Decadal variability in the Earth s reflectance as observed by Earthshine Enric Pallé
|
|
- Stewart Boyd
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Decadal variability in the Earth s reflectance as observed by Earthshine Enric Pallé Big Bear Solar Observatory, NJIT
2 The albedo sets the input to the climate heat engine P in = Cπ R 2 E (1 A); Solar constant Albedo P out = 4π R 2 E σ εt 4 ; T 4 = C (1 4σε A); A ~ 0.30
3 The Solar Constant We have measured the solar irradiance from space and we also have tried to reconstruct it for past times. Solar Irradiance changes can not explain the earth s temperature variability without the help of stretching factors (amplification) Is the mechanism(s) indirect? EUV Cosmic rays Others?
4 The climate is sensitive to A The average energy input from the sun is C(1-A)/4 = 240 W/m 2 Changing A by 0.01 changes this by 3.4 W/m 2 This is climatologically significant All anthropogenic greenhouse gases over last 150 years result in 2.4 W/m 2 Doubling CO 2 results in about twice this amount Linearization of the power balance (absent feedbacks) gives dt / da ~ -1.5K / 0.01
5 The earth s albedo is highly variable Local albedo depends upon: Surface type Meteorology (clouds) Solar zenith angle (time of day) Clear Overcast Land Ocean Desert 0.23 Snow 0.68 The global albedo varies with the seasons North/South land asymmetry Snow/ice cover Cloud patterns
6 The Earthshine Project: Photometry goals The Moon enables us to monitor one aspect of climate change, the earth s reflectance Observe earthshine to determine absolutely calibrated, large-scale, high-precision measurements of the earth s reflectance Look for secular, seasonal and long-term variations in the albedo (like over a solar cycle) Transient phenomena like El Niño or volcanic eruptions Simulate the observational results Compare with observations Calibrate treatment of cloud cover
7 Earthshine measurements of the Earth s large-scale reflectance The Earthshine is the ghostly glow on the dark side of the Moon Origin of Earthshine first explained by Leonardo da Vinci First measured by Danjon beginning in and by Dubois ES/MS = albedo (+ geometry and moon properties) Waning / morning
8 ( ) 1 (0) 2 Ω f R f p d d e e e β σ ( ) β β β π σ π π d f p R A e e e sin 2 = = a ( ) ( ) ( ) = ms es e em a a b b b b a a e e R R R R f p f p T I T I f p θ θ β θ=π β Geometry Lunar reflectivities θ 0 ~ 1 o Zero-airmass intensities ( ) ( ) [ ] ( ) ( ) π β β β π β β β sin cos 2.5log ; 2 3 * * * + = L L e e f A A f f p A β R em b R e A* p* for historical reasons
9 The Effective and Bond Albedos On any one night, we measure p *, the effective (or apparent) albedo (1 direction). (different Sun-Earth-Moon reflection angle) To obtain the Bond albedo, A, we integrate over all phases of the moon at monthly/yearly time scales 2 A = p * f L ( θ )sin( θ ) dθ 3
10 Coverage during one night 15/10/99 Phase = -116 Evening In the sunlight & Visible from the Moon 04/09/99 Phase = +110 Morning
11 Morning obs /Waning Moon Evening obs /Waxing Moon
12 Modeling hourly variations Cloudy Asia Dark Arabian Sea North America Dark Atlantic Temporal offset due to cloud cover posting interval (12 hours)??
13 Changes in the Earth s albedo over the last 20 years Earthshine Observations: December 1998 present ISCCP data June 1983 September 2001 (to be updated) International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) provides ~100 daily cloud variables on a (280 km) 2 grid For each observation, calculate double-projected (E-S and E-M) area average of these variables Regress observed A* anomaly against the most significant of these This allows us to reconstruct the earth s albedo as seen from BBSO since 1983
14 Multiple regression on p* Common period December 1998 September 2001 Regress On: cloud cover optical thickness surface reflectance
15 Earth s albedo Albedo Effective Ground-level solar Irradiance And we are not alone: tropical satellite data OLR and SW
16 The proxy implications Confidence in our results based on: earthshine data agreement Positive/negative phases are similar Scrambling the data in mock reconstructions time/space support the trend Variation is large Albedo change is 6 W/m 2 ; GHG up to now is 2.4 W/m 2 Equivalent to 2% increase in solar irradiance, a factor 20!! the typical maxima to minima variations (0.3 W/m 2 ) Reversibility suggests natural variations. GCM do not show such variations What is the climatic impact? Recent warming acceleration?
17 Not so surprising Although A does not only depend on mean cloud amount..isccp data show reduction in cloud amount Source: ISCCP web site
18 The ES results are not inconsistent with satellite observations Radiation anomalies within ± 20 o of the Equator B. Wielicki et al., Science p. 841, v. 295 (2002)
19 Coverage of multiple stations 2 nd Station now operating in Crimea; 3 rd ready to go to Yunnan Canary Islands optimal complement to BBSO Prototype robotic telescope under construction for 8-station network
20 Coverage with simultaneous observations Four station simulation
21 Earthshine Spectroscopy
22 Earth s spectral albedo for 2004/11/19 Montañés Rodriguez et al. (in prep.) Rayleigh Scattering Chappuis Ozone band B-O 2 A-O 2 Atmospheric Water vapor
23 Summary ES is a viable way to monitor the climate system on large scales and over long times By combining ES and ISCCP data, we have a 20-year record of the earth s SW reflectance that Shows surprising interannual coherence and a large decadal variability that is likely natural (why??) Is not reproduced by current models Continued observations with a global network are warranted Visible and near-ir spectroscopic observations of ES are being analysed Are these changes due to GHGs?. No Are these changes solar?. humm!! Are they natural variability?.. probably
24 The End
25 Some references Pallé E, Goode P.R., Montañes-Rodriguez P., Koonin S.E., Changes in Earth s reflectance over the past two decades, Science, May 28 th issue (2004). Qiu J., Goode PR, Pallé E, Yurchyshyn V, Hickey J, Montañes- Rodriguez P., Chug MC, Kolbe E, Brown CT, Koonin SE, Earthshine and the Earth s albedo 1.: Precise and large-scale nightly measurements, Journal Geophysical Research, 108(D22), 4709, doi: /2003JD (2003). Pallé E, Goode PR, Qiu J, Yurchyshyn V, Hickey J, Montañes- Rodriguez P., Chu MC, Kolbe E, Brown CT, Koonin SE, Earthshine and the Earth s albedo 2.: Observations and simulations over 3 years, Journal Geophysical Research, 108(D22), 4710, doi: /2003JD (2003). Goode PR, Qiu J, Yurchyshyn V, Hickey J, Chu MC, Kolbe E, Brown CT, Koonin SE, Geophysical Research Letters 28, 1671 (2001). MacDonald, GJ and Koonin, SE, Earthshine and Climate, The Observatory, 112, 59 (1992).
26 The global Earth is not too green 60% of Earth is covered by clouds at any time For 2003/11/19: 10:30 UT 13:00 UT Oceans 79% 71% Snow/ice 8% 11% Land 13% 18% Vegetation 9% 14% Unobstructed by clouds 5% 8%
27 Regression against ISCCP degree lunar phase bins ±(65-135) 310 nights 1999-mid 2001 r = 0.6; P << Coefficients vary smoothly with lunar phase
28 Cloud/Radiation changes this century ISCCP Solar Surface radiation (global dimming) Sunshine records Synoptic cloud observations Earthshine
29 Comparison with photometric albedos and models for one night Montañés Rodriguez et al. (in preparation)
The Sun s Role in Climate Change. Philip R. Goode Big Bear Solar Observatory Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research New Jersey Institute of Technology
The Sun s Role in Climate Change Philip R. Goode Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research New Jersey Institute of Technology Changes in Earth s Climate In the most basic sense, it depends on changes in The
More informationInter-annual variations in Earth s reflectance
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL., NO., PAGES 1 21, Inter-annual variations in Earth s reflectance 1999-2007. E. Pallé 1, P.R. Goode 2, P. Montañés-Rodríguez 1 Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias,
More informationVariability in Global Top-of-Atmosphere Shortwave Radiation Between 2000 And 2005
Variability in Global Top-of-Atmosphere Shortwave Radiation Between 2000 And 2005 Norman G. Loeb NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, VA Collaborators: B.A. Wielicki, F.G. Rose, D.R. Doelling February
More informationEarthshine and the Earth s albedo: 2. Observations and simulations over 3 years
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 108, NO. D22, 4710, doi:10.1029/2003jd003611, 2003 Earthshine and the Earth s albedo: 2. Observations and simulations over 3 years E. Pallé, 1 P. R. Goode, 1,2 V.
More informationChanges in Earth s Albedo Measured by satellite
Changes in Earth s Albedo Measured by satellite Bruce A. Wielicki, Takmeng Wong, Norman Loeb, Patrick Minnis, Kory Priestley, Robert Kandel Presented by Yunsoo Choi Earth s albedo Earth s albedo The climate
More informationarxiv:astro-ph/ v1 4 May 2005
Globally integrated measurements of the Earth s visible spectral albedo P. Montañés-Rodriguez, E. Pallé and P.R. Goode Big Bear Solar Observatory, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102,
More informationGLOBALLY INTEGRATED MEASUREMENTS OF THE EARTH S VISIBLE SPECTRAL ALBEDO
The Astrophysical Journal, 629:1175 1182, 2005 August 20 Copyright is not claimed for this article. Printed in U.S.A. GLOBALLY INTEGRATED MEASUREMENTS OF THE EARTH S VISIBLE SPECTRAL ALBEDO P. Montañés-Rodriguez,
More informationThe Climatology of Clouds using surface observations. S.G. Warren and C.J. Hahn Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences.
The Climatology of Clouds using surface observations S.G. Warren and C.J. Hahn Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences Gill-Ran Jeong Cloud Climatology The time-averaged geographical distribution of cloud
More informationLecture 3. Background materials. Planetary radiative equilibrium TOA outgoing radiation = TOA incoming radiation Figure 3.1
Lecture 3. Changes in planetary albedo. Is there a clear signal caused by aerosols and clouds? Outline: 1. Background materials. 2. Papers for class discussion: Palle et al., Changes in Earth s reflectance
More informationThe Earthshine Project
The Earthshine Project Chris Flynn, Swinburne Peter Thejll, Danish Climate Centre Hans Gleisner, Remote sensing division, DMI Torben Andersen, Mette Owner Petersen, Institutionen för Astronomi, Lund. Leonardo
More informationEarth's transmission spectrum from lunar eclipse observations
Earth's transmission spectrum from lunar eclipse observations Pallé et al. 009, Nat. E. Palle, M.R. Zapatero-Osorio, R. Barrena, P. Montañes-Rodriguez, E. Martin, A. Garcia-Muñoz Nowadays we can monitor
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
Observing Methods Observations of the lunar eclipse of 2008 Aug 16 th were taken simultaneously with the near-infrared LIRIS and optical ALFOSC spectrographs attached to the William Herschel Telescope
More information1. The frequency of an electromagnetic wave is proportional to its wavelength. a. directly *b. inversely
CHAPTER 3 SOLAR AND TERRESTRIAL RADIATION MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. The frequency of an electromagnetic wave is proportional to its wavelength. a. directly *b. inversely 2. is the distance between successive
More informationOriginal (2010) Revised (2018)
Section 1: Why does Climate Matter? Section 1: Why does Climate Matter? y Global Warming: A Hot Topic y Data from diverse biological systems demonstrate the importance of temperature on performance across
More informationLunar Eclipse of June, 15, 2011: Three-color umbra surface photometry
Lunar Eclipse of June, 15, 2011: Three-color umbra surface photometry Oleg S. Ugolnikov 1, Igor A. Maslov 1,2, Stanislav A. Korotkiy 3 1 Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia 2
More informationWeather Forecasts and Climate AOSC 200 Tim Canty. Class Web Site: Lecture 27 Dec
Weather Forecasts and Climate AOSC 200 Tim Canty Class Web Site: http://www.atmos.umd.edu/~tcanty/aosc200 Topics for today: Climate Natural Variations Feedback Mechanisms Lecture 27 Dec 4 2018 1 Climate
More informationarxiv:astro-ph/ v1 20 Oct 2005
Direct Imaging of Exoplanets: Science and Techniques Proceedings IAU Colloquium No. 200, 2005 Claude Aime, Farrokh Vakili c 2005 International Astronomical Union DOI: 00.0000/X000000000000000X Near-UV
More informationEnergy Systems, Structures and Processes Essential Standard: Analyze patterns of global climate change over time Learning Objective: Differentiate
Energy Systems, Structures and Processes Essential Standard: Analyze patterns of global climate change over time Learning Objective: Differentiate between weather and climate Global Climate Focus Question
More informationEFFECTS OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT SOLAR RADIATION PRESSURE IN ORBITAL PARAMETERS OF GPS SATELITTES
DOI: 10.2478/auom-2014-0039 An. Şt. Univ. Ovidius Constanţa Vol. 22(2),2014, 141 150 EFFECTS OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT SOLAR RADIATION PRESSURE IN ORBITAL PARAMETERS OF GPS SATELITTES Sergiu Lupu and Eugen
More informationAPPLICATIONS WITH METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITES. W. Paul Menzel. Office of Research and Applications NOAA/NESDIS University of Wisconsin Madison, WI
APPLICATIONS WITH METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITES by W. Paul Menzel Office of Research and Applications NOAA/NESDIS University of Wisconsin Madison, WI July 2004 Unpublished Work Copyright Pending TABLE OF CONTENTS
More informationThursday, November 1st.
Thursday, November 1st. Announcements. Homework 7 - due Tuesday, Nov. 6 Homework 8 - paper 2 topics, questions and sources due Tuesday, Nov. 13 Midterm Paper 2 - due Tuesday, Nov. 20 I will hand out a
More informationInfluence of Clouds and Aerosols on the Earth s Radiation Budget Using Clouds and the Earth s Radiant Energy System (CERES) Measurements
Influence of Clouds and Aerosols on the Earth s Radiation Budget Using Clouds and the Earth s Radiant Energy System (CERES) Measurements Norman G. Loeb Hampton University/NASA Langley Research Center Bruce
More informationUnderstanding the Greenhouse Effect
EESC V2100 The Climate System spring 200 Understanding the Greenhouse Effect Yochanan Kushnir Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University Palisades, NY 1096, USA kushnir@ldeo.columbia.edu Equilibrium
More informationJOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 108, NO. D22, 4709, doi: /2003jd003610, 2003
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 108, NO. D22, 4709, doi:10.1029/2003jd003610, 2003 Earthshine and the Earth s albedo: 1. Earthshine observations and measurements of the lunar phase function for accurate
More informationSolar Insolation and Earth Radiation Budget Measurements
Week 13: November 19-23 Solar Insolation and Earth Radiation Budget Measurements Topics: 1. Daily solar insolation calculations 2. Orbital variations effect on insolation 3. Total solar irradiance measurements
More informationClimate Change: Global Warming Claims
Climate Change: Global Warming Claims Background information (from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change): The climate system is a complex, interactive system consisting of the atmosphere, land surface,
More informationWhich Climate Model is Best?
Which Climate Model is Best? Ben Santer Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550 Adapting for an Uncertain Climate: Preparing
More informationClimate models. René D. Garreaud. Departement of Geophysics Universidad de Chile
Climate models René D. Garreaud Departement of Geophysics Universidad de Chile www.dgf.uchile.cl/rene My first toy model A system of coupled, non-linear algebraic equations X (t) = A X (t-1) Y (t) B Z
More informationP1.34 MULTISEASONALVALIDATION OF GOES-BASED INSOLATION ESTIMATES. Jason A. Otkin*, Martha C. Anderson*, and John R. Mecikalski #
P1.34 MULTISEASONALVALIDATION OF GOES-BASED INSOLATION ESTIMATES Jason A. Otkin*, Martha C. Anderson*, and John R. Mecikalski # *Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, University of
More informationLecture 10: Climate Sensitivity and Feedback
Lecture 10: Climate Sensitivity and Feedback Human Activities Climate Sensitivity Climate Feedback 1 Climate Sensitivity and Feedback (from Earth s Climate: Past and Future) 2 Definition and Mathematic
More informationInterannual Variations of Arctic Cloud Types:
Interannual Variations of Arctic Cloud Types: Relationships with Sea Ice and Surface Temperature Ryan Eastman Stephen Warren University of Washington Department of Atmospheric Sciences Changes in Arctic
More informationXV. Understanding recent climate variability
XV. Understanding recent climate variability review temperature from thermometers, satellites, glacier lengths and boreholes all show significant warming in the 2th C+ reconstruction of past temperatures
More informationNorthern New England Climate: Past, Present, and Future. Basic Concepts
Northern New England Climate: Past, Present, and Future Basic Concepts Weather instantaneous or synoptic measurements Climate time / space average Weather - the state of the air and atmosphere at a particular
More informationTRENDS IN DIRECT NORMAL SOLAR IRRADIANCE IN OREGON FROM
TRENDS IN DIRECT NORMAL SOLAR IRRADIANCE IN OREGON FROM 1979-200 Laura Riihimaki Frank Vignola Department of Physics University of Oregon Eugene, OR 970 lriihim1@uoregon.edu fev@uoregon.edu ABSTRACT To
More informationRecent Climate History - The Instrumental Era.
2002 Recent Climate History - The Instrumental Era. Figure 1. Reconstructed surface temperature record. Strong warming in the first and late part of the century. El Ninos and major volcanic eruptions are
More informationRadiative Climatology of the North Slope of Alaska and the Adjacent Arctic Ocean
Radiative Climatology of the North Slope of Alaska and the Adjacent Arctic Ocean C. Marty, R. Storvold, and X. Xiong Geophysical Institute University of Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska K. H. Stamnes Stevens Institute
More informationExternally forced and internal variability in multi-decadal climate evolution
Externally forced and internal variability in multi-decadal climate evolution During the last 150 years, the increasing atmospheric concentration of anthropogenic greenhouse gases has been the main driver
More informationCLIMATE CHANGE Albedo Forcing ALBEDO FORCING
ALBEDO FORCING Albedo forcing is the hypothesis that variations in the Earth s reflectance of solar radiation can bring about global climate change. This hypothesis is undeniable in principle; since virtually
More informationMonday 9 September, :30-11:30 Class#03
Monday 9 September, 2013 10:30-11:30 Class#03 Topics for the hour Solar zenith angle & relationship to albedo Blackbody spectra Stefan-Boltzman Relationship Layer model of atmosphere OLR, Outgoing longwave
More informationClimate 1: The Climate System
Climate 1: The Climate System Prof. Franco Prodi Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate National Research Council Via P. Gobetti, 101 40129 BOLOGNA SIF, School of Energy, Varenna, July 2014 CLIMATE
More informationATM S 111: Global Warming Solar Radiation. Jennifer Fletcher Day 2: June
ATM S 111: Global Warming Solar Radiation Jennifer Fletcher Day 2: June 22 2010 Yesterday We Asked What factors influence climate at a given place? Sunshine (and latitude) Topography/mountains Proximity
More informationWhat are Aerosols? Suspension of very small solid particles or liquid droplets Radii typically in the range of 10nm to
What are Aerosols? Suspension of very small solid particles or liquid droplets Radii typically in the range of 10nm to 10µm Concentrations decrease exponentially with height N(z) = N(0)exp(-z/H) Long-lived
More information2. Fargo, North Dakota receives more snow than Charleston, South Carolina.
2015 National Tournament Division B Meteorology Section 1: Weather versus Climate Chose the answer that best answers the question 1. The sky is partly cloudy this morning in Lincoln, Nebraska. 2. Fargo,
More informationOverview Total Irradiance SORCE/TIM observations and database variability components, models, comparisons Spectral Irradiance
Comparison of Solar Irradiance Variability Models with SORCE Observations Judith Lean 1, Jerald Harder 2, Greg Kopp 2 1. Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC 2. LASP, University
More informationPMIP3/CMIP5 Last Millennium Model Simulation Effort
PMIP3/CMIP5 Last Millennium Model Simulation Effort Bette Otto-Bliesner and Steven Phipps National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado University of New South Wales, Sydney Outline Background
More informationMajor climate change triggers
Major climate change triggers Variations in solar output Milankovitch cycles Elevation & distribution of continents Ocean interactions Atmospheric composition change (CO 2 and other volcanic gasses) Biological
More informationClimate Dynamics (PCC 587): Feedbacks & Clouds
Climate Dynamics (PCC 587): Feedbacks & Clouds DARGAN M. W. FRIERSON UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON, DEPARTMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES DAY 6: 10-14-13 Feedbacks Climate forcings change global temperatures directly
More informationHistory of Earth Radiation Budget Measurements With results from a recent assessment
History of Earth Radiation Budget Measurements With results from a recent assessment Ehrhard Raschke and Stefan Kinne Institute of Meteorology, University Hamburg MPI Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany Centenary
More informationSurface total solar radiation variability at Athens, Greece since 1954
Surface total solar radiation variability at Athens, Greece since 1954 S. Kazadzis 1, D. Founda 1, B. Psiloglou 1, H.D. Kambezidis 1, F. Pierros 1, C. Meleti 2, N. Mihalopoulos 1 1 Institute for Environmental
More informationOPTIMISING THE TEMPORAL AVERAGING PERIOD OF POINT SURFACE SOLAR RESOURCE MEASUREMENTS FOR CORRELATION WITH AREAL SATELLITE ESTIMATES
OPTIMISING THE TEMPORAL AVERAGING PERIOD OF POINT SURFACE SOLAR RESOURCE MEASUREMENTS FOR CORRELATION WITH AREAL SATELLITE ESTIMATES Ian Grant Anja Schubert Australian Bureau of Meteorology GPO Box 1289
More informationWas the Amazon Drought of 2005 Human-Caused? Peter Cox Met Office Chair in Climate System Dynamics. Outline
Was the Amazon Drought of 2005 Human-Caused? Peter Cox Met Office Chair in Climate System Dynamics With thanks to : Phil Harris, Chris Huntingford, Chris Jones, Richard Betts, Matthew Collins, Jose Marengo,
More informationThe Moon & Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (MERBE)
The Moon & Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (MERBE) Grant Matthews Animation credit Wikipedia Accelerating certainty in climate change prediction 97th AMS Meeting 23 rd Jan 2017 Seattle WA Overview "The
More information3. Climate Change. 3.1 Observations 3.2 Theory of Climate Change 3.3 Climate Change Prediction 3.4 The IPCC Process
3. Climate Change 3.1 Observations 3.2 Theory of Climate Change 3.3 Climate Change Prediction 3.4 The IPCC Process 3.1 Observations Need to consider: Instrumental climate record of the last century or
More informationSOLAR INFLUENCE ON EARTH S CLIMATE. 1. Introduction
SOLAR INFLUENCE ON EARTH S CLIMATE NIGEL MARSH and HENRIK SVENSMARK Danish Space Research Institute, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark Abstract. An increasing number of studies indicate
More informationGopher Invitational Meteorology
Gopher Invitational Meteorology The picture can't be displayed. School: Team Name and Number: Names of Team Members: You have 50 minutes. Multiple choice questions are worth one point each. Free response
More informationClimatology of Paranal. Prepared by M. Sarazin, ESO
Climatology of Paranal Prepared by M. Sarazin, ESO 1 Climatology of Paranal The Main Climate Actors The Main Parameters And their Climatology 2 Main Climate Actors Bolivian High El Nino Southern Oscillation
More informationWelcome to ATMS 111 Global Warming.
Welcome to ATMS 111 Global Warming http://www.atmos.washington.edu/2010q1/111 Isotopic Evidence 16 O isotopes "light 18 O isotopes "heavy" Evaporation favors light Rain favors heavy Cloud above ice is
More informationRadiation balance of the Earth. 6. Earth radiation balance under present day conditions. Top of Atmosphere (TOA) Radiation balance
Radiation balance of the Earth Top of Atmosphere (TOA) radiation balance 6. Earth radiation balance under present day conditions Atmospheric radiation balance: Difference between TOA and surface radiation
More informationLecture 8. The Holocene and Recent Climate Change
Lecture 8 The Holocene and Recent Climate Change Recovery from the last ice age About 15,000 years ago, the earth began to warm and the huge ice sheets covering much of North America and Eurasia began
More informationLecture 4: Radiation Transfer
Lecture 4: Radiation Transfer Spectrum of radiation Stefan-Boltzmann law Selective absorption and emission Reflection and scattering Remote sensing Importance of Radiation Transfer Virtually all the exchange
More informationUnderstanding Global Environmental Trends and Projections. Ants Leetmaa Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Princeton, NJ 08542
Understanding Global Environmental Trends and Projections Ants Leetmaa Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Princeton, NJ 08542 Climate Scenarios Used for Attribution Studies of Climate Variability and
More informationFirst Lunar Results from the Moon & Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (MERBE)
First Lunar Results from the Moon & Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (MERBE) Grant Matthews Accelerating certainty in climate change prediction GSICS Lunar cal meeting 6 th Dec 2016 Overview "The single
More informationKlimaänderung. Robert Sausen Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre Oberpfaffenhofen
Klimaänderung Robert Sausen Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre Oberpfaffenhofen Vorlesung WS 2017/18 LMU München 7. Wolken und Aerosole Contents of IPCC 2013 Working
More informationIntroduction to Climate ~ Part I ~
2015/11/16 TCC Seminar JMA Introduction to Climate ~ Part I ~ Shuhei MAEDA (MRI/JMA) Climate Research Department Meteorological Research Institute (MRI/JMA) 1 Outline of the lecture 1. Climate System (
More informationSunspot Cycles source: NOAA
Sunspots and Global Warming Charlie Nelson November 23 There is a statistically significant correlation between the amplitude of the sunspot cycle and the temperature of the atmosphere. This relationship
More informationChanges in Cloud Cover and Cloud Types Over the Ocean from Surface Observations, Ryan Eastman Stephen G. Warren Carole J.
Changes in Cloud Cover and Cloud Types Over the Ocean from Surface Observations, 1954-2008 Ryan Eastman Stephen G. Warren Carole J. Hahn Clouds Over the Ocean The ocean is cloudy, more-so than land Cloud
More information7.5-year global trends in GOME cloud cover and humidity - a signal of climate change? Institut für Umweltphysik, Uni-Heidelberg, Germany
7.5-year global trends in GOME cloud cover and humidity - a signal of climate change? T. Wagner, S. Beirle, M. Grzegorski, S. Sanghavi, U. Platt Institut für Umweltphysik, Uni-Heidelberg, Germany The Greenhouse
More informationAnthropogenic warming of central England temperature
ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE LETTERS Atmos. Sci. Let. 7: 81 85 (2006) Published online 18 September 2006 in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com).136 Anthropogenic warming of central England temperature
More informationArctic Climate Change. Glen Lesins Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science Dalhousie University Create Summer School, Alliston, July 2013
Arctic Climate Change Glen Lesins Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science Dalhousie University Create Summer School, Alliston, July 2013 When was this published? Observational Evidence for Arctic
More information1.6 Correlation maps CHAPTER 1. DATA ANALYSIS 47
CHAPTER 1. DATA ANALYSIS 47 1.6 Correlation maps Correlation analysis can be a very powerful tool to establish a statistical relationship between the two variables. Section 1.4 showed that a correlation
More informationWATER VAPOUR RETRIEVAL FROM GOME DATA INCLUDING CLOUDY SCENES
WATER VAPOUR RETRIEVAL FROM GOME DATA INCLUDING CLOUDY SCENES S. Noël, H. Bovensmann, J. P. Burrows Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, FB 1, P. O. Box 33 4 4, D 28334 Bremen, Germany
More informationCHAPTER 2 DATA AND METHODS. Errors using inadequate data are much less than those using no data at all. Charles Babbage, circa 1850
CHAPTER 2 DATA AND METHODS Errors using inadequate data are much less than those using no data at all. Charles Babbage, circa 185 2.1 Datasets 2.1.1 OLR The primary data used in this study are the outgoing
More informationThe scientific basis for climate change projections: History, Status, Unsolved problems
The scientific basis for climate change projections: History, Status, Unsolved problems Isaac Held, Princeton, Feb 2008 Katrina-like storm spontaneously generated in atmospheric model Regions projected
More informationExtreme Weather and Climate Change: the big picture Alan K. Betts Atmospheric Research Pittsford, VT NESC, Saratoga, NY
Extreme Weather and Climate Change: the big picture Alan K. Betts Atmospheric Research Pittsford, VT http://alanbetts.com NESC, Saratoga, NY March 10, 2018 Increases in Extreme Weather Last decade: lack
More informationClimate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis
Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report Presented by R.K. Pachauri, IPCC Chair and Bubu Jallow, WG 1 Vice Chair Nairobi, 6 February
More informationName Period 4 th Six Weeks Notes 2013 Weather
Name Period 4 th Six Weeks Notes 2013 Weather Radiation Convection Currents Winds Jet Streams Energy from the Sun reaches Earth as electromagnetic waves This energy fuels all life on Earth including the
More informationThe ocean s overall role in climate
The ocean s overall role in climate - moderates climate in time (diurnally, annually) - redistributes heat spatially in the largescale ocean circulation - lower albedo (sea ice higher albedo) - dry atmosphere
More information1. Weather and climate.
Lecture 31. Introduction to climate and climate change. Part 1. Objectives: 1. Weather and climate. 2. Earth s radiation budget. 3. Clouds and radiation field. Readings: Turco: p. 320-349; Brimblecombe:
More informationDirected Reading. Section: Solar Energy and the Atmosphere RADIATION. identical point on the next wave. waves
Skills Worksheet Directed Reading Section: Solar Energy and the Atmosphere 1. How is Earth s atmosphere heated? 2. Name the two primary sources of heat in the atmosphere. RADIATION In the space provided,
More informationClimate Feedbacks from ERBE Data
Climate Feedbacks from ERBE Data Why Is Lindzen and Choi (2009) Criticized? Zhiyu Wang Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Utah March 9, 2010 / Earth Climate System Outline 1 Introduction
More informationAn Introduction to Climate Modeling
An Introduction to Climate Modeling A. Gettelman & J. J. Hack National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder, Colorado USA Outline What is Climate & why do we care Hierarchy of atmospheric modeling strategies
More informationPresentation Overview. Southwestern Climate: Past, present and future. Global Energy Balance. What is climate?
Southwestern Climate: Past, present and future Mike Crimmins Climate Science Extension Specialist Dept. of Soil, Water, & Env. Science & Arizona Cooperative Extension The University of Arizona Presentation
More informationGMES: calibration of remote sensing datasets
GMES: calibration of remote sensing datasets Jeremy Morley Dept. Geomatic Engineering jmorley@ge.ucl.ac.uk December 2006 Outline Role of calibration & validation in remote sensing Types of calibration
More informationPTYS 214 Spring Announcements. Midterm 3 next Thursday!
PTYS 214 Spring 2018 Announcements Midterm 3 next Thursday! 1 Previously Habitable Zone Energy Balance Emission Temperature Greenhouse Effect Vibration/rotation bands 2 Recap: Greenhouse gases In order
More informationLecture 2-07: The greenhouse, global heat engine.
Lecture 2-07: The greenhouse, global heat engine http://en.wikipedia.org/ the sun s ultraviolet (left) and infrared radiation imagers.gsfc.nasa.gov/ems/uv.html www.odysseymagazine.com/images SOLAR FLARES
More informationLecture 3: Global Energy Cycle
Lecture 3: Global Energy Cycle Planetary energy balance Greenhouse Effect Vertical energy balance Latitudinal energy balance Seasonal and diurnal cycles Solar Flux and Flux Density Solar Luminosity (L)
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION DOI: 10.1038/NGEO1854 Anthropogenic aerosol forcing of Atlantic tropical storms N. J. Dunstone 1, D. S. Smith 1, B. B. B. Booth 1, L. Hermanson 1, R. Eade 1 Supplementary information
More information9.4. The newly released 5-year Terra-based monthly CERES radiative flux and cloud product. David R. Doelling, D. F. Keyes AS&M, Inc.
9.4 The newly released 5-year Terra-based monthly CERES radiative flux and cloud product David R. Doelling, D. F. Keyes AS&M, Inc., Hampton, VA D. F. Young, B. A. Wielicki, T. Wong NASA Langley Research
More informationWhat factors affect climate? Dr. Michael J Passow
What factors affect climate? Dr. Michael J Passow Energy from the Sun (mostly light and heat) radiates to Earth SUN 150 x 10 6 km (92 x 10 6 mi) EARTH Challenge: If the speed of light is 300,000 km/sec,
More informationClimate.tgt, Version: 1 1
Name: Key Concepts Choose the letter of the best answer. (5 points each) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Date: A city located in the middle of North America experiences extreme temperature changes during
More informationThe influence of cosmic rays on terrestrial clouds and global warming
Page 1 of 8 The influence of cosmic rays on terrestrial clouds and global warming E. Palle Bago and C. J. Butler Paper appeared in Astronomy & Geophysics, August 2000. Vol 41, Issue 4, pp 18-22. Original
More information11/2/18. SIO15-18: Lecture15: The Atmosphere and Climate. SIO15-18: Lecture15: The Atmosphere and Climate. source: wikipedia
source: wikipedia 1 2 climate: average long-term condition; controlled by location regional to global weather: short-term condition; controlled by atmospheric anomalies local to regional climate: I live
More informationA Time Series of Photo-synthetically Available Radiation at the Ocean Surface from SeaWiFS and MODIS Data
A Time Series of Photo-synthetically Available Radiation at the Ocean Surface from SeaWiFS and MODIS Data Robert Frouin* a, John McPherson a, Kyozo Ueyoshi a, Bryan A. Franz b a Scripps Institution of
More informationTopic 6: Insolation and the Seasons
Topic 6: Insolation and the Seasons Solar Radiation and Insolation Insolation: In Sol ation The Sun is the primary source of energy for the earth. The rate at which energy is radiated is called Intensity
More informationShort-Term Climate Variability (Ch.15) Volcanos and Climate Other Causes of Holocene Climate Change
Short-Term Climate Variability (Ch.15) Volcanos and Climate Other Causes of Holocene Climate Change Volcanos and Climate We learned in Chapter 12 that the volanos play an important role in Earth s climate
More informationChapter 6: Modeling the Atmosphere-Ocean System
Chapter 6: Modeling the Atmosphere-Ocean System -So far in this class, we ve mostly discussed conceptual models models that qualitatively describe the system example: Daisyworld examined stable and unstable
More informationEffects of Black Carbon on Temperature Lapse Rates
Effects of Black Carbon on Temperature Lapse Rates Joyce E. Penner 1 Minghuai Wang 1, Akshay Kumar 1, Leon Rotstayn 2, Ben Santer 1 University of Michigan, 2 CSIRO, 3 LLNL Thanks to Warren Washington and
More informationCORRELATION OF GLOBAL CLOUDINESS WITH BURSTS IN TOTAL SOLAR IRRADIANCE
CORRELATION OF GLOBAL CLOUDINESS WITH BURSTS IN TOTAL SOLAR IRRADIANCE S.V. Avakyan 1,2,3, N.A.Voronin 1, S.S. Kavtrev 3 1 All-Russian Scientific Center S.I. Vavilov State Optical Institute, St. Petersburg,
More informationThe early 20th century warming in the Arctic A possible mechanism
The early 20th century warming in the Arctic A possible mechanism Lennart Bengtsson Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany ESSC, University of Reading, UK Thanks to Vladimir Semenov and
More informationObserved and Projected Climate Change. David R. Easterling, Ph.D. NOAA/National Climatic Data Center. Asheville, NC
Observed and Projected Climate Change David R. Easterling, Ph.D NOAA/National Climatic Data Center Asheville, NC Introduction One of the most vigorously debated topics on Earth is the issue of climate
More information