IAG. Laerte Sodré Jr. Departamento de Astronomia Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas Universidade de São Paulo
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1 IAG Laerte Sodré Jr. Departamento de Astronomia Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas Universidade de São Paulo FAPESP-NWO Workshop for Advanced Instrumentation for Astronomy March 16th, 2015
2 IAG: Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas TEACHERS: 71 (+6) Departments: UNDERGRADUATES: 360 Astronomy GRADUATES: 210 Geophysics POSTDOCS: 60 Atmospheric Sciences Good CAPES grades! >1000 PhD and MSc! ASTRONOMY GEOPHYSICS ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES TEACHERS: 33 (+4) TEACHERS: 20 (+2) TEACHERS: 18 UNDERGRADUATES: 60 UNDERGRADUATES: 190 UNDERGRADUATES: 110 GRADUATES: 90 GRADUATES: 60 GRADUATES: 60 POSTDOCS: 30 POSTDOCS: 10 POSTDOCS: 20 CAPES GRADE: 7 CAPES GRADE: 6 CAPES GRADE: 7 2 Administrative/technical staff: 140
3 Departamento de Astronomia Brief history: 1886, Geographical and Geological Commission of the State of São Paulo meteorological observations, Sun, terrestrial magnetism, legal hour & ephemerids Astronomy Department: 1972 Program of Graduate Sudies: 1973 the oldest still in activity in the country Some numbers: Teachers: Administrative/Technical staff: 13 Postdocs: 31 Graduate students: 90 Professional Master in Teaching of Astronomy: 2013 PhD: 42 Undergraduate studies in Astronomy: MSc: 23 program within the Physics course: 1997 PMA: 25 Undergraduate students: 60 Bachelor studies in Astronomy: 2009 first students finished in 2014! 3
4 Departamento de Astronomia research areas: Astrobiology some numbers for 2013: PhD: 5 MSc: 11 Solar System (Sun, planets, comets) Stars (chemical abundances, evolution, populations, binaries, variables) Papers: 80 Interstellar medium (nebulae, cold regions, star-forming regions) Papers and abstracts in Proceedings: 171 Extragalactic Astronomy (galaxies, groups, clusters, LSS, AGNs) Papers in Brazilian publications: 38 Cosmology Books: 3 Instrumentation Astrometry USP: + IF, EACH) Celestial Mechanics Numerical Astrophysics 4
5 Infra-structure SOAR Remote Observing Room Laboratories: optics, electronics, HPC Astroinformatic Lab High Performance Computing for > 150 users of several institutions 3 clusters: Alpha-Crucis: 2304 cores, 4.6 Tb of distributed memory UV100: 64 cores, 515 Gb of shared memory Gina: GPU cluster (experimental) Since 2012, > 50 papers, 10 PhD thesis,... 5
6 Brazilian Optical Astronomical Infrastructure Observatório do Pico dos Dias LNA- Laboratório Nacional de Astrofísica (first National Laboratory) Gemini Observatory (~6%) SOAR Telescope (30%) CFHT (16 nights/yr) GMT (4%, SP) ESO? pending ratification by the Congress +J-PAS, T80-S, PFS/SuMIRe 6
7 Optical Instrumentation in Brazil: a multi-institutional effort USP: science, management, engineering INPE: mechanical & optical design, integration, tests ON: science, management, software UFSC: software, simulations LNA: system engineering, management, optics, mechanic, metrology, electronics, integration... 7
8 Optical Instrumentation Initially instrumentation was developed for the OPD telescopes: rapid photometer, polarimetric camera, coronograph new era : with Gemini & SOAR telescopes, ~2000 SOAR: SIFIS, BTFI, STELES Gemini: PFS@Subaru (evolution of Gemini/WFMOS), gen#3 OPD: ECHARP, SPARC4 J-PAS (JPcam, T80Cam), South-Pol ESO: CUBES (VLT) GMT: GCLEF... Future projects: Mosaic (ELT-MOS)... 8
9 Instrumentation for SOAR SIFIS- SOAR Integral Field Unit Spectrograph (in commissioning) STELES- SOAR Telescope Echelle Spectrograph (in assembling) PI: Bruno Castilho (LNA) PI: B. Barbuy, J. Lépine, C. Gneiding (LNA) 9
10 Instrumentation for SOAR BTFI- Brazilian Tunable Filter Imager (in commissioning) PI: Cláudia Mendes de Oliveira (IAG) two modes: ibtf (tunable filter) Low resolution mode: 5 < R < 4,000 dual Fabry-Perot High resolution mode: 600 < R < 35,000 10
11 11 PI: Cláudia Vilega Rodrigues (INPE)
12 Projects with ESO CUBES: Cassegrain Ultraviolet Brazil-ESO Spectrograph PI: Beatriz Barbuy (IAG) MOSAIC: ELT MOS for Astrophysics, IGM and Cosmology Project for the VLT in Conceptual Design R=20,000 (13,000) nm; (goal: nm) Science: metal-poor stars, dwarf galaxies (C,N,O, Be, heavy-elements) White dwarfs, PN, symbiotics, novae, comets, ISM, AGN, QSO absorption lines NH 3360, OH : unique! only measurable lines in very metal-poor turnoff stars! 12
13 J-PAS Javalambre Physics of the Accelerating Universe Astrophysical Survey j-pas.org arxiv: Collaboration between Brazil and Spain Javalambre Astrophysical Observatory (JAO): two telescopes: 2.5m & 80cm managed by CEFCA- Centro de Estudios de Física del Cosmos de Aragón, in Teruel, Spain Photometric survey of ~8500 sq. deg. to i~22 Photometric system with 59 filters (54 narrow band, 5 broad band) System designed to obtain photo-z for more than 100 million LRGs (Luminous Red Galaxies) up to z~1 with accuracy of ~0.003(1+z) 13
14 JPCam: a mosaic of 14 CCDs (2nd largest astronomical camera!) T80Cam 14
15 J-PAS Science Main target: the nature of Dark Energy through measurement of the BAO scale up to z~1 Accuracy of ~0.003(1+z) up to z~1 for LRGs (~10x better than SDSS): to measure radial BAOs! DE science: BAOs, galaxy clusters, gravitational lensing, RSDs Large scope of science: asteroids, stars, supernovae, galaxies, clusters, cosmology... J-PAS photometry ~ low resolution spectrum (R~40-60) for each pixel in the sky up to 23 mag arcsec-2! SN Ia New window: All-sky IFU! Potential for new discoveries! distribution of stellar population properties within galaxies: 15
16 A-PLUS / T80-N + T80-S All Sky Photometric Local Universe Survey Motivation: Survey with two telescopes in two hemispheres: T80-N (@JAO) and T80-S (@Cerro Tololo) Photometric calibration for J-PAS Test of J-PAS scientific and technical management systems 12 filters: SDSS griz + 8 narrow/intermediate band filters Survey area: 5000 sq. deg. ~3 years, starting in 2015B Science: from asteroids to distant quasars 16
17 SOUTH POL: polarimetry in the bright nights with T80-S PI: Antonio Mario Magalhães (IAG) Optical polarimetric survey of the Southern sky with T80-S Goal: polarimetric accuracy of 0.1% at V~15-16 δ < -15; two-year survey Science: Galactic polarization for CMB studies; magnetic field away from the Galactic plane; magnetic field of interacting systems (e.g. Magelanic Clouds) FERMI source identification GRBs, Blazars, SNe, YSOs, WDs Asteroids... 17
18 PFS/SuMIRe Prime Focus Spectrograph for the Subaru Measurement of Images and Redshifts survey PI: Hitoshi Murayama Kavli IPMU (U. Tokyo) Survey epoch: Spectrograph for the Subaru Telescope: 2400 optical fibers within a FOV of 1.3 deg diameter Spectral coverage: microns, R ~ Brazil (USP+LNA): optical fiber subsystem 18
19 PFS/SuMIRe Prime Focus Spectrograph for the Subaru Measurement of Images and Redshifts survey Science: 0.8 < z < 2.4 (9.3 h-3 Gpc3) Cosmological distances with accuracy of 3%; structure growth with 6% Local Cosmology: Milky Way & Andromeda history through the observation of ~106 stars Chemo-dynamical evolution and dark matter in Local Group dwarf galaxies Galaxy populations and 1<z<2 Lyman break & Lyman alpha 3<z<7: glimpses on reionization Takada et al., 2014 arxiv:
20 New projects in observational astropysics at IAG GMT: Giant Magellan Telescope LLAMA: Large Latin-America Array CTA mini-array 20
21 Challenges: We are deeply involved with several projects of high scope, with large scientific and technological potential How to maximize the scientific and technological return for all Astronomy in São Paulo? We have an enormous opportunity! We need people: post-docs, senior scientists, engineers We need labs for instrumentation that promotes innovation We need to use this opportunity to improve the scientific culture of our students and of the society as a whole We need to engage our community in a Plan to take advantage of this opportunity for the Astronomy in São Paulo 21
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