The Discovery of Planets beyond the Solar System. Luis A. Aguilar Instituto de Astronomía, UNAM. México
|
|
- Joella Nelson
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The Discovery of Planets beyond the Solar System Luis A Aguilar Instituto de Astronomía, UNAM México
2 First of all, What is a planet?
3 Contrary to what you may have thought, this is something difficult to answer Have you ever wondered, what exactly is a planet?
4 When we think about planets, what comes to mind are the planets of the Solar System: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto
5 You may think that a planet is a heavenly body that doesn t shine with its own light and goes around a star but asteroids are not luminous and go around the Sun!
6 What is then a planet?
7 What is then a planet? You may be surprised to know that not even astronomers are sure
8 Let s see if we can define what is a planet First of all, a planet is not a star
9 Let s see if we can define what is a planet First of all, a planet is not a star The fundamental difference between a star and a planet is its size, or more precisely, its mass The more massive a heavenly body, the greater the pressure and temperature at its center In a star it gets so hot, that thermonuclear explosions get started, and these produce so much energy, that a star shines with its own light The minimum stellar mass is 008 of the Sun s mass
10 Let s see if we can define what is a planet This makes a star shine with its own light, while a planet can only reflect the light it receives from a star
11 Let s see if we can define what is a planet However, there are so called brown dwarfs, which are failed stars that couldn t get thermonuclear reactions started A brown dwarf is less massive than a star, but more massive than a planet A brown dwarf shines but not as much as a star To be a brown dwarf an object must have a mass at least 10 times Jupiter s mass
12 Let s see if we can define what is a planet So, the largest mass that a planet can have is about 10 times Jupiter s mass! and what is the smallest mass?
13 Let s see if we can define what is a planet Here the mass is important to determine the shape
14 Let s see if we can define what is a planet Here the mass is important to determine the shape In a planet, the force of gravity is strong enough to squeeze it into a round shape
15 Let s see if we can define what is a planet Here the mass is important to determine the shape In a planet, the force of gravity is strong enough to squeeze it into a round shape In a smaller object, like an asteroid, the force of gravity can t overcome the stiffness of rocks, and so it remains irregularly shaped
16 Let s see if we can define what is a planet Here the mass is important to determine the shape In a planet, the force of gravity is strong enough to squeeze it into a round shape In a smaller object, like an asteroid, the force of gravity can t overcome the stiffness of rocks, and so it remains irregularly shaped
17 Let s see if we can define what is a planet But there are spherical objects in the Solar System that we don t call planets Some, like the moon, don t go around the Sun, but around a planet But others, like the recently discovered, Sedna and Quaoar, go around the Sun The smallest mass of a planet is not well defined, for some astronomers it is Pluto s mass, which is a hundred thousand times smaller than Jupiter s
18 A planet is then: A heavenly body with a mass between a hundred-thousandth and ten times that of Jupiter It does not shine with its own light, but with reflected light It travels around a star It is spherical To call it a planet, an object must satisfy all these conditions
19 How is a planet?
20 How is a planet? Mercury Venus Earth Mars Pluto In the Solar System there are two different types of planets: On one side, we have the terrestrial planets: these are small, made of rock and with a metallic core Except for Pluto, which is the smallest and most distant, they move close to the Sun
21 How is a planet? Saturn Uranus Neptune Jupiter In the Solar System there are two different types of planets: We also have the gaseous giants: these are big, made of gas and light elements All are far from the Sun and spin very fast
22 How is a planet? Orbits Except for Pluto, all planets follow almost circular paths around the Sun and lie on the same plane
23 How is a planet? Sizes Orbits Compared to Earth, their diameters span from a fifth for Pluto, to eleven times for Jupiter
24 How is a planet? Sizes Orbits Distances Mercury goes around the Sun 3 times closer than Earth, while Pluto is 40 times farther away
25 Are there planets going around other stars?
26 For a long time, philosophers, writers and scientists, have speculated about the existence of worlds beyond the Solar System
27 For a long time, philosophers, writers and scientists, have speculated about the existence of worlds beyond the Solar System And populated them with a zoo of fantastic creatures
28 However, astronomers studying the formation of the Solar System, had many reasons to believe that there ought to be many other planets We think that when a star is born, a gaseous disk surrounds it Dust condenses in the disk, and through sticky collisions, it forms gravel, pebbles, rocks and so on, all the way to planetesimals and planets, At the end, planet formation shuts down when the bright light from the infant star dissipates the gaseous disk
29 However, astronomers studying the formation of the Solar System, had many reasons to believe that there ought to be many other planets This process of planet formation can be studied using computer simulations
30 However, astronomers studying the formation of the Solar System, had many reasons to believe that there ought to be many other planets In fact, astronomers have recently seen disks of gas and dust surrounding young stars It is thought that planets are being formed in them
31 But finding a planet beyond out planetary system is an extremely hard task
32 Why is so difficult to find extrasolar planets?
33 Why is so difficult to find extrasolar planets? One reason is the vast distances involved Earth is only 8 lightminutes away from the Sun, but the closest star is 4 light-years away At this distance, it is very, very hard to see a planet
34 Why is so difficult to find extrasolar planets? Another reason is because planets don t shine with their own light, this makes them very faint compared to their stars Have you noticed how the same flashlight looks bright at night and dim during the day?
35 How to find then an extrasolar planet?
36 How to find then an extrasolar planet? When two stars move around each other, they move equally
37 How to find then an extrasolar planet? But when a planet moves around a star, the star moves very little, because the planet is a lot less massive
38 How to find then an extrasolar planet? The tiny stellar motion can be measured
39 How to find then an extrasolar planet? The tiny stellar motion can be measured Using what is called the Doppler effect When a car approaches, we hear a high pitch sound, and when it recedes, the sound turns to a lower pitch Sound is a wave, when the car is approaching us, the wave is compressed, when the car recedes, it is stretched A short wave is a high pitch tone, a long wave is a low pitch tone
40 How to find then an extrasolar planet? The tiny stellar motion can be measured Using what is called the Doppler effect The same happens with light, here short waves correspond to blue light, while long waves are red light This can be used to detect the motion of a star
41 How to find then an extrasolar planet? The tiny stellar motion can be measured Using what is called the Doppler effect The variation in color is very, very small It is equivalent to a highway patrol officer detecting a difference between a car moving at 60 mph and another moving at 6005 mph, a difference of about 80 yards per hour!
42 How to find then an extrasolar planet? Another way to discover planets is by occultation
43 How to find then an extrasolar planet? Another way to discover planets is by occultation When going around a star, a planet may pass in front of its star, as seen from Earth When this occurs, the brightness of the star will appear to diminish a little bit
44 How to find then an extrasolar planet? Another way to discover planets is by occultation The size of the effect depends on the relative sizes of the planets and the star Since planets are very small compared to their stars, the effect will be very little
45 How to find then an extrasolar planet? Another way to discover planets is by occultation The size of the effect depends on the relative sizes of the planets and the star Since planets are very small compared to their stars, the effect will be very little For Jupiter passing in front of the Sun, the dimming is only 3% This is like distinguishing between a 97 watt and a 100 watt light bulbs For the Earth the effect is much smaller
46 Discovering extrasolar planets
47 Discovering extrasolar planets Despite all these difficulties, on October 5, 1995, two French astronomers: Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz, From the Observatoire de Haute Provence, announced to the world the discovery of the first extrasolar planet
48 Discovering extrasolar planets Despite all these difficulties, on October 5, 1995, two French astronomers: Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz, From the Observatoire de Haute Provence, announced to the world the discovery of the first extrasolar planet It was a planet with half the mass of Jupiter, going around the star 51-Pegasi, a star like the Sun 50 light-years away The change in the star s velocity was only 55 yards/s
49 Discovering extrasolar planets Despite all these difficulties, on October 5, 1995, two French astronomers: Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz, From the Observatoire de Haute Provence, announced to the world the discovery of the first extrasolar planet Just a week later, the American astronomer Geoff Marcy confirmed this discovery from Lick observatory After centuries of search, the race to find the first extrasolar planet had a photo finish! But the new planet took everybody by surprise: it went around its star in only 4 days, moving at one twentieth of the Earth-Sun distance
50 Discovering extrasolar planets And then the avalanche of discoveries began
51 Discovering extrasolar planets And then the avalanche of discoveries began In January of 1996, Marcy discovered the second extrasolar planet It went around the star 70-Virginis, 57 light-years away The new planet was a giant 7 times more massive than Jupiter, moving around its star in 116 days at half the Earth-Sun distance
52 Discovering extrasolar planets And then the avalanche of discoveries began The following month, a third planet was discovered It went around the star 47-Ursa Majoris, 45 light-years away The new planet had a mass in between the previous two: 25 times the mass of Jupiter The size of its orbit was larger: 2 time the Earth-Sun distance, going around its star in 3 years
53 Discovering extrasolar planets And then the avalanche of discoveries began In August of the same year, additional planets are discovered around 55-Canceri, Tau-Bootis and Upsilon-Andromedae In 1996 a total of 6 planets are discovered One in 1997 Eight in 1998 Thirteen in 1999 And 28 in 2000! Up to April 16th, 2005, 154 extrasolar planets have been discovered
54 What have we learnt about extrasolar planets?
55 What have we learnt about extrasolar planets? All discoveries have been in stars near the Sun But this is just because the closer the star, the easier to detect a planet
56 What have we learnt about extrasolar planets? With a pair of exceptions, all discovered planets move very close to their stars This is due to the Doppler effect used in most discoveries: the star motion is larger when the planet going around is closer
57 What have we learnt about extrasolar planets? The masses span a range from one half to ten times Jupiter s mass, right at the limit were brown dwarfs begin
58 What have we learnt about extrasolar planets? The Doppler effect technique can not discover planets like those in the Solar System, at least not yet, because these are either too small or move to far away from the Sun
59 What have we learnt about extrasolar planets? However, in 1999 the discovery of a planet around the star HD was announced The importance of this discovery lies in that it was the first planet discovered using the occultation technique This opens up new possibilities for discovery
60 What have we learnt about extrasolar planets? What have we learnt about their orbits? Contrary to expectations, many planets follow orbits that are quite elongated This is still a big mystery
61 What have we learnt about extrasolar planets? Something important to us is the extent of the habitable zone, this is the region around a star were water can exist in liquid form on a planet s surface This is the region to look for life Unfortunately, most of planets found to date lie outside this zone
62 The diversity of discovered planets was a big surprise to Astronomers There is a planet so small, that its mass is only 02 times that of Jupiter There is one so big, that is 11 times more massive than Jupiter There is a planet going around its star in only 3 days, there is another that takes 45 years The planet closest to its star moves at only 004 of the Earth-Sun distance The planet moving the farthest away is at 28 times the Earth- Sun distance from its star In the Solar System, all planets move in near-circular orbits (except Pluto); among the discovered extrasolar planets, almost a third move in very elongated orbits Planets have been found even around pulsars, which are the remains of massive stars that exploded as Supernovae There may be enough planets in our Galaxy to give one to each person on Earth!
63 What to expect next? The direct exploration of planets in the Solar System will continue Landing of the probe Huygens in Titan, one of Saturn s satellites The Cassini spacecraft is at upper right (December 2005)
64 What to expect next? The direct exploration of planets in the Solar System will continue Kepler will search for extrasolar planets using the occultation technique Around 2007, NASA will launch Kepler, a satellite that will detect minute variations in the brightness of nearby stars It will search for planets passing in front of their stars
65 What to expect next? The direct exploration of planets in the Solar System will continue SIM will use sophisticated interferometric techniques to try to get direct images of extrasolar planets Around 2007, NASA will launch Kepler, a satellite that will detect minute variations in the brightness of nearby stars It will search for planets passing in front of their stars Even more ambitious is the SIM mission planed for 2009 Its goal is to get direct images of extrasolar planets
66 What to expect next? Pioneer and Voyager, the first emissaries of mankind, are leaving the Solar System We live in extraordinary times
67 I hope you have enjoyed this talk and learnt something new The End
The Sun s center is much hotter than the surface. The Sun looks large and bright in the sky. Other stars look much smaller.
The Sun A star is a huge ball of hot, glowing gases. The Sun is a star. The width of the Sun is equal to the width of 100 Earths placed side by side. The Sun is extremely hot. The surface of the Sun has
More information21/11/ /11/2017 Space Physics AQA Physics topic 8
Space Physics AQA Physics topic 8 8.1 Solar System, Orbits and Satellites The eight planets of our Solar System Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune As well as the eight planets, the
More informationPlanet Detection. AST 105 Intro Astronomy The Solar System
Review AST 105 Intro Astronomy The Solar System MIDTERM III this THURSDAY 04/8 covering LECT. 17 through We ve talked about the Terrestrial Planets and the Jovian Planets - What about planets around other
More informationThe Outer Planets. Video Script: The Outer Planets. Visual Learning Company
11 Video Script: 1. For thousands of years people have looked up at the night sky pondering the limits of our solar system. 2. Perhaps you too, have looked up at the evening stars and planets, and wondered
More informationDetecting Extra Solar Planets
Detecting Extra Solar Planets The Extrasolar Planet Count Currently, 288 stars have been discovered to have planets. Some of these have more than one, so a total of 380 planets have been discovered as
More informationThe Universe in my pocket. The Solar System. Gloria Delgado Inglada. 4 No. 4. Instituto de Astronomía, UNAM, Mexico
The Universe in my pocket The Solar System 4 No. 4 Gloria Delgado Inglada Instituto de Astronomía, UNAM, Mexico 2 The Solar System is composed of the Sun and of all the bodies travelling around it: planets,
More informationChapter 06 Let s Make a Solar System
like? Big picture. Chapter 06 Let s Make a Solar System How did it come to be this way? Where did it come from? Will I stop sounding like the Talking Heads? The solar system exhibits clear patterns of
More information18 An Eclipsing Extrasolar Planet
Name: Date: 18 An Eclipsing Extrasolar Planet 18.1 Introduction One of the more recent new fields in astronomy is the search for (and discovery of) planets orbiting around stars other than our Sun, or
More informationWHAT WE KNOW. Scientists observe that every object in the universe is moving away from each other. Objects furthest away are moving the fastest. So..
ASTRONOMY THE BIG BANG THEORY WHAT WE KNOW Scientists observe that every object in the universe is moving away from each other. Objects furthest away are moving the fastest. So.. WHAT DOES THIS MEAN? If
More informationHow did it come to be this way? Will I stop sounding like the
Chapter 06 Let s Make a Solar System How did it come to be this way? Where did it come from? Will I stop sounding like the Talking Heads? What does the solar system look like? Big picture. The solar system
More informationUNIT 1: THE UNIVERSE VOCABULARY
UNIT 1: THE UNIVERSE VOCABULARY Asteroids Asteroid belt Astronomical unit (AU) Black hole Celestial body Cluster of galaxies Comets Constellation Dwarf planets Galaxy Light-year (LY) meteorites Milky Way
More informationThe Solar System. Name Test Date Hour
Name Test Date Hour Astronomy#3 - Notebook The Solar System LEARNING TARGETS I can describe the objects that make up our solar system. I can identify the inner and outer planets. I can explain the difference
More informationWhich of the following planets are all made up of gas? When a planets orbit around the Sun looks like an oval, it s called a(n)
When a planets orbit around the Sun looks like an oval, it s called a(n) - ellipse - circle - axis - rotation Which of the following planets are all made up of gas? - Venus, Mars, Saturn and Pluto - Jupiter,
More informationVoyage to the Planets
UNIT 5 WEEK 4 Read the article Voyage to the Planets before answering Numbers 1 through 5. Voyage to the Planets A voyage to Jupiter, the largest planet in our solar system, takes years. Saturn and Uranus
More informationPLANETARY SYSTEM: FROM GALILEO TO EXOPLANETS
PLANETARY SYSTEM: FROM GALILEO TO EXOPLANETS Rosa M. Ros Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona (Spain) Abstract When in 1610 Galileo Galilei looked at Jupiter with the use of his telescope, he saw
More informationThe Solar System LEARNING TARGETS. Scientific Language. Name Test Date Hour
Name Test Date Hour Astronomy#3 - Notebook The Solar System LEARNING TARGETS I can describe the objects that make up our solar system. I can identify the inner and outer planets. I can explain the difference
More informationWhat is Earth Science?
What is Earth Science? A.EARTH SCIENCE: the study of Earth and its history B. Earth science is divided into 4 main branches: 1. Geology: study of the lithosphere 2. Oceanography: study of oceans 3. Meteorology:
More informationIntroduction to the Solar System
Introduction to the Solar System Sep. 11, 2002 1) Introduction 2) Angular Momentum 3) Formation of the Solar System 4) Cowboy Astronomer Review Kepler s Laws empirical description of planetary motion Newton
More informationThe Big Bang Theory (page 854)
Name Class Date Space Homework Packet Homework #1 Hubble s Law (pages 852 853) 1. How can astronomers use the Doppler effect? 2. The shift in the light of a galaxy toward the red wavelengths is called
More informationLecture 12: Extrasolar planets. Astronomy 111 Monday October 9, 2017
Lecture 12: Extrasolar planets Astronomy 111 Monday October 9, 2017 Reminders Star party Thursday night! Homework #6 due Monday The search for extrasolar planets The nature of life on earth and the quest
More informationIntroduction to Astronomy
Introduction to Astronomy Have you ever wondered what is out there in space besides Earth? As you see the stars and moon, many questions come up with the universe, possibility of living on another planet
More informationCredit: NASA/Kepler Mission/Dana Berry. Exoplanets
Credit: NASA/Kepler Mission/Dana Berry Exoplanets Outline What is an exoplanet? Why are they interesting? How can we find them? Exolife?? The future... Jon Thaler Exoplanets 2 What is an Exoplanet? Most
More informationAfter you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions:
CHAPTER 16 4 Moons SECTION Our Solar System California Science Standards 8.2.g, 8.4.d, 8.4.e BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: How did Earth s moon
More informationLecture Outlines. Chapter 6. Astronomy Today 7th Edition Chaisson/McMillan Pearson Education, Inc.
Lecture Outlines Chapter 6 Astronomy Today 7th Edition Chaisson/McMillan Chapter 6 The Solar System Units of Chapter 6 6.1 An Inventory of the Solar System 6.2 Measuring the Planets 6.3 The Overall Layout
More informationDoes it matter what you call an object? Does the public care so much? Were scientists made fun of, but not HP Computer Company?
Is there anything wrong with this picture? 1 What is a planet? Why? Does it matter what you call an object? Does the public care so much? Were scientists made fun of, but not HP Computer Company? How?
More informationChapter 13 Other Planetary Systems. Why is it so difficult to detect planets around other stars? Brightness Difference
Chapter 13 Other Planetary Systems The New Science of Distant Worlds 13.1 Detecting Extrasolar Planets Our goals for learning:! Why is it so difficult to detect planets around other stars?! How do we detect
More informationChapter 13 Other Planetary Systems. Why is it so difficult to detect planets around other stars? Size Difference. Brightness Difference
Chapter 13 Other Planetary Systems Why is it so difficult to detect planets around other stars? Size Difference Planets are small compared to interstellar distances 10 billion to 1 scale Sun is size of
More informationLESSON topic: formation of the solar system Solar system formation Star formation Models of the solar system Planets in our solar system
Unit 2 Lesson 1 LESSON topic: formation of the solar system - Solar system formation - Star formation - Models of the solar system - Planets in our solar system Big bang theory Origin of the universe According
More information1. Galaxy (a) the length of a planet s day. 2. Rotational Period (b) dust and gases floating in space
Vocabulary: Match the vocabulary terms on the left with the definitions on the right 1. Galaxy (a) the length of a planet s day 2. Rotational Period (b) dust and gases floating in space 3. Orbital Period
More informationChapter 7 Our Planetary System
Chapter 7 Our Planetary System What does the solar system look like? Earth, as viewed by the Voyager spacecraft Eight major planets with nearly circular orbits Pluto is smaller than the major planets and
More informationPhysical Science 1 Chapter 16 INTRODUCTION. Astronomy is the study of the universe, which includes all matter, energy, space and time.
INTRODUCTION Astronomy is the study of the universe, which includes all matter, energy, space and time. Although the universe is vast and almost beyond imagination, much is known about its make-up and
More informationTABLE OF CONTENTS. click one to go to that page, or just go on. What is the Solar System? Neptune (Pluto) The Sun. Asteroids. Mercury.
The Solar System TABLE OF CONTENTS click one to go to that page, or just go on. What is the Solar System? The Sun Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune (Pluto) Asteroids Meteors and Meteorites
More information10/16/ Detecting Planets Around Other Stars. Chapter 10: Other Planetary Systems The New Science of Distant Worlds
10/16/17 Lecture Outline 10.1 Detecting Planets Around Other Stars Chapter 10: Other Planetary Systems The New Science of Distant Worlds Our goals for learning: How do we detect planets around other stars?
More informationStar. Planet. Chapter 1 Our Place in the Universe. 1.1 A Modern View of the Universe Our goals for learning: What is our place in the universe?
Chapter 1 Our Place in the Universe 1.1 A Modern View of the Universe Our goals for learning: What is our place in the universe? How did we come to be? How can we know what the universe was like in the
More information5. How did Copernicus s model solve the problem of some planets moving backwards?
MODELS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM Reading Guide: Chapter 27.2 (read text pages 691-694) 1k. Recognize the cumulative nature of scientific evidence. 1n. Know that when an observation does not agree with an accepted
More informationEarth s Formation Unit [Astronomy] Student Success Sheets (SSS)
Page1 Earth s Formation Unit [Astronomy] Student Success Sheets (SSS) HS-ESSI-1; HS-ESS1-2; HS-ESS1-3; HS-ESSI-4 NGSS Civic Memorial High School - Earth Science A Concept # What we will be learning Mandatory
More informationAstronomy 330 HW 2. Outline. Presentations. ! Alex Bara
Astronomy 330 This class (Lecture 10): Origin of the Moon Ilana Strauss Next Class: Our Planet Scott Huber Thomas Hymel HW 2! Alex Bara http://userpages.bright.net/~phobia/main.htm! Margaret Sharp http://hubpages.com/hub/proof-that-ufos-exist---
More informationChapter 13 Other Planetary Systems. The New Science of Distant Worlds
Chapter 13 Other Planetary Systems The New Science of Distant Worlds 13.1 Detecting Extrasolar Planets Our goals for learning Why is it so difficult to detect planets around other stars? How do we detect
More information3 Astronomers first made measurements of distant galaxies using telescopes on the Earth.
3 Astronomers first made measurements of distant galaxies using telescopes on the Earth. 7 Accurate measurements of the distances were very difficult to make. Describe how astronomers measure distances
More informationastronomy A planet was viewed from Earth for several hours. The diagrams below represent the appearance of the planet at four different times.
astronomy 2008 1. A planet was viewed from Earth for several hours. The diagrams below represent the appearance of the planet at four different times. 5. If the distance between the Earth and the Sun were
More informationThe Moon s relationship with Earth The formation of the Moon The surface of the Moon Phases of the Moon Travelling to the Moon
The Moon The Moon s relationship with Earth The Moon orbits the Earth every 27.3 days. The tides on Earth are caused mostly by the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun. The Moon's gravitational pull
More information-Melissa Greenberg, Arielle Hoffman, Zachary Feldmann, Ryan Pozin, Elizabeth Weeks, Christopher Pesota, & Sara Pilcher
-Melissa Greenberg, Arielle Hoffman, Zachary Feldmann, Ryan Pozin, Elizabeth Weeks, Christopher Pesota, & Sara Pilcher Formation Overview All explanations as to how the solar system was formed are only
More informationOur Solar System and Its Place in the Universe
Our Solar System and Its Place in the Universe The Formation of the Solar System Our Solar System includes: Planets Dwarf Planets Moons Small Solar System bodies Sun Outer portion created Planets and their
More informationLesson 1 The Structure of the Solar System
Lesson 1 Student Labs and Activities Page Launch Lab 8 Content Vocabulary 9 Lesson Outline 10 MiniLab 12 Content Practice A 13 Content Practice B 14 School to Home 15 Key Concept Builders 16 Enrichment
More information1UNIT. The Universe. What do you remember? Key language. Content objectives
1UNIT The Universe What do you remember? What are the points of light in this photo? What is the difference between a star and a planet? a moon and a comet? Content objectives In this unit, you will Learn
More information13 - EXTRASOLAR PLANETS
NSCI 314 LIFE IN THE COSMOS 13 - EXTRASOLAR PLANETS Dr. Karen Kolehmainen Department of Physics, CSUSB http://physics.csusb.edu/~karen/ EXTRASOLAR PLANETS? DO PLANETS ORBIT AROUND OTHER STARS? WE WOULD
More information4 HOW OUR SOLAR SYSTEM FORMED 750L
4 HOW OUR SOLAR SYSTEM FORMED 750L HOW OUR SOLAR SYSTEM FORMED A CLOSE LOOK AT THE PLANETS ORBITING OUR SUN By Cynthia Stokes Brown, adapted by Newsela Planets come from the clouds of gas and dust that
More informationHow Our Solar System Formed: A Close Look at the Planets Orbiting Our Sun
How Our Solar System Formed: A Close Look at the Planets Orbiting Our Sun By Cynthia Stokes Brown, Big History Project, adapted by Newsela staff on 06.15.16 Word Count 1,730 TOP: Illustration of a fledging
More informationUnit 6 Lesson 4 What Are the Planets in Our Solar System? Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 6 Lesson 4 What Are the Planets in Our Solar System? What other objects are near Earth in this part of space? Earth and millions of other objects make up our solar system. In Our Corner of Space A
More informationChapter 15 The Formation of Planetary Systems
Chapter 15 The Formation of Planetary Systems Units of Chapter 15 15.1 Modeling Planet Formation 15.2 Formation of the Solar System 15.3 Terrestrial and Jovian Planets 15.4 Interplanetary Debris 15.5 Solar
More information1 A Solar System Is Born
CHAPTER 16 1 A Solar System Is Born SECTION Our Solar System California Science Standards 8.2.g, 8.4.b, 8.4.c, 8.4.d BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions:
More informationPlanets: Name Distance from Sun Satellites Year Day Mercury 0.4AU yr 60 days Venus yr 243 days* Earth 1 1 yr 1 day Mars 1.
The Solar System (Ch. 6 in text) We will skip from Ch. 6 to Ch. 15, only a survey of the solar system, the discovery of extrasolar planets (in more detail than the textbook), and the formation of planetary
More informationDoppler Technique Measuring a star's Doppler shift can tell us its motion toward and away from us.
Doppler Technique Measuring a star's Doppler shift can tell us its motion toward and away from us. Current techniques can measure motions as small as 1 m/s (walking speed!). Sun motion due to: Jupiter:
More informationPatterns in the Solar System (Chapter 18)
GEOLOGY 306 Laboratory Instructor: TERRY J. BOROUGHS NAME: Patterns in the Solar System (Chapter 18) For this assignment you will require: a calculator, colored pencils, a metric ruler, and meter stick.
More informationAstronomy 101 Lab: Hunt for Alien Worlds
Name: Astronomy 101 Lab: Hunt for Alien Worlds Be prepared to make calculations in today s lab. Laptops will also be used for part of the lab, but you aren t required to bring your own. Pre-Lab Assignment:
More informationThe formation & evolution of solar systems
The formation & evolution of solar systems Content expectations Birth of the Solar System What did the material that eventually became the Sun and planets look like originally? Interstellar clouds like
More informationClassifying the Solar System
Name Classifying the Solar System Introduction Scientists classify planets in many different ways. Today you work for NASA and will use information you gather from the Solar System Data Sheet and other
More information8. Solar System Origins
8. Solar System Origins Chemical composition of the galaxy The solar nebula Planetary accretion Extrasolar planets Our Galaxy s Chemical Composition es Big Bang produced hydrogen & helium Stellar processes
More informationChapter 2 Study Guide
Write the term that matches each definition: Chapter 2 Study Guide Terms: gas giants solar system moons satellite geocentric model trajectory Big Bang Theory diameter dense heliocentric model theory terrestrial
More informationPlanets Around Other Stars Extrasolar Planet Detection Methods. February, 2006
Planets Around Other Stars Extrasolar Planet Detection Methods February, 2006 Distribution of this File Extrasolar_planet_detection.ppt This Powerpoint presentation was put together for the purpose of
More informationA supernova is the explosion of a star. It is the largest explosion that takes place in space.
What is a supernova? By NASA, adapted by Newsela staff on 03.28.17 Word Count 974 Level 1110L TOP: A vivid view of a supernova remnant captured by NASA's Spitzer and Chandra space observatories and the
More informationIt Might Be a Planet If...
It Might Be a Planet If... What is a planet? Until recently, there was no exact definition. There were historically six planets. Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto were discovered after the invention of the telescope.
More informationUnit 2 Lesson 1 What Objects Are Part of the Solar System? Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 2 Lesson 1 What Objects Are Part of the Solar System? Florida Benchmarks SC.5.E.5.2 Recognize the major common characteristics of all planets and compare/contrast the properties of inner and outer
More informationAstronomy 1. 10/17/17 - NASA JPL field trip 10/17/17 - LA Griffith Observatory field trip
Astronomy 1 10/17/17 - NASA JPL field trip 10/17/17 - LA Griffith Observatory field trip CH 1 Here and NOW Where do we fit in the Universe? How-small-we-really-are-in-this-universe Start here: The figure
More informationWhen you have completed this workbook, you should know and understand the following:
Name When you have completed this workbook, you should know and understand the following: Standard Description Passed SciBer Text III.1.a III.1.b. Understand and correctly use unit vocabulary. List the
More informationChapter 15 & 16 Science Review (PATTERNS IN THE SKY, OUR SOLAR SYSTEM)
Chapter 15 & 16 Science Review (PATTERNS IN THE SKY, OUR SOLAR SYSTEM) The Milky Way the galaxy that contains our solar system Our solar system is a speck in the Milky Way galaxy Pluto is now considered
More informationWhat is it like? When did it form? How did it form. The Solar System. Fall, 2005 Astronomy 110 1
What is it like? When did it form? How did it form The Solar System Fall, 2005 Astronomy 110 1 Fall, 2005 Astronomy 110 2 The planets all orbit the sun in the same direction. The Sun spins in the same
More informationAstronomy 1140 Quiz 4 Review
Astronomy 1140 Quiz 4 Review Anil Pradhan December 6, 2016 I The Outer Planets in General 1. How do the sizes, masses and densities of the outer planets compare with the inner planets? The outer planets
More informationPlanet Power. Of all the objects in our solar system, eight match these requirements: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, & Neptune
Everyone knows that a planet is something that orbits the sun, right? Well, it is not that simple. In August 2006, scientists officially defined a planet as something that: 1. orbits the sun, not around
More informationIII The properties of extrasolar planets
III The properties of extrasolar planets (as of early 2016) http://sgoodwin.staff.shef.ac.uk/phy229.html 3.0 Introduction This lecture will discuss what we have found so far. It is important to remember
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Chapter 4 - Group Homework Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Density is defined as A) mass times weight. B) mass per unit volume.
More informationBeyond the Book. FOCUS Book
FOCUS Book At the bottom of page 4 is an example of a transit graph. A transit graph shows changes in the brightness of a star s light as a planet crosses in front of the star as seen from Earth. Suppose
More informationChapter 13 Lecture. The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. Other Planetary Systems: The New Science of Distant Worlds Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 13 Lecture The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition Other Planetary Systems: The New Science of Distant Worlds 13.1 Detecting Planets Around Other Stars Our goals for learning: Why is it so challenging
More informationThe Universe and Galaxies
The Universe and Galaxies 16.1 http://dingo.care-mail.com/cards/flash/5409/galaxy.swf Universe The sum of all matter and energy that exists, that has ever existed, and that will ever exist. We will focus
More informationAstronomy (Geology 360, Physics 360) take-home test. There is no class on Monday March 16th
Astronomy (Geology 360, Physics 360) take-home test. Reminder: Test must be answered on a ScanTron sheet. Be sure to use a No. 2 pencil. Be sure to "bubble in" your name and Student ID on the ScanTron
More informationSearching for Other Worlds
Searching for Other Worlds Lecture 32 1 In-Class Question What is the Greenhouse effect? a) Optical light from the Sun is reflected into space while infrared light passes through the atmosphere and heats
More informationAstronomy. physics.wm.edu/~hancock/171/ A. Dayle Hancock. Small 239. Office hours: MTWR 10-11am
Astronomy A. Dayle Hancock adhancock@wm.edu Small 239 Office hours: MTWR 10-11am Planetology II Key characteristics Chemical elements and planet size Radioactive dating Solar system formation Solar nebula
More informationBeyond the Book. FOCUS Book
FOCUS Book Use graph paper to make two maps. One map should show the, the eight planets, and the Kuiper Belt. The second map should show the entire solar system, including the distance between the Kuiper
More informationRead each slide then use the red or some underlined words to complete the organizer.
Read each slide then use the red or some underlined words to complete the organizer. 1B Did it start as a bang! 1B The Expanding Universe A. The Big Bang Theory: Idea that all matter began in an infinitely
More informationASTRO 114 Lecture We re gonna finish up our discussion of the solar system today and we re gonna
ASTRO 114 Lecture 29 1 We re gonna finish up our discussion of the solar system today and we re gonna actually talk a little bit about other solar systems. A couple of points I wanted to make before we
More informationExtrasolar Planets. Today. Dwarf Planets. Extrasolar Planets. Next week. Review Tuesday. Exam Thursday. also, Homework 6 Due
Extrasolar Planets Today Dwarf Planets Extrasolar Planets Next week Review Tuesday Exam Thursday also, Homework 6 Due will count best 5 of 6 homeworks 2007 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson
More informationChapter 26. Objectives. Describe characteristics of the universe in terms of time, distance, and organization
Objectives Describe characteristics of the universe in terms of time, distance, and organization Identify the visible and nonvisible parts of the electromagnetic spectrum Compare refracting telescopes
More informationFormation of the Solar System. What We Know. What We Know
Formation of the Solar System Many of the characteristics of the planets we discussed last week are a direct result of how the Solar System formed Until recently, theories for solar system formation were
More informationAttendance Quiz. Are you here today? (a) yes (b) no (c) Captain, the sensors indicate a class M planet orbiting this star. Here!
Extrasolar Planets Attendance Quiz Are you here today? Here! (a) yes (b) no (c) Captain, the sensors indicate a class M planet orbiting this star Guest Lectures Thursday, May 4 Life in the Zooniverse:
More informationUnit 12 Lesson 1 What Objects Are Part of the Solar System?
Unit 12 Lesson 1 What Objects Are Part of the Solar System? The Solar System Earth, other planets, and the moon are part of a solar system. A solar system is made up of a star and the planets and other
More informationGalaxies: enormous collections of gases, dust and stars held together by gravity Our galaxy is called the milky way
Celestial bodies are all of the natural objects in space ex. stars moons, planets, comets etc. Star: celestial body of hot gas that gives off light and heat the closest star to earth is the sun Planet:
More informationLarge and small planets
Large and small planets Journey through the Solar System C 41 time 50 minutes. Preparation For the activity Planets show the planets under each other on the board, as shown in the table. learning outcomes
More informationSun Mercury Venus. Earth Mars Jupiter
Sun Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Venus is the hottest planet in our solar system. The thick clouds on Venus hold the heat in. The sun s lights reflect off Venus s clouds making it look like the brightest
More informationStern/March 09. Century. Alan Stern
Planet Categorization & Planetary Science: Coming of Age in the 21 st Stern/March 09 Century Alan Stern Nicolaus Copernicus 1473-1543 Stern/March 09 AAS Meeting, 1930 Our Solar System Before 1930: A Tidy
More informationAstronomy A BEGINNER S GUIDE TO THE UNIVERSE EIGHTH EDITION
Astronomy A BEGINNER S GUIDE TO THE UNIVERSE EIGHTH EDITION CHAPTER 4 The Solar System Lecture Presentation 4.0 What can be seen with the naked eye? Early astronomers knew about the Sun, Moon, stars, Mercury,
More informationRING DISCOVERED AROUND DWARF PLANET
RING DISCOVERED AROUND DWARF PLANET Haumea, a dwarf planet in the Kuiper Belt was just found to have a ring. Why? Hint: what causes the Jovian planet rings? Artist's conception, not a real photo RING DISCOVERED
More informationSun Size. Our Galaxy. Sun Location. The Solar System The hottest chapter yet. 7 th Grade Solar System
Sun Size The Solar System The hottest chapter yet Wow! Hard to imagine that is smaller than a lot of other stars! The sun is a MEDIUM sized star The diameter of the sun is approximately 1.39 x 10 6 km
More informationWhat's Up In Space? In the Center. Around the Sun. Around Earth. Space Facts! Places in Space
Non-fiction: What's Up In Space? What's Up In Space? Places in Space Space is an exciting place! Our solar system is in space. It is made up of the sun and the eight planets that travel around the sun.
More informationProbing the Galactic Planetary Census
Probing the Galactic Planetary Census Greg Laughlin -- UCSC Astronomy Exoplanet News from the AAS meeting (New York Times) The finding was called exciting by Dr. Kenneth Franklin of the American Museum-Hayden
More informationLEARNING ABOUT THE OUTER PLANETS. NASA's Cassini spacecraft. Io Above Jupiter s Clouds on New Year's Day, Credit: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona
LEARNING ABOUT THE OUTER PLANETS Can see basic features through Earth-based telescopes. Hubble Space Telescope especially useful because of sharp imaging. Distances from Kepler s 3 rd law, diameters from
More information9.2 - Our Solar System
9.2 - Our Solar System Scientists describe our solar system as the Sun and all the planets and other celestial objects, such as moons, comets, and asteroids, that are held by the Sun s gravity and orbit
More informationLecture 25: The Outer Planets
Lecture 25: The Outer Planets Neptune Uranus Pluto/Charon Uranus and three moons Neptune and two moons 1 The Outer Planets Uranus Discovered by William Herschel in 1781, who realized that this extended
More informationUnderstanding the Universe S TA R T ING WITH EARTH A ND B E YO ND
Unit Overview: Understanding the Universe S TA R T ING WITH EARTH A ND B E YO ND Our solar system examining size and scale in space 6.11B UNDERSTAND THAT GRAVITY IS THE FORCE THAT GOVERNS MOTION IN OUR
More informationCST Prep- 8 th Grade Astronomy
CST Prep- 8 th Grade Astronomy Chapter 15 (Part 1) 1. The theory of how the universe was created is called the 2. Which equation states that matter and energy are interchangeable? 3. All matter in the
More informationAstronomy 210 Midterm #2
Astronomy 210 Midterm #2 This Class (Lecture 27): Birth of the Solar System II Next Class: Exam!!!! 2 nd Hour Exam on Friday!!! Review Session on Thursday 12-1:30 in room 236 Solar Observing starts on
More information