ASTRONOMIE FH Astros Sommersemester 2017
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1 Vorlesungsreihe ASTRONOMIE FH Astros Sommersemester 2017
2 Vorlesungsreihe ASTRONOMIE FH Astros Sommersemester 2017
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6 Edwin Hubble 1924 galaxy ex Milky Way 1929 red shift - expansion Alan Guth 1981 inflate universe Robert Millikan George Lemaítre Albert Einstein Alexander Friedmann 1910 oil drops/elementary charge 1927 equation of expansion 1927 equation of expansion 1917 relativity Stephen Hawking 1971 event horizon black hole Roger Penrose Joel R. Primack 1996 quantum gravitation 2011 CANDELS, 2010 CCC Bolshoi simulation Team QUIET e.g. Columbia University 2011 measurement of CMB polarization - QUaD
7 Image: Primack/Abrams
8 Images: Primack/Abrams
9 Images: Primack/Abrams
10 Image:
11 Image: Primack/Abrams
12 Images: Primack/Abrams
13 Images:
14 Images: Primack/Abrams
15 Images: Primack/Abrams
16 Images: Primack/Abrams
17 Real image of the hole universe based on measurements (no simulation!) Images: Primack/Abrams
18 Images: Primack/Abrams
19 Images: Primack/Abrams
20 Uncertainties - Even until now no direct evidence of dark matter (Axon?) - Dark energy as a field scalar within space no exploration - Model of inflation: too much parameter variability; either too simple or too complicate - does not strictly define possible genesis Alternatives MOND Modified Newtonian Dynamics 1987 e.g. Erik Verlinde Explains twisting of galaxies without dark matter Space & time and length & mass convertible together 2010 Wun-Yi Shu While the universe is expanding permanently time is converted into space and mass into length speed of light and gravitational constant are not constant The Geometry of the Universe
21 SOURCES Standard model - Spektrum.de Bolshoi cosmological simulation Aquarius simulation Joel R. Primack / Nancy Ellen Abrams
22 Vorlesungsreihe ASTRONOMIE FH Astros Sommersemester 2017
23 FH Astros COSMOLOGY Cosmologic Epoch Planck epoch < seconds all four forces united GUT epoch (Grand Unified Theory) < to s Inflation, expansion to Quark epoch (electroweak) < 10 7 s Quarks, Leptons, Photons; unbalanced matter/antimatter Baryon syntheses Hadron epoch < 10 4 s Protons, Neutrons according Antiparticle; Muons, e, e+, Neutrinos, Photons Lepton epoch < 10 s Muons decay, e e+ annihilate (produce Photons) Primordial nucleon syntheses < 3 min H, He, Li are generated Radiation epoch < j Universe opaque; boarder of visibility CMB (Cosmic Microwave Background) Matter epoch until today Universe transparent, galaxies develop. Kurt Niel Wednesday, 31st. May
24 FH Astros COSMOLOGY Technical Specification Universe Age: bn years Elongation: 100 bn ly (10 30 cm) Volume: cm 3 Number of Galaxies: 100 bn, each 100 bn stars, each Protons Density of Protons: 10 7 per cm 3 or 1 per 10 m 3 Density of Photons: 400 per cm 3 (from Planck & T background radiation ) Density of Molecules air: 2, per cm 3 Physical Limits Planck time: s length: m Kurt Niel Wednesday, 31st. May
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