Tycho Brahe: Observation and Measurement
|
|
- Anastasia Parrish
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Tycho Brahe: Observation and Measurement Then: Late 1500 s The Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe was one of many early scientists of the Scientific Revolution, a time period between 1500 and 1700 when many scientists discovered natural laws and created processes to test theory. In 1572, he observed a supernova for nearly eighteen months, and also the first recorded comet in In addition to observing and charting over 750 stars and heavenly bodies, Tycho s greatest contribution to science was his insistence in the use of careful observation and very detailed, accurate records on everything he did. He also created the most rudimentary telescope to make more accurate observations of the heavens. The emphasis he placed on observation and accurate records laid the base work for how other theories and methods can be applied and tested by future scientists. In that way his contributions still affect modern science. Tycho s Great Comet of Now: Observations in Space Even today scientists still keep careful, accurate records when observing and proving scientific theory. Kepler was Brahe s assistant and later used Brahe s records of Mars movements to further his theories of planetary motion. That s random! It s recorded that Tycho Brahe died of a urinary tract infection. He attended a banquet of a Baron in Prague, and didn t use the bathroom for fear of insulting his host. This combined with alcohol had caused complications. 1. List three (3) of Brahe s discoveries and contributions to modern astronomy.
2 Then: the father of modern astronomy disbelieves in the authorities of the heavens Up until the 1500s, everyone in Europe assumed that the ancient Greek philosophers such as Ptolemy and Aristotle were the authorities on the universe. As the age of exploration disproved some of their theories, people started to question what else was inaccurate. Nicolaus Copernicus is considered the first man brave enough to not only use logic and observation to do so, but to also publish the book that triggered the Scientific Revolution. This book was titled THE REVOLUTION OF THE CELESTRIAL SPHERES and he published it in He observed that the earth-centered, or geocentric, planet rotation theories of Ptolemy that the Catholic church supported couldn t be true because the planets patterns in the sky would be too complicated. Instead of assuming the theories of the past were correct and making his observations fit them, he dared to theorize a different possibility. He considered the possibility of a sun-centered, or heliocentric, universe model. Nicolaus Copernicus: Father of modern astronomy Now: from theory to foundation of science Copernicus s heliocentric theory had a major influence on several other prominent observers of the scientific revolution. Eventually, more astronomers proved he was accurate. Today his theory, the Copernican theory, is a key part of modern astronomy. Copernican Theory model That s random! This is why he s often referred to as the Father of Modern Nicolaus Copernicus was so afraid Astronomy. to publish REVOLUTION OF THE CELESTRIAL SPHERES against the beliefs of the church that he didn t do so until he was on his death bed. 1. Evidence from the Text-Support the following sentence with evidence in the form of a direct quote from the text: Nicolaus Copernicus is considered the first man brave enough to use logic and observation to disprove some classic Greek theories. 2. Would you be scared to publish your ideas if they were different from what most people thought like Copernicus did? Why or why not?
3 Galileo Galilei: Father of Experimental Science From Barter to Coinage Galileo is perhaps one of the most well known figures of the scientific revolution. He created the first telescope that resembles what modern science uses today. Using it, he observed craters in the Earth s moon, and that Jupiter had its own moons. Galileo did scientific experiments to test his theories of motion of objects, or mechanics. For this reason, he is considered the Father of Experimental Science. Most importantly, Galileo found evidence that backed up Copernicus s theory of a sun-centered universe. He wrote a highly controversial book called DIALOGUE OF THE TWO CHIEF WORLD SYSTEMS in which a discussion between two fictional characters about helio-centric, (or sun circled by planets system) and geo-centric (earth centered with sun, planet, and stars circling it) universal system models was held. It covertly pushed Copernican Theory of suncentered system. This book lead to his trial by the Catholic Church for heresy, or a belief opposed to the religious beliefs of the church. He tried to stay true to his beliefs, but eventually he recanted them when threatened with death. 1- I hope to show that I proceed with much greater piety than they do, when I argue not against condemning this book, but against condemning it in the way they suggestthat is, without under standing it, weighing it, or so much as reading it. -Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina of Tuscany, and because I had prepared a very excellent instrument for myself, I perceived (as I had not before, on account of the weakness of my previous instrument) that beside the planet there were three starlets, small indeed, but very bright. Though I believed them to be among the host of fixed stars, they aroused my curiosity somewhat by appearing to lie in an exact straight line parallel to the ecliptic, -1610, Galileo Discovers the Moon 3- First we must propound all those that have been put forward to prove the earth s stability by Aristotle, Ptolemy, and others, trying next to resolve them. Finally we must produce those by which a person may become persuaded that the earth, no less than the moon or any other planet, is to be numbered among the natural bodies that move circularly. - Dialogue of the Two Chief World Systems 1. Which one of the Letters and Discoveries of Galileo is about the movement of the Earth? How does he state the Earth moves? 2. What is the meaning of the word recanted in the following sentence: He tried to stay true to his beliefs, but eventually he recanted them.
4 Sir Isaac Newton: math and motion Then: A mathematicians theories became law Almost thirty years after Galileo s trial at the Catholic Church in Italy, the Scientific Revolution hit its golden years in the capable hands of an English mathematician. Sir Isaac Newton reviewed all the other research on mathematics, motion, and space. Then he made his own observations and notes. Using them together, he created four theories that have since then been proven and are considered laws in modern science. In addition to his theories, he wrote a book titled PRINCIPIA MATMATICA and it was published in He also invented the complex math called calculus, so scientists had formulas and processes to logically solve advanced theories or problems. Now: Newton s FOUR laws The first and most influential law Newton created was the law of gravity. He wanted to know how the moon stayed in orbit around the Earth. As the story was told, he saw an apple fall from a tree and theorized that the same force that pulled the apple to the group also made the Earth and Moon tug on one another. He realized that the mass, or amount of matter, an object has as well as the distance between two objects determined how much influence they have on each other. His other three laws had to do with motion. They explained how the universe is like a machine, and described exactly how everything moves in space. Step 1: Drop a book and a piece of paper from the same height at the same time. Question #1: Which object falls faster? Which object falls slower? Why do you think that is? Step 2: Place the same paper on top of book. Drop the book again. Question #2: Do they fall separately or together? How does the way the fall confirm his theory about gravity? The book and the paper form a vacuum, making them stick together. Newton asserted that if all objects were in a vacuum, or space without any matter or air resistance, an elephant and a feather would fall at the same time... Newton s first and second laws of gravity discuss how two objects respond to each other and air resistance. In short, an object will accelerate, or gain speed, if the forces acting upon it are unbalanced; the amount of acceleration is directly proportional to the amount of net force, or unbalanced force, acting upon it.
5 Then: An assistant builds on his boss s theories Johannes Kepler: The Planets Path Tycho Brahe was given the island of Hven by King Fredrick II of Denmark in 1576, and as he set up his observatory, he found an assistant. This assistant was the German astronomer Johannes Kepler. Kepler Did you know? A young Johannes Kepler suffered from a horrible infection of smallpox. The disease left him with weak vision and crippled hands. dedicated his own study time to the orbits of the planets. Up until this time, Copernican theory that the planets move in circular orbits around the sun was considered the most accurate theory. Orbits are the paths heavenly bodies (suns, stars, moons, planets) make around each other. However, Kepler observed Mars closely and discovered that it moved in a elliptical, or oval, orbit around the sun. This discovery not only confirmed Copernican Theory, but built upon it, and rocked the Scientific Revolution community. In addition to his orbit deduction, Kepler also found that the closer to the sun a planet was, the faster it moved. This theory helped Sir Isaac Newton with his laws of motion in later years. Lastly, Kepler also discovered that the human eye sees images in reverse like a camera lens. He toyed with the newly-invented refractor telescope and wondered how light works within it to show the heavens upside down. From there, he took the data he d gathered and applied it to the human eye. He also created an upgraded version of the telescope, called the Keplerian telescope. He also invented glasses for the near- and farsighted and wrote a book about his optic research titled ASTRONOMIAE PARS OPTICA. 1. Define the meaning of the word deduction in the following sentence: In addition to his orbit deduction, Kepler also found that the closer to the sun a planet was, the faster it moved. 2. Why did Kepler s discovery of elliptical orbits rock the scientific community? Use a quote from the text to prove it.
6 Francis BACON: The Right steps in the right order Then: Science could expand human knowledge into the future The many studies of the Scientific Revolution piqued the interest of several philosophers. One of them was an English gentleman by the name of Francis Bacon. He was fascinated with how those first scientists observed, studied, and theorized to discover and understand natural law. He said that science should be approached systematically and close observation was the only way to find the truth of all things. If done in this way, he felt vehemently that scientific research should be funded, and requested that the King of England do so. He also wrote a book about approaching scientific research this way. THE ADVANCEMENT OF LEARNING was published in Now: scientists still use Bacon s system Later, scientists developed Bacon s systematic approach with other philosophers suggestions into a procedure called The Scientific Method and it is still used in modern times. The Scientific Method combines mathematics, observation, and logic into six duplicable steps: 1. State a problem or question. 2. Gather information about the problem. 3. Theorize a hypothesis, or assumption about the problem. (Note, a hypothesis is different from a solution in that it hasn t been tested yet.) 4. Test the hypothesis by experimentation. 5. Record and analyze data on the experiment. 6. Draw conclusions on what the experiment s data revealed. That s Random! Francis Bacon was first employed as an interior designer. A study in November 2015 used The Scientific Method to test fat rats. The problem was obesity in Americans. The scientists gathered information on the topic, looking at previous studies and experiments as well as the diets of the American population, and realized that previous experiments weren t controlled enough to give good data. They hypothesized that high-fat, high-calorie foods would make the rats fat. They tested the hypothesis by feeding rats high-fat, high-calorie foods. They recorded how much food they fed the rats and how fat the rats became. Then they drew the conclusion that their hypothesis was correct. 1. Do you think the Scientific Method would work without one of its steps? Why or why not? 2. If you were the King of England and Bacon argued that you should fund science, would you? Why or why not? 3. Define the word vehemently in the following sentence: If done in this way, he felt vehemently that scientific research should be funded...
7 Now: Deduce from doubt Rene Descartes: Doubt until proven true Another major contributor to The Scientific Revolution was the French philosopher Rene Descartes. He emphasized that past science and knowledge should be doubted until proven to be true rather than accepted on faith. This highly contradicted the way people of his time and the church approached the natural world. He took it a step beyond the material experiments and tests, and argued that even these methods of collecting data could trick man s senses. He said only clear thinking and logic could offer proof of the truth. Descartes also emphasized the belief that the physical, natural world followed key physic and mathematical laws, so only logic could work with them. Descartes wrote a book called DISCOURSE ON THE METHOD, and he wrote it in French rather than in Latin so that all common men and women could learn to think for themselves. Now: How sleuths and scientists Use logic Though on a grander scale, the application of logic and reason emphasized by Descartes is still used in many fields of science. Detective and criminal investigation work is especially good at utilizing reason and logic to find the truth. Descartes doubt until proven true way of thinking is also used in various steps of the Scientific Method. 1. In your own words, describe Descartes theory of how science should be approached. 2. Do you think Descartes theories would have been as well known if he d written Discourse on the Method in Latin? Why or why not? 3. What is the meaning of the word contradicted in the following sentence: This highly contradicted the way people of his time and the church approached the natural world. Did you know? The famous line I think, there for I am is a phrase Descartes wrote as a statement for individual existence as a single, irrefutable truth.
8 Scientific Revolution Inventions Still Used Today The inventions of the scientific revolution took science to a new level by offering more accurate ways to observe and measure the natural world. Study the four scientific tools below and take note of what they are used for. Thermometer barometer Though it is not certain, Galileo probably made the first thermometer. A German scientist named Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit created a more accurate model in the early 1700s. He placed liquid mercury in a glass tube and observed how it expanded and rose within it as the temperature increased. He also created the Fahranheit temperature scale that is still used in the U.S. Use: Measuring air temperature. Did you know? These basic tools led to major advances in technology, such as steam trains and other industrial creations that made Europeans the most advanced continent in the world afterward. In 1643, Italian scientist Evangelista Torricelli created the barometer by placing liquid mercury in a glass tube and placed it upside down in a dish. He observed how it moved up and down with changes in pressure of the atmosphere over a couple days. The barometer became a great tool for studying weather. Use: Measuring barometric pressure in the atmosphere. Telescope Thought first created in Holland, the telescope went through many upgrades during the scientific revolution from such men as Kepler, Brahe, and Galileo. Use: To observe the heavenly bodies, such as stars, planets, and comets. Microscope Dutch lens makers in the 1500s created the first microscope, but around 1680 Antonie van Leeuwenhoek made his own powerful version. He was the first man to see the complex microscopic world of bacteria. Use: To see tiny plants and animals not visible to the naked eye with powerful lenses. 1. Which of these tools has made the greatest impact on our lives? Defend your answer with two examples proving its great impact.
9 The scientific method: Oh Snap! A Finger Snap Mini lab Review the scientific method- Do not read the Did You Know upside-down information until the end! 1. The question to analyze: What makes the noise when a person snaps his/her fingers? 2. Gather information about the question: Snap your fingers and write down what you observe. Write at least three observations down. 3. Theorize a hypothesis, or assumption about the question: After observing, hypothesis how and at what point the noise is actually being made. 4. Test the hypothesis by experimentation. Try isolating each action: A) Try to snap your fingers so that your middle finger (2) does not actually touch your palm. If this is too difficult you can use your other palm hand to block the middle finger from making contact with the palm. B) Try snapping with your pointer (1). C. Try snapping so that all other fingers are pointed up (5,4,3,1). D. Now, snap normally. Why is it louder? 5. Record and analyze data on the experiment (record what your findings were from A,B,C and D). 6. Draw conclusions on what the experiment s data revealed. What is actually making the noise? Now read the upside down explanation. Were your observations correct? (1) The "friction" or "sliding" sound between the third (middle) finger and the thumb. (2) The "impact" sound from the third finger colliding with a groove created by contacting the fourth (ring) finger with the palm. (3) The "pop" sound from the rapid compression and subsequent decompression of air. The third "pop" sound is the most audible of the three components and because it is caused by DID YOU KNOW... a compression of air between the fast moving second finger, the palm and third finger. The second finger must hit both the palm and a small portion of the top of the third finger in order to get the full "snap" sound. If the second finger only hits the palm (like in 4C of the experiment), only the first two components will be heard and there will be a significant reduction in the total "snap" sound. This usually happens because the third finger is simply not in contact with the palm, but it can also happen if the third finger doesn't align properly with the striking point of the second finger. In this case, no part of the second finger lands anywhere on top of the third finger and ends up only hitting the palm.
The Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution What is a Revolution? A Revolution is a complete change, or an overthrow of a government, a social system, etc. The Scientific Revolution In the 1500s and 1600s the Scientific
More informationWhat is a Revolution? A Revolution is a complete change, or an overthrow of a government, a social system, etc.
CW10 p374 Vocab What is a Revolution? A Revolution is a complete change, or an overthrow of a government, a social system, etc. The Scientific Revolution In the 1500s and 1600s the Scientific Revolution
More informationhttp://radicalart.info/physics/vacuum/index.html The Scientific Revolution In the 1500s and 1600s the Scientific Revolution changed the way Europeans looked at the world. People began to make conclusions
More informationName Class Date. Ptolemy alchemy Scientific Revolution
Name Class Date The Scientific Revolution Vocabulary Builder Section 1 DIRECTIONS Look up the vocabulary terms in the word bank in a dictionary. Write the dictionary definition of the word that is closest
More informationSection 5. Objectives
Objectives Explain how new discoveries in astronomy changed the way people viewed the universe. Understand the new scientific method and how it developed. Analyze the contributions that Newton and other
More informationBELL WORK. What is a revolution? Name some revolutions that have occurred in history. How does science contradict religious teachings?
BELL WORK What is a revolution? Name some revolutions that have occurred in history. How does science contradict religious teachings? Objec&ve I can evaluate how the scien&fic revolu&on affected society.
More informationThe Scientific Revolution Learning Target
The Scientific Revolution Learning Target Explain how new discoveries in astronomy changed the way people viewed the universe. Understand the new scientific method and how it developed. Analyze the contributions
More informationEnlightenment and Revolution. Section 1
Main Idea Ch 5.1-- The Scientific Revolution New ways of thinking led to remarkable discoveries during the Scientific Revolution. Content Statement 5 /Learning Goal (Ch 5-1) Describe how the Scientific
More informationRevolution and Enlightenment. The scientific revolution
Revolution and Enlightenment The scientific revolution Background in Revolution In the middle ages, educated europeans relied on ancient authorities like Aristotle for scientific knowledge. By the 15th
More informationTHE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Figuring Out the World of Science and Where God Belongs in the Equation. Setting the Stage Between 1300-1600 CE, Europe went through major changes. The Renaissance, a rebirth
More informationTHE RISE OF MODERN SCIENCE CHAPTER 20, SECTION 2
THE RISE OF MODERN SCIENCE CHAPTER 20, SECTION 2 ORIGINS OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION 335 BCE-1687 CE A New View of the Universe Scientists of the 1500s asked same questions as Greeks: What is the universe
More informationScientific Revolution
Age of Revolutions Scientific Revolution Scientific Revolution Period of time in which a new way of thinking came about. The beliefs held by many for so long were now being questioned. Use logic and reason
More informationChapter 4. The Origin Of Modern Astronomy. Is okay to change your phone? From ios to Android From Android to ios
Chapter 4 The Origin Of Modern Astronomy Slide 14 Slide 15 14 15 Is Change Good or Bad? Do you like Homer to look like Homer or with hair? Does it bother you when your schedule is changed? Is it okay to
More informationThe Scientific Revolution & The Age of Enlightenment. Unit 8
The Scientific Revolution & The Age of Enlightenment Unit 8 Unit 8 Standards 7.59 Describe the roots of the Scientific Revolution based upon Christian and Muslim influences. 7.60 Gather relevant information
More informationAstronomy Notes Chapter 02.notebook April 11, 2014 Pythagoras Aristotle geocentric retrograde motion epicycles deferents Aristarchus, heliocentric
Around 2500 years ago, Pythagoras began to use math to describe the world around him. Around 200 years later, Aristotle stated that the Universe is understandable and is governed by regular laws. Most
More informationDirections: Read each slide
Directions: Read each slide and decide what information is needed. Some slides may have red or yellow or orange underlined. This information is a clue for you to read more carefully or copy the information
More informationHow Astronomers Learnt that The Heavens Are Not Perfect
1 How Astronomers Learnt that The Heavens Are Not Perfect Introduction In this packet, you will read about the discoveries and theories which changed the way astronomers understood the Universe. I have
More informationAstronomy- The Original Science
Astronomy- The Original Science Imagine that it is 5,000 years ago. Clocks and modern calendars have not been invented. How would you tell time or know what day it is? One way to tell the time is to study
More informationThe Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution How did the Scientific Revolution change the way people understood the world? P R E V I E W In the space below, draw a diagram showing the relationship between the sun and the
More informationScientific Revolution
Scientific Revolution IN the 1600 s, a few scholars published works that challenged the ideas of the ancient thinkers and the church.. Old assumptions were replaced with new theories, they launched a change
More informationModels of the Solar System. The Development of Understanding from Ancient Greece to Isaac Newton
Models of the Solar System The Development of Understanding from Ancient Greece to Isaac Newton Aristotle (384 BC 322 BC) Third in line of Greek thinkers: Socrates was the teacher of Plato, Plato was the
More informationSCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION What IS Science? What IS Science? a branch of knowledge or study dealing with a body of facts or truths systematically arranged and showing the operation of general laws: the mathematical
More informationEarly Models of the Universe. How we explained those big shiny lights in the sky
Early Models of the Universe How we explained those big shiny lights in the sky The Greek philosopher Aristotle (384 322 BCE) believed that the Earth was the center of our universe, and everything rotated
More informationClaudius Ptolemaeus Second Century AD. Jan 5 7:37 AM
Claudius Ptolemaeus Second Century AD Jan 5 7:37 AM Copernicus: The Foundation Nicholas Copernicus (Polish, 1473 1543): Proposed the first modern heliocentric model, motivated by inaccuracies of the Ptolemaic
More informationThe Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution How did the Scientific Revolution change the way people understood the world? P R E V I E W In the space below, draw a diagram showing the relationship between the sun and the
More informationSCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION VOCABULARY: SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Revolution a sweeping change Geocentric earth-centered universe Astronomer scientist who studies the motion of stars and planets Heliocentric sun-centered
More informationThings to do today. Terminal, Astronomy is Fun. Lecture 24 The Science of Astronomy. Scientific Thinking. After this lecture, please pick up:
Things to do today After this lecture, please pick up: Review questions for the final exam Homework#6 (due next Tuesday) No class on Thursday (Thanksgiving) Final exam on December 2 (next Thursday) Terminal,
More informationContents: -Information/Research Packet. - Jumbled Image packet. - Comic book cover page. -Comic book pages. -Example finished comic
Contents: -Information/Research Packet - Jumbled Image packet - Comic book cover page -Comic book pages -Example finished comic Nicolaus Copernicus Nicholas Copernicus was a Polish astronomer who lived
More informationThe Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution Consider the following. Put them in order from most true to least true. 1. That house is on fire. 2. God exists. 3. The earth moves around the sun. 4. 2 + 2 = 4 5. Michelangelo
More informationAnnouncements. Topics To Be Covered in this Lecture
Announcements! Tonight s observing session is cancelled (due to clouds)! the next one will be one week from now, weather permitting! The 2 nd LearningCurve activity was due earlier today! Assignment 2
More informationMain Themes: 7/12/2009
What were some of the major achievements of scientists during this period? Why has this period been labeled a revolution? Why was the Scientific Revolution seen as threatening by the Catholic Church? How
More informationGalileo Galilei. Trial of Galileo before the papal court
Rene Descartes Rene Descartes was a French philosopher who was initially preoccupied with doubt and uncertainty. The one thing he found beyond doubt was his own experience. Emphasizing the importance of
More information,.~ Readlng ~ What,~,~~ is a geocentric system? Chapter3 J 73
Earth at the Center When the ancient Greeks watched the stars move across the sky, they noticed that the patterns of the stars didn t change. Although the stars seemed to move, they stayed in the same
More informationASTR 1010 Spring 2016 Study Notes Dr. Magnani
The Copernican Revolution ASTR 1010 Spring 2016 Study Notes Dr. Magnani The Copernican Revolution is basically how the West intellectually transitioned from the Ptolemaic geocentric model of the Universe
More informationObserving the Solar System 20-1
Observing the Solar System 20-1 Ancient Observations The ancient Greeks observed the sky and noticed that the moon, sun, and stars seemed to move in a circle around the Earth. It seemed that the Earth
More informationThe Scientific Revolution
Scientific inventions helped humans better understand the world around them. CHAPTER The Scientific Revolution 34.1 Introduction In the last chapter, you read about the Age of Exploration. You learned
More informationEvidence that the Earth does not move: Greek Astronomy. Aristotelian Cosmology: Motions of the Planets. Ptolemy s Geocentric Model 2-1
Greek Astronomy Aristotelian Cosmology: Evidence that the Earth does not move: 1. Stars do not exhibit parallax: 2-1 At the center of the universe is the Earth: Changeable and imperfect. Above the Earth
More information2.4 The Birth of Modern Astronomy
2.4 The Birth of Modern Astronomy Telescope invented around 1600 Galileo built his own, made observations: Moon has mountains and valleys Sun has sunspots, and rotates Jupiter has moons (shown): Venus
More informationThe Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution In the Middle Ages, the Catholic Church was the authority on science. Some people began to question the Church s authority Francis Bacon stressed the importance of observation
More informationJanuary 19, notes.notebook. Claudius Ptolemaeus Second Century AD. Jan 5 7:37 AM
8.1 notes.notebook Claudius Ptolemaeus Second Century AD Jan 5 7:7 AM Copernicus: The Foundation Nicholas Copernicus (Polish, 147 154): Proposed the first modern heliocentric model, motivated by inaccuracies
More informationThe Scientific Revolution
Chapter 18, Section 2 The Scientific Revolution (Pages 670 679) Setting a Purpose for Reading Think about these questions as you read: How did the Scientific Revolution change life in the 1600s? What is
More informationModule 3: Astronomy The Universe Topic 6 Content: The Age of Astronomy Presentation Notes
Module 3: Astronomy The Universe The Age of Astronomy was marked by the struggle to understand the placement of Earth in the universe and the effort to understand planetary motion. Behind this struggle
More information1 Astronomy: The Original Science
CHAPTER 18 1 Astronomy: The Original Science SECTION Studying Space BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: How do astronomers define a day, a month,
More informationUse of reason, mathematics, and technology to understand the physical universe. SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
Use of reason, mathematics, and technology to understand the physical universe. SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Background Info Scientific rev gradually overturned centuries of scientific ideas Medieval scientists
More informationTHE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION REVOLUTION: a sudden, extreme, or complete change in the way people live, work, etc. (Merriam-Webster) THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Time of advancements in math and science during
More informationTHE SCIENTIST CFE 3293V
THE SCIENTIST CFE 3293V OPEN-CAPTIONED BARR MEDIA GROUP 1993 Grade Levels: 12-13+ 57 minutes DESCRIPTION Focuses on the Renaissance Era, a time when scientists strove to search for knowledge about the
More informationLecture #5: Plan. The Beginnings of Modern Astronomy Kepler s Laws Galileo
Lecture #5: Plan The Beginnings of Modern Astronomy Kepler s Laws Galileo Geocentric ( Ptolemaic ) Model Retrograde Motion: Apparent backward (= East-to-West) motion of a planet with respect to stars Ptolemy
More informationSTANDARD WHII.6a The student will demonstrate knowledge of scientific, political, economic, and religious changes during the sixteenth, seventeenth,
AGE OF REVOLUTIONS STANDARD WHII.6a The student will demonstrate knowledge of scientific, political, economic, and religious changes during the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries by a) describing
More informationCh. 22 Origin of Modern Astronomy Pretest
Ch. 22 Origin of Modern Astronomy Pretest Ch. 22 Origin of Modern Astronomy Pretest 1. True or False: Early Greek astronomers (600 B.C. A.D. 150) used telescopes to observe the stars. Ch. 22 Origin of
More informationSTATION #1: NICOLAUS COPERNICUS
STATION #1: NICOLAUS COPERNICUS Nicolaus Copernicus was a Polish astronomer who is best known for the astronomical theory that the Sun was near the center of the universe and that the Earth and other planets
More informationAstronomy Lesson 8.1 Astronomy s Movers and Shakers
8 Astronomers.notebook Astronomy Lesson 8.1 Astronomy s Movers and Shakers Aristotle 384 322 BCE Heavenly objects must move on circular paths at constant speeds. Earth is motionless at the center of the
More informationScientific Revolution. 16 th -18 th centuries
Scientific Revolution 16 th -18 th centuries As we go through this information Write two quiz questions for review at the end of class. If you don t want to write quiz questions, you can write haikus about
More informationPlanets & The Origin of Science
Planets & The Origin of Science Reading: Chapter 2 Required: Guided Discovery (p.44-47) Required: Astro. Toolbox 2-1 Optional: Astro. Toolbox 2-2, 2-3 Next Homework Due. Sept. 26 Office Hours: Monday,
More informationIntro to Astronomy. Looking at Our Space Neighborhood
Intro to Astronomy Looking at Our Space Neighborhood Astronomy: The Original Science Ancient cultures used the movement of stars, planets and the moon to mark time Astronomy: the study of the universe
More informationThe Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution 1.) Recreate the below chart in your ISN and take notes on each of the 9 scientists in bold letters. You may want to switch it to horizontal. The article is also available on
More informationSSWH13 The student will examine the intellectual, political, social, and economic factors that changed the world view of Europeans.
SSWH13 The student will examine the intellectual, political, social, and economic factors that changed the world view of Europeans. a. Explain the scientific contributions of Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler,
More informationThe Puzzle of Planetary Motion versus
The Puzzle of Planetary Motion versus Finding Earth s place in the Universe Observing the Planets Five of the planets are bright enough to be seen by the unaided eye. This view shows the sky after sunset
More informationGravity. Newton s Law of Gravitation Kepler s Laws of Planetary Motion Gravitational Fields
Gravity Newton s Law of Gravitation Kepler s Laws of Planetary Motion Gravitational Fields Simulation Synchronous Rotation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozib_l eg75q Sun-Earth-Moon System https://vimeo.com/16015937
More informationThe Birth of Astronomy. Lecture 3 1/24/2018
The Birth of Astronomy Lecture 3 1/24/2018 Fundamental Questions of Astronomy (life?) What is the shape of the Earth? How big is the planet we live on? Why do the stars move across the sky? Where is Earth
More informationChapter 2. The Rise of Astronomy. Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Chapter 2 The Rise of Astronomy Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Periods of Western Astronomy Western astronomy divides into 4 periods Prehistoric
More informationToday. Planetary Motion. Tycho Brahe s Observations. Kepler s Laws Laws of Motion. Laws of Motion
Today Planetary Motion Tycho Brahe s Observations Kepler s Laws Laws of Motion Laws of Motion In 1633 the Catholic Church ordered Galileo to recant his claim that Earth orbits the Sun. His book on the
More informationPlanetary Mechanics:
Planetary Mechanics: Satellites A satellite is an object or a body that revolves around another body due to the gravitational attraction to the greater mass. Ex: The planets are natural satellites of the
More informationmethod/ BELLRINGER
https://www.flocabulary.com/scientific method/ BELLRINGER USE this to fill in the top paragraph of the notes sheet I just gave you! While Europeans were exploring and colonizing the world, other Europeans
More informationScientific Revolution
Scientific Revolution Historical Context: In the sixteenth century thinkers in Europe believed that there were discoverable laws in nature known as natural laws. Through the use of observation and experimentation
More informationPlato ( BC) All natural motion is circular Reason is more important than observation
Plato (428-348 BC) All natural motion is circular Reason is more important than observation Aristotle (384-322 BC) Physics elements earth water air fire quintessence Eratosthenes (276-195 BC) He measured
More informationTHE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION !! The anatomy of the world John Donne (1611) New philosophy calls all in doubt The element of fire is quite put out; The sun is lost, and th Earth, and no man s wit Can well
More information9/12/2010. The Four Fundamental Forces of Nature. 1. Gravity 2. Electromagnetism 3. The Strong Nuclear Force 4. The Weak Nuclear Force
The Four Fundamental Forces of Nature 1. Gravity 2. Electromagnetism 3. The Strong Nuclear Force 4. The Weak Nuclear Force The Universe is made of matter Gravity the force of attraction between matter
More informationPhysics Unit 7: Circular Motion, Universal Gravitation, and Satellite Orbits. Planetary Motion
Physics Unit 7: Circular Motion, Universal Gravitation, and Satellite Orbits Planetary Motion Geocentric Models --Many people prior to the 1500 s viewed the! Earth and the solar system using a! geocentric
More informationPlanets & The Origin of Science
Planets & The Origin of Science Reading: Chapter 2 Required: Guided Discovery (p.44-47) Required: Astro. Toolbox 2-1 Optional: Astro. Toolbox 2-2, 2-3 Next Homework Due. Feb. 26 Office Hours: Monday, 12-2
More informationPlanetary Orbits: Kepler s Laws 1/18/07
Planetary Orbits: Kepler s Laws Announcements The correct link for the course webpage http://www.lpl.arizona.edu/undergrad/classes/spring2007/giacalone_206-2 The first homework due Jan 25 (available for
More informationDocument Analysis Worksheet: Galileo & the Moons of Jupiter
1. Type of Document (Check one) Document Analysis Worksheet: Galileo & the Moons of Jupiter Letter Diary Memoir Telegram Advertisement Newspaper Report Government document Other: 2. Date(s) of document:
More informationThe History of Astronomy. Theories, People, and Discoveries of the Past
The History of Astronomy Theories, People, and Discoveries of the Past Early man recorded very little history. Left some clues in the form of petrographs. Stone drawings that show eclipses, comets, supernovae.
More information2. 4 Base your answer to the question on the time line below and on your knowledge of social studies.
1. 3 One way in which the contributions of Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton are similar is that each 1. challenged the heliocentric theory of the universe 2. based his work on Enlightenment principles of
More informationWas Ptolemy Pstupid?
Was Ptolemy Pstupid? Why such a silly title for today s lecture? Sometimes we tend to think that ancient astronomical ideas were stupid because today we know that they were wrong. But, while their models
More informationEarth Science Lesson Plan Quarter 4, Week 5, Day 1
Earth Science Lesson Plan Quarter 4, Week 5, Day 1 Outcomes for Today Standard Focus: Earth Sciences 1.d students know the evidence indicating that the planets are much closer to Earth than are the stars
More informationEarth Science, 13e Tarbuck & Lutgens
Earth Science, 13e Tarbuck & Lutgens Origins of Modern Astronomy Earth Science, 13e Chapter 21 Stanley C. Hatfield Southwestern Illinois College Early history of astronomy Ancient Greeks Used philosophical
More informationChapter 2 The Science of Life in the Universe
In ancient times phenomena in the sky were not understood! Chapter 2 The Science of Life in the Universe The Ancient Greeks The Scientific Method Our ideas must always be consistent with our observations!
More informationMotions of the Planets ASTR 2110 Sarazin
Motions of the Planets ASTR 2110 Sarazin Motion of Planets Retrograde Motion Inferior Planets: Mercury, Venus Always near Sun on Sky Retrograde motion when very close to Sun on sky (Every other time) Superior
More informationIn so many and such important. ways, then, do the planets bear witness to the earth's mobility. Nicholas Copernicus
In so many and such important ways, then, do the planets bear witness to the earth's mobility Nicholas Copernicus What We Will Learn Today What did it take to revise an age old belief? What is the Copernican
More informationPtolemy (125 A.D.) Ptolemy s Model. Ptolemy s Equant. Ptolemy s Model. Copernicus Model. Copernicus ( )
Ptolemy (125 A.D.) Designed a complete geometrical model of the universe that accurately predicted planetary motions with errors within 5 0 Most of the geometric devices and basic foundations of his model
More informationGravitation Part I. Ptolemy, Copernicus, Galileo, and Kepler
Gravitation Part I. Ptolemy, Copernicus, Galileo, and Kepler Celestial motions The stars: Uniform daily motion about the celestial poles (rising and setting). The Sun: Daily motion around the celestial
More informationChapter 2 The Copernican Revolution
Chapter 2 The Copernican Revolution Units of Chapter 2 2.1 Ancient Astronomy 2.2 The Geocentric Universe 2.3 The Heliocentric Model of the Solar System The Foundations of the Copernican Revolution 2.4
More informationSpace Notes Covers Objectives 1 & 2
Space Notes Covers Objectives 1 & 2 Space Introduction Space Introduction Video Celestial Bodies Refers to a natural object out in space 1) Stars 2) Comets 3) Moons 4) Planets 5) Asteroids Constellations
More informationScientific Revolution and the Enlightenment Introduction
Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment Introduction Background What did the Renaissance do? The Renaissance sparked interest and curiosity about many things, allowing people to start to think for
More informationUnit 3 Lesson 2 Gravity and the Solar System. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Florida Benchmarks SC.8.N.1.4 Explain how hypotheses are valuable if they lead to further investigations, even if they turn out not to be supported by the data. SC.8.N.1.5 Analyze the methods used to develop
More informationImprisoned For the Truth
Imprisoned For the Truth Written by Boey Good day, my name is Galileo Galilei, and I'm not in a very good mood because I don't have much freedom. Read on and find out why. I was born in 1564, February
More informationcosmogony geocentric heliocentric How the Greeks modeled the heavens
Cosmogony A cosmogony is theory about ones place in the universe. A geocentric cosmogony is a theory that proposes Earth to be at the center of the universe. A heliocentric cosmogony is a theory that proposes
More informationLearning Objectives. one night? Over the course of several nights? How do true motion and retrograde motion differ?
Kepler s Laws Learning Objectives! Do the planets move east or west over the course of one night? Over the course of several nights? How do true motion and retrograde motion differ?! What are geocentric
More informationTHE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Presentation Topics 1. The Medieval View (189) 2. A New Way of Thinking (189-190) 3. Copernicus and the Heliocentric Theory (190) 4. Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler (190) 5. Galileo's
More informationDays of the week: - named after 7 Power (moving) objects in the sky (Sun, Moon, 5 planets) Models of the Universe:
Motions of the Planets ( Wanderers ) Planets move on celestial sphere - change RA, Dec each night - five are visible to naked eye Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn Days of the week: - named after 7
More informationIntroduction To Modern Astronomy I
ASTR 111 003 Fall 2006 Lecture 03 Sep. 18, 2006 Introduction To Modern Astronomy I Introducing Astronomy (chap. 1-6) Planets and Moons (chap. 7-17) Ch1: Astronomy and the Universe Ch2: Knowing the Heavens
More informationAstronomy A BEGINNER S GUIDE TO THE UNIVERSE EIGHTH EDITION
Astronomy A BEGINNER S GUIDE TO THE UNIVERSE EIGHTH EDITION CHAPTER 1 The Copernican Revolution Lecture Presentation 1.0 Have you ever wondered about? Where are the stars during the day? What is the near
More informationHistory of Astronomy. Historical People and Theories
History of Astronomy Historical People and Theories Plato Believed he could solve everything through reasoning. Circles and Spheres are good because they are perfect (never ending) and pleasing to the
More informationReading Preview. Models of the Universe What is a geocentric model?
Section 1 Observing the Solar System 1 Observing the Solar System Objectives After this lesson, students will be able to J.3.1.1 Identify the geocentric and heliocentric systems. J.3.1.2 Recognize how
More informationChapter. Origin of Modern Astronomy
Chapter Origin of Modern Astronomy 22.1 Early Astronomy Ancient Greeks Astronomy is the science that studies the universe. It includes the observation and interpretation of celestial bodies and phenomena.
More informationPractice Test DeAnza College Astronomy 04 Test 1 Spring Quarter 2009
Practice Test DeAnza College Astronomy 04 Test 1 Spring Quarter 2009 Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Mark answer on Scantron.
More informationToday. Review. Momentum and Force Consider the rate of change of momentum. What is Momentum?
Today Announcements: HW# is due Wednesday 8:00 am. HW#3 will be due Wednesday Feb.4 at 8:00am Review and Newton s 3rd Law Gravity, Planetary Orbits - Important lesson in how science works and how ultimately
More informationChapter 1 The Copernican Revolution
Chapter 1 The Copernican Revolution The Horse Head nebula in the Orion constellation (Reading assignment: Chapter 1) Learning Outcomes How the geocentric model accounts for the retrograde motion of planets?
More informationN = R * f p n e f l f i f c L
Astronomy 230 Section 1 MWF 1400-1450 106 B6 Eng Hall This Class (Lecture 20): Evolution of the Worldview Next Class: Lifetime Presentations MWF: Arthur Jones Mark Piergies Matt Clarkin Gergana Slavova
More informationLecture 4: Kepler and Galileo. Astronomy 111 Wednesday September 6, 2017
Lecture 4: Kepler and Galileo Astronomy 111 Wednesday September 6, 2017 Reminders Online homework #2 due Monday at 3pm Johannes Kepler (1571-1630): German Was Tycho s assistant Used Tycho s data to discover
More information