Visible Light: Why is the Sky Blue? Time: 40 min Grade level: 4 th and 5 th Synopsis: In an effort to teach wavelength and frequency in the electromagnetic spectrum, students will look at the visible

More information

IDS 102: Electromagnetic Radiation and the Nature of Light

IDS 102: Electromagnetic Radiation and the Nature of Light IDS 102: Electromagnetic Radiation and the Nature of Light Major concepts we will cover in this module are: electromagnetic spectrum; wave intensity vs. wavelength, and the difference between light reflection,

More information

Hubble Space Telescope

Hubble Space Telescope Before the first telescopes were invented at the beginning of the 17th century, people looked up at the stars with their naked eyes. The first refracting telescope that Galileo developed in 1609 was likely

More information

Electromagnetic spectra

Electromagnetic spectra Properties of Light Waves, particles and EM spectrum Interaction with matter Absorption Reflection, refraction and scattering Polarization and diffraction Reading foci: pp 175-185, 191-199 not responsible

More information

Light is an electromagnetic wave (EM)

Light is an electromagnetic wave (EM) What is light? Light is a form of energy. Light travels in a straight line Light speed is 3.0 x 10 8 m/s Light is carried by photons Light can travel through a vacuum Light is a transverse wave Light is

More information

Physics 214 Course Overview

Physics 214 Course Overview Physics 214 Course Overview Lecturer: Mike Kagan Course topics Electromagnetic waves Optics Thin lenses Interference Diffraction Relativity Photons Matter waves Black Holes EM waves Intensity Polarization

More information

The Nature of Light Student Question Sheet (Advanced)

The Nature of Light Student Question Sheet (Advanced) The Nature of Light Student Question Sheet (Advanced) Author: Sarah Roberts - Faulkes Telescope Project Introduction This worksheet contains questions and activities which will test your knowledge and

More information

LECTURE 23: LIGHT. Propagation of Light Huygen s Principle

LECTURE 23: LIGHT. Propagation of Light Huygen s Principle LECTURE 23: LIGHT Propagation of Light Reflection & Refraction Internal Reflection Propagation of Light Huygen s Principle Each point on a primary wavefront serves as the source of spherical secondary

More information

PHSC 3033: Meteorology Atmospheric Optics

PHSC 3033: Meteorology Atmospheric Optics PHSC 3033: Meteorology Atmospheric Optics Hot Radiating Objects Imagine a piece of metal placed in a hot furnace. At first, the metal becomes warm, although its visual appearance doesn't change. As it

More information

KNOWLEDGE TO GET FROM TODAY S CLASS MEETING Class Meeting #12, Monday, February 15 th

KNOWLEDGE TO GET FROM TODAY S CLASS MEETING Class Meeting #12, Monday, February 15 th KNOWLEDGE TO GET FROM TODAY S CLASS MEETING Class Meeting #12, Monday, February 15 th 1) Taking a look at the 10-micrometer wavelength world.. 2) The decrease in RECEIVED RADIANT ENERGY as you move away

More information

Chapter Ray Optics and Optical Instrument

Chapter Ray Optics and Optical Instrument Chapter Ray Optics and Optical Instrument Q1. Focal length of a convex lens of refractive index 1.5 is 2 cm. Focal length of the lens when immersed in a liquid of refractive index of 1.25 will be [1988]

More information

DAY LABORATORY EXERCISE: SPECTROSCOPY

DAY LABORATORY EXERCISE: SPECTROSCOPY AS101 - Day Laboratory: Spectroscopy Page 1 DAY LABORATORY EXERCISE: SPECTROSCOPY Goals: To see light dispersed into its constituent colors To study how temperature, light intensity, and light color are

More information

Chapter 26. Properties of Light

Chapter 26. Properties of Light Chapter 26 Properties of Light James Clerk Maxwell discovered that light is composed of a. electromagnetic waves. b. ultrasonic waves. c. infrasonic waves. d. electron vibrations. James Clerk Maxwell discovered

More information

Chapter 6 Telescopes: Portals of Discovery. Agenda. How does your eye form an image? Refraction. Example: Refraction at Sunset

Chapter 6 Telescopes: Portals of Discovery. Agenda. How does your eye form an image? Refraction. Example: Refraction at Sunset Chapter 6 Telescopes: Portals of Discovery Agenda Announce: Read S2 for Thursday Ch. 6 Telescopes 6.1 Eyes and Cameras: Everyday Light Sensors How does your eye form an image? Our goals for learning How

More information

Lecture #15: Plan. Telescopes (cont d) Effects of Earth s Atmosphere Extrasolar planets = Exoplanets

Lecture #15: Plan. Telescopes (cont d) Effects of Earth s Atmosphere Extrasolar planets = Exoplanets Lecture #15: Plan Telescopes (cont d) Effects of Earth s Atmosphere Extrasolar planets = Exoplanets Resolving Power (review) The bigger the size of the telescope, the better it is at discerning fine details

More information

10.1 Properties of Light

10.1 Properties of Light 10.1 Properties of Light Every time you see, you are using light. You can t see anything in complete darkness! Whether you are looking at a light bulb, or a car, or this book, light brings information

More information

Focusing on Light What is light? Is it a particle or a wave? An age-old debate that has persisted among scientists is related to the question, "Is

Focusing on Light What is light? Is it a particle or a wave? An age-old debate that has persisted among scientists is related to the question, Is Focusing on Light What is light? Is it a particle or a wave? An age-old debate that has persisted among scientists is related to the question, "Is light a wave or a stream of particles?" Very noteworthy

More information

What can laser light do for (or to) me?

What can laser light do for (or to) me? What can laser light do for (or to) me? Phys 1020, Day 15: Questions? Refection, refraction LASERS: 14.3 Next Up: Finish lasers Cameras and optics 1 Eyes to web: Final Project Info Light travels more slowly

More information

Name Class Date. a. Light is a wave. 2. Empedocles. b. Light consists of tiny 3. Euclid

Name Class Date. a. Light is a wave. 2. Empedocles. b. Light consists of tiny 3. Euclid Exercises 27.1 Early Concepts of (page 533) Scientist Idea About 1. Einstein a. is a wave. 2. Empedocles b. consists of tiny 3. Euclid particles. 4. Huygens c. Vision results from streamers or filaments

More information

The Nature of Light. We have a dual model

The Nature of Light. We have a dual model Light and Atoms Properties of Light We can come to understand the composition of distant bodies by analyzing the light they emit This analysis can tell us about the composition as well as the temperature

More information

Note on Posted Slides. History of Light. History of Light

Note on Posted Slides. History of Light. History of Light Note on Posted Slides These are the slides that I intended to show in class on Wed. Mar. 27, 2013. They contain important ideas and questions from your reading. Due to time constraints, I was probably

More information

Name Date Class. Electromagnetic Spectrum. Colors

Name Date Class. Electromagnetic Spectrum. Colors b e n c h m a r k t e s t : p h y s i c a l s c i e n c e Multiple Choice Directions: Use the diagram below to answer question 1. Electromagnetic Spectrum Radio waves A B C D Gamma rays Long Wavelength

More information

The Challenge of Light

The Challenge of Light Thomas Alva Edison The Challenge of Light We have been studying light for years Do we know everything about it? Absolutely not! Greeks & Chinese have been using light for years with no real concept of

More information

Astronomy. Optics and Telescopes

Astronomy. Optics and Telescopes Astronomy A. Dayle Hancock adhancock@wm.edu Small 239 Office hours: MTWR 10-11am Optics and Telescopes - Refraction, lenses and refracting telescopes - Mirrors and reflecting telescopes - Diffraction limit,

More information

CLASSROOM SCIENCE ACTIVITY TO SUPPORT STUDENT ENQUIRY-BASED LEARNING

CLASSROOM SCIENCE ACTIVITY TO SUPPORT STUDENT ENQUIRY-BASED LEARNING Red Moon CLASSROOM SCIENCE ACTIVITY TO SUPPORT STUDENT ENQUIRY-BASED LEARNING This classroom-tested teaching plan uses the four innovations of the TEMI project, as detailed in the Teaching the TEMI Way

More information

Chapter 6 Telescopes: Portals of Discovery

Chapter 6 Telescopes: Portals of Discovery Chapter 6 Telescopes: Portals of Discovery 6.1 Eyes and Cameras: Everyday Light Sensors Our goals for learning: How does your eye form an image? How do we record images? How does your eye form an image?

More information

Review of Optical Properties of Materials

Review of Optical Properties of Materials Review of Optical Properties of Materials Review of optics Absorption in semiconductors: qualitative discussion Derivation of Optical Absorption Coefficient in Direct Semiconductors Photons When dealing

More information

Unit 4 Parent Guide: Waves. What is a wave?

Unit 4 Parent Guide: Waves. What is a wave? Unit 4 Parent Guide: Waves What is a wave? A wave is a disturbance or vibration that carries energy from one location to another. Some waves require a medium to transmit the energy whereas others can travel

More information

School. Team Number. Optics

School. Team Number. Optics School Team Number Optics Physical Optics (30%) Proceed to the laser shoot (40%) when your team number is called. 1. What are the four colors used in the CMYK color model? (2 points) 2. Muscae Volitantes

More information

Solution for Homework# 3. Chapter 5 : Review & Discussion

Solution for Homework# 3. Chapter 5 : Review & Discussion Solution for Homework# 3 Chapter 5 : Review & Discussion. The largest telescopes are reflecting telescopes, primarily because of 3 distinct disadvantages of the refracting telescope. When light passes

More information

Lecture #15: Plan. Telescopes (cont d) Effects of Earth s Atmosphere Extrasolar planets = Exoplanets

Lecture #15: Plan. Telescopes (cont d) Effects of Earth s Atmosphere Extrasolar planets = Exoplanets Lecture #15: Plan Telescopes (cont d) Effects of Earth s Atmosphere Extrasolar planets = Exoplanets Collecting Area Light bucket : the bigger the area of the telescope s mirror or lens, the more photons

More information

Lecture 14 - Radiative equilibrium and the atmospheric greenhouse effect

Lecture 14 - Radiative equilibrium and the atmospheric greenhouse effect We now have most of the tools we will need to begin to study energy balance on the earth. It will be a balance between incoming sunlight energy and outgoing energy emitted by the earth. We will look at

More information

Telescopes: Portals of Discovery

Telescopes: Portals of Discovery Telescopes: Portals of Discovery How do light and matter interact? Emission Absorption Transmission Transparent objects transmit light Opaque objects block (absorb) light Reflection or Scattering Reflection

More information

Chapter 5 Light: The Cosmic Messenger. Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 5 Light: The Cosmic Messenger. Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 5 Light: The Cosmic Messenger 5.1 Basic Properties of Light and Matter Our goals for learning: What is light? What is matter? How do light and matter interact? What is light? Light is an electromagnetic

More information

Light propagation. Ken Intriligator s week 7 lectures, Nov.12, 2013

Light propagation. Ken Intriligator s week 7 lectures, Nov.12, 2013 Light propagation Ken Intriligator s week 7 lectures, Nov.12, 2013 What is light? Old question: is it a wave or a particle? Quantum mechanics: it is both! 1600-1900: it is a wave. ~1905: photons Wave:

More information

Introduction to Properties of Waves

Introduction to Properties of Waves Introduction to Properties of Waves Waves travel through materials as vibrations and transmit energy. Though nearly all waves travel through matter, they never transmit matter. Waves are created when a

More information

Grade 8 Science: Unit 3-Optics Chapter 4: Properties of Light

Grade 8 Science: Unit 3-Optics Chapter 4: Properties of Light Grade 8 Science: Unit 3-Optics Chapter 4: Properties of Light Key Terms: Microscope, telescope, amplitude, crest, energy, force, frequency, hertz, medium, transverse wave, trough, wave, wavelength, reflection,

More information

Pre-Lab Reading Questions GS106 Lab 3 Answer Key - How We Use Light in Astronomy Life Cycle of a Wave: 1) initialized as oscillating vibrations ("disturbances"), 2) wave travel from origin to destination,

More information

Color Science Light & Spectra

Color Science Light & Spectra COLOR Visible Light Color Science Light & Spectra Light is an electromagnetic wave It s color is characterized by it s wavelength Most light sources produce contributions over many wavelengths, contributions

More information

TELESCOPES POWERFUL. Beyond the Book. FOCUS Book

TELESCOPES POWERFUL. Beyond the Book. FOCUS Book FOCUS Book POWERFUL TELESCOPES Why do we need telescopes in order to observe stars that are very far away? Why do stars look bright in the sky while most galaxies, which have billions of stars, are too

More information

PHYSICS. Ray Optics. Mr Rishi Gopie

PHYSICS. Ray Optics. Mr Rishi Gopie Ray Optics Mr Rishi Gopie Ray Optics Nature of light Light is a form of energy which affects the human eye in such a way as to cause the sensation of sight. Visible light is a range of electromagnetic

More information

Spectrum of Radiation. Importance of Radiation Transfer. Radiation Intensity and Wavelength. Lecture 3: Atmospheric Radiative Transfer and Climate

Spectrum of Radiation. Importance of Radiation Transfer. Radiation Intensity and Wavelength. Lecture 3: Atmospheric Radiative Transfer and Climate Lecture 3: Atmospheric Radiative Transfer and Climate Radiation Intensity and Wavelength frequency Planck s constant Solar and infrared radiation selective absorption and emission Selective absorption

More information

Physics Worksheet Sound and Light Section: Name:

Physics Worksheet Sound and Light Section: Name: Do Now: What is common between sound and light? What are the differences between sound and light? Sound Waves 1. Define Sound Waves from three different perspectives 6. Speed of sound =. Formula: v =.

More information

Lecture 3: Atmospheric Radiative Transfer and Climate

Lecture 3: Atmospheric Radiative Transfer and Climate Lecture 3: Atmospheric Radiative Transfer and Climate Solar and infrared radiation selective absorption and emission Selective absorption and emission Cloud and radiation Radiative-convective equilibrium

More information

Lecture # 04 January 27, 2010, Wednesday Energy & Radiation

Lecture # 04 January 27, 2010, Wednesday Energy & Radiation Lecture # 04 January 27, 2010, Wednesday Energy & Radiation Kinds of energy Energy transfer mechanisms Radiation: electromagnetic spectrum, properties & principles Solar constant Atmospheric influence

More information

The Nature of Light and Matter 1 Light

The Nature of Light and Matter 1 Light The Nature of Light and Matter 1 Light ASTR 101 4/2/2018 Properties of light: reflection refraction, dispersion Rainbows Nature of light: wave and corpuscular theory Electromagnetic spectrum 1 Basic properties:

More information

4.2 Properties of Visible Light Date: (pages )

4.2 Properties of Visible Light Date: (pages ) 4.2 Properties of Visible Light Date: (pages 144-149) Visible light is a mixture of all the colours of the rainbow. A prism refracts light separating the colours. A second prism can recombine the colours

More information

CHAPTERS: 9.1, 10.1 AND 10.2 LIGHT WAVES PROPERTIES

CHAPTERS: 9.1, 10.1 AND 10.2 LIGHT WAVES PROPERTIES Name Period CHAPTERS: 9.1, 10.1 AND 10.2 LIGHT WAVES PROPERTIES ACTIVITY LESSON DESCRIPTION SCORE/POINTS 1. NT WAVES FOLDABLE (blue, green & yellow completely filled in.) /30 /30 2. WS READING GUIDE FOR

More information

Prof. Jeff Kenney Class 5 June 1, 2018

Prof. Jeff Kenney Class 5 June 1, 2018 www.astro.yale.edu/astro120 Prof. Jeff Kenney Class 5 June 1, 2018 to understand how we know stuff about the universe we need to understand: 1. the spectral analysis of light 2. how light interacts with

More information

MHS. Physics. Sample Questions. Exam to go from grade 10 to grade 11

MHS. Physics. Sample Questions. Exam to go from grade 10 to grade 11 MHS Physics Exam to go from grade 10 to grade 11 Sample Questions 1. non-luminous source of light is one which: 1. emits light by itself 2. carries light inside 3. reflects light coming from other objects

More information

Conceptual Physics. Luis A. Anchordoqui. Department of Physics and Astronomy Lehman College, City University of New York. Lesson VI October 3, 2017

Conceptual Physics. Luis A. Anchordoqui. Department of Physics and Astronomy Lehman College, City University of New York. Lesson VI October 3, 2017 Conceptual Physics Luis A. Anchordoqui Department of Physics and Astronomy Lehman College, City University of New York Lesson VI October 3, 2017 https://arxiv.org/abs/1711.07445 L. A. Anchordoqui (CUNY)

More information

Section 1: The Science of Energy¹

Section 1: The Science of Energy¹ SECTION1: THE SCIENCE OF ENERGY Section 1: The Science of Energy¹ What Is Energy? Energy is the ability to do work or the ability to make a change. Everything that happens in the world involves the exchange

More information

Discover why the sky is blue and the sunset is red.

Discover why the sky is blue and the sunset is red. Blue Sky Discover why the sky is blue and the sunset is red. When sunlight travels through the atmosphere, blue light scatters more than the other colors, leaving a dominant yellow-orange hue to the transmitted

More information

2. The spectrum of visible light bounds the region of intensity of light emitted by the Sun. a. maximum b. minimum

2. The spectrum of visible light bounds the region of intensity of light emitted by the Sun. a. maximum b. minimum CHAPTER 14 LIGHT AND SOUND IN THE ATMOSPHERE MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. As the Sun s rays travel through the atmosphere, they are by cloud droplets or ice crystals, or by raindrops. a. scattered b. reflected

More information

Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation Chapter 5. What is light? What is a wave? Radiation carries information

Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation Chapter 5. What is light? What is a wave? Radiation carries information Concepts: Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation Chapter 5 Electromagnetic waves Types of spectra Temperature Blackbody radiation Dual nature of radiation Atomic structure Interaction of light and matter

More information

The inputs and outputs of energy within the earth-atmosphere system that determines the net energy available for surface processes is the Energy

The inputs and outputs of energy within the earth-atmosphere system that determines the net energy available for surface processes is the Energy Energy Balance The inputs and outputs of energy within the earth-atmosphere system that determines the net energy available for surface processes is the Energy Balance Electromagnetic Radiation Electromagnetic

More information

Chapter 1 - The Nature of Light

Chapter 1 - The Nature of Light David J. Starling Penn State Hazleton PHYS 214 Electromagnetic radiation comes in many forms, differing only in wavelength, frequency or energy. Electromagnetic radiation comes in many forms, differing

More information

Energy is the ability to do work. Q: What is energy? Work is done when a force causes an object to move. Q: What is work? Q: Potential Energy

Energy is the ability to do work. Q: What is energy? Work is done when a force causes an object to move. Q: What is work? Q: Potential Energy Q: What is energy? Energy is the ability to do work. Q: What is work? Work is done when a force causes an object to move. Q: Potential Energy The energy of an object due to its position, shape, or condition

More information

10. Optics of metals - plasmons

10. Optics of metals - plasmons 1. Optics of metals - plasmons Drude theory at higher frequencies The Drude scattering time corresponds to the frictional damping rate The ultraviolet transparency of metals Interface waves - surface plasmons

More information

Light. November 101 Lect 11 1

Light. November 101 Lect 11 1 Light What is light? To start, what are the observed properties of light? Describe the intrinsic properties of light light by itself. Later, what are the interactions of light? What happens when light

More information

PHYSICS 11. Review What is the critical angle for a glass that has an index of refraction of 1.52?

PHYSICS 11. Review What is the critical angle for a glass that has an index of refraction of 1.52? Waves Review 4 1. Explain, with the help of a sketch, what each of these terms means with respect to waves: (a) crest; (b) trough; (c) wavelength; (d) frequency; (e) amplitude. 2. A dog wags its tail 50

More information

Sound Waves. Sound waves are caused by vibrations and carry energy through a medium

Sound Waves. Sound waves are caused by vibrations and carry energy through a medium Chapter 16 Sound Waves Sound waves are caused by vibrations and carry energy through a medium An example of a compressional wave Waves can spread out in all directions Their speed depends on its medium

More information

How do telescopes "see" on Earth and in space?

How do telescopes see on Earth and in space? How do telescopes "see" on Earth and in space? By NASA, adapted by Newsela staff on 03.28.17 Word Count 933 Level 970L TOP IMAGE: The Hubble Space Telescope orbiting in space over Earth. SECOND IMAGE:

More information

1. Using, scientists can use a few smaller telescopes to take images with the. 2. To double the resolving power of a telescope, you must.

1. Using, scientists can use a few smaller telescopes to take images with the. 2. To double the resolving power of a telescope, you must. Chapter 5 Telescopes Multiple Choice Questions 1. Using, scientists can use a few smaller telescopes to take images with the same resolution as a much larger telescope. A. Satellite telescopes B. Charge-coupled

More information

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

The Electromagnetic Spectrum The Electromagnetic Spectrum Learning Objectives! What is Electromagnetic Radiation?! What are spectra? How could we measure a spectrum?! How do wavelengths correspond to colors for optical light? Does

More information

Topic 5 Practice Test

Topic 5 Practice Test Base your answers to questions 1 and 2 on the diagram below, which represents the greenhouse effect in which heat energy is trapped in Earth's atmosphere 1. The Earth surface that best absorbs short-wave

More information

The Nature of Light and Matter 1 Light

The Nature of Light and Matter 1 Light The Nature of Light and Matter 1 Light ASTR 103 4/06/2016 1 Basic properties: The Nature of Light Light travels in a straight line. Most surfaces reflect light. Amount of reflection depends on the medium.

More information

16. More About Polarization

16. More About Polarization 16. More About Polarization Polarization control Wave plates Circular polarizers Reflection & polarization Scattering & polarization Birefringent materials have more than one refractive index A special

More information

Lab 11: Must what goes in be the same as what comes out? Spectroscopy & Fluorescence in Chlorophyll.

Lab 11: Must what goes in be the same as what comes out? Spectroscopy & Fluorescence in Chlorophyll. Lab 11: Must what goes in be the same as what comes out? Spectroscopy & Fluorescence in Chlorophyll. Introduction to Fluorescence: Fluorescence is one of the possible mechanisms for emission of light by

More information

LECTURE 23: LIGHT. Propagation of Light Huygen s Principle

LECTURE 23: LIGHT. Propagation of Light Huygen s Principle LECTURE 23: LIGHT Propagation of Light Reflection & Refraction Internal Reflection Propagation of Light Huygen s Principle Each point on a primary wavefront serves as the source of spherical secondary

More information

AST 101 Intro to Astronomy: Stars & Galaxies

AST 101 Intro to Astronomy: Stars & Galaxies AST 101 Intro to Astronomy: Stars & Galaxies Telescopes Mauna Kea Observatories, Big Island, HI Imaging with our Eyes pupil allows light to enter the eye lens focuses light to create an image retina detects

More information

Lecture 4: Radiation Transfer

Lecture 4: Radiation Transfer Lecture 4: Radiation Transfer Spectrum of radiation Stefan-Boltzmann law Selective absorption and emission Reflection and scattering Remote sensing Importance of Radiation Transfer Virtually all the exchange

More information

Directed Reading. Section: Solar Energy and the Atmosphere RADIATION. identical point on the next wave. waves

Directed Reading. Section: Solar Energy and the Atmosphere RADIATION. identical point on the next wave. waves Skills Worksheet Directed Reading Section: Solar Energy and the Atmosphere 1. How is Earth s atmosphere heated? 2. Name the two primary sources of heat in the atmosphere. RADIATION In the space provided,

More information

Fresnel Equations cont.

Fresnel Equations cont. Lecture 11 Chapter 4 Fresnel quations cont. Total internal reflection and evanescent waves Optical properties of metals Familiar aspects of the interaction of light and matter Fresnel quations: phases

More information

The Physics of Rainbows

The Physics of Rainbows The Physics of Rainbows Prof. Chad A. Middleton CMU Physics Seminar September 13, 2012 Charles A. Bennett, Principles of Physical Optics, 1 st ed., pps. 111-115. Jearl D. Walker, Multiple rainbows from

More information

Telescopes. Telescopes Key Concepts. glass

Telescopes. Telescopes Key Concepts. glass Telescopes Telescopes Key Concepts 1) A refracting telescope uses a lens to gather light; a reflecting telescope uses a mirror. ) The main purposes of a telescope are to gather light and resolve fine detail.

More information