Glossary of Terms. Glossary. Meteor shower calendar. Shower Activity period Maximum Radiant Velocity (km/s) r ZHR Class
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1 of Terms Meteor shower calendar Shower Activity period Maximum Radiant Velocity (km/s) r ZHR Class Date SL RA Dec Antihelion source Nov 25 Sep II Quadrantids (QUA) Jan 01 Jan 05 Jan : I a Centaurids (ACE) Jan 28 Feb 21 Feb : II d Leonids (DLE) Feb 15 Mar 10 Feb : II g Normids (GNO) Feb 25 Mar 22 Mar : II Lyrids (LYR) Apr 16 Apr 25 Apr : I p Puppids (PPU) Apr 15 Apr 28 Apr : var III h Aquarids (ETA) Apr 19 May 28 May : I Eta Lyrids (ELY) May 03 May 12 May : II June Bootids (JBO) Jun 22 Jul 02 Jun : var III P. Austrinids (PAU) Jul 15 Aug 10 Jul : II d Aquarids (SDA) Jul 12 Aug 19 Jul : I a Caps. (CAP) Jul 03 Aug 15 Jul : II Perseids (PER) Jul 17 Aug 24 Aug : I k Cygnids (KCG) Aug 03 Aug 25 Aug : II Aurigids (AUR) Aug 25 Sep 08 Sep : II Sep. Perseids (SPR) Sep 05 Sep 16 Sep : II d Aurigids (DAU) Sep 18 Oct 10 Oct : II Draconids (GIA) Oct 06 Oct 10 Oct : var III e Geminids (EGE) Oct 14 Oct 27 Oct : II Orionids (ORI) Oct 02 Nov 07 Oct : I Leo Minorids (LMI) Oct 23 Oct 25 Oct : II South Taurids (STA) Sep 25 Nov 25 Nov : II North Taurids (NTA) Sep 25 Nov 25 Nov : II Leonids (LEO) Nov 10 Nov 23 Nov : var III a Monocero. (AMO) Nov 15 Nov 25 Nov : var III Dec Phoe. (PHO) Nov 28 Dec 09 Dec : var III Puppid/Velids (PUP) Dec 01 Dec 15 Dec : II Monocero. (MON) Nov 27 Dec 17 Dec : II s Hydrids (HYD) Dec 03 Dec 15 Dec : II Geminids (GEM) Dec 07 Dec 17 Dec : I C. Berenicids (COM) Dec 12 Jan 23 Dec : II Ursids (URS) Dec 17 Dec 26 Dec : I 187
2 Lunar conditions for the major annual showers at maximum activity Year QUA LYR ETA SDA PER ORI LEO GEM UMI Numbers indicate the age of the Moon in days New = 0; fi rst quarter = 7; full moon = 14; last quarter =
3 Activity period The dates in which a shower equals or exceeds a ZHR of 1. Altitude The angle in the sky of an object with 0 being on the horizon and 90 at the zenith. Class I (Major Annual Showers), II (Minor Annual Showers), and III (Variable Showers) Declination Celestial latitude expressed in degrees north or south of the celestial equator. Local Standard Time (LST) Your local time no matter location or time zone. Those who observe daylight saving time or summer time must add 1 h to the quoted times. Nadir Lowest point in the sky. r The ratio between one magnitude and the next. A higher r value indicates a fainter shower. Right ascension Celestial longitude expressed in degrees or hours/minutes. Solar longitude Dates expressed in degrees with zero commencing at the exact moment of the northern hemisphere s vernal equinox (March 21). Zenith Straight up, or 90 altitude. Zenith hourly rate (ZHR) The standard conditions in which the limiting magnitude is +6.5 and the radiant lies in the zenith. 189
4 Absolute magnitude, 150 Archernar (alpha Eridani), 112 Aldebaran (alpha Tauri), 91, 175, 177, 179 Alkaid (eta Ursae Majoris), 13, 106 Almach (gamma Andromedae), 110 Alpha Capricornids, 6, 79, 80, 82, 128, 174 Alpha Centaurids, 74, 168, 169 Alpha Circinids, Alpha Hydrids, , 168 Alpha Lyrids, 158, 175 Alpha Monocerotids, , 178 Alpha Pyxidids, 100 Alphard (alpha Hydrae), 97, 123, 124, 178, 179 Altair (alpha Aquilae), 126, 174 Altitude, 2, 13 14, 19, 25, 31, 32, 35, 38, 45, 52, 59, 60, 65, 66, 74, 77, 78, 101, 103, , , 113, 118, 120, , , , , , , 177 American Meteor Society (AMS), 9, 150, 162, , 181 Andromedids, Angular velocity, 91, 99, Antapex, 9, 170 Antiapex meteors, 9 Antihelion, 3, 5 10, 59, 75, 79, 90, 91, , , 138, 139, , , 179 Apex attraction, 6 Apex meteors, 8 9 April activity, April Draconids (APD), , 172 April Piscids (APS), 116 Arbeitskreis Meteore e. V. (AKM), 182 Arietids, 6, 8, 115, 117, 118, 174 Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers Meteors Section (ALPOMS), 182 Astronomical Society Ursa Meteor Section, 182 August activity, August Capricornids (AUC), 127, 128, 175 August Draconids (AUD), , 175 Aurigids, 8, 83 87, 129, 131, 132, 134, 176 Bellatrix (gamma Orionis), 134 Beta Aquariids (BAQ), , 174 Beta Hydrusids (BHY), 107 Beta Leo Minoris, 89 Beta Taurids (BTA), 119 Betelgeuse (alpha Orionis), 94, 138 Binoculars, Black cord, 146, 151 Breaks, 19, 25, 38, 52, 102, 142, , 174 British Astronomical Association Meteor Section (BAAMS), 182 Capella (alpha Aurigae), 87, 133, 175, 177, 179 Capricornids/Sagittariids (DCS), Cassette recorder, , 158 chi capricornids, 8, 116 Cirrus clouds, 142 Color, 2, 38, 59, 91, 141, 148, 149, 160, 166 Coma Berenicids (COM), 96 98, 122, 123, 139, 168, 179 Comet C1983 H 1, IRAS-Araki- Alcock, 78 Comet 1P/Encke, 119 Daylight Arietids, 174 Daytime showers, DCV, 150 December activity, Degree rule, 146 Delta Aquariids, 31 37, 79 81, 175 Delta Aurigids, 85, 86, 129, 134, 176 Delta Cygni, 78, 171 Delta Leonids, 75, 76, Delta Persei, 86, , 175 Delta Piscids, Deneb (alpha Cygni), 130, 171, 174, 175 Denebola (beta Leonis), 97, 168, 178 Draconids, , 129, 130, 172, 173, 175, 187 Draconids (Giacobinids), Duration, 14, 38, 97, 111, 118, 146, , 163, 166 Dutch Meteor Society (DMS), 89, 182 Earthgrazers, 38, 45, 59, 66, 118, 145 Electrophonic meteor sounds, 165 Epsilon Arietids, 8, 117 Epsilon Cassiopeiids, 128, 129, 175 Epsilon Geminids, 87, 88, 177 Epsilon Ursa Minorids, 132, 135, 136 Epsilon Virginids, 139, 179 Eta Aquariids, 19, 22, 24 31, 44, 126, 164, Eta Lyrids, 78, 173, 187 Eta Normae, 77 February activity, 4, 6, 9, 74, 75, 77, February Sextantids, , Fireballs, 149, , 184 Fomalhaut (alpha Piscis Austrinus), 81, 172 Gamma Delphinids, 104, 105 Gamma Leonids, 8, 119 Gamma Normids, 76 78, 169, 170, 187 Geminids, 3, 12, 58 64, 73, 87 88, 93, 94, 97, 152, 155, 159, 164, , 187 Gnomic star charts, 151 Hadar, 74 Halley s Comet, 1, 8, 21, 22, 44 Hamal (alpha Arietis), 110 Helion meteors, 8, 10 International Astronomical Union Commission 22 (IAU), 8, 12, 122, 182 International Meteor Organization (IMO), 10, 12, 75, 84, 89, 121, 122, 149, 151, 158, 159, 183 Iridium flares, 149 January activity, 4, 12, 74, 97, 122, 123, January Leonids, , 168 July activity, 31, 33 34, 79, 81, June activity, 102, 105, 106, June Bootids, 105, 106, 173, 187 June Lyrids (xi Draconids),
5 Kappa Cygnids, 81, 82, 175, 187 Kochab (beta Ursae Minoris), 65, 130, 167, 171 Length, 14, 25, 39, 45, 99, , 151, 152, 159, 160, 163 Leo Minorids, 88, 89, 187 Leonids, 2, 8, 51 58, 73, 75 76, 91, 108, 111, 119, , 164, , 178, 181, 187 Libra, 171, 173 Limiting magnitude, 13, 86, , 147, , 159 Lozenge, 108 Lyrids, 11, 18 24, 78 79, 158, 164, , 175, 187 Magnitude, 13, 25, 31, 38, 59, 65, 66, 75, 78, 86, 87, 89, 91, 93, 100, 101, , 112, 127, 129, 135, 136, 139, , 147, 148, 150 March activity, 92, 165, May activity, 78, 102, May Arietids, 117 MBK team, 183 Meteorites, 1, 2, 165 Meteorobs, 166, 183 Meteoroids, 1 3, 5, 6, 10, 164 MeteorScan, 163 Meteor trails, 150, 181 MetRec, 163 Monocerotids, 59, 94 95, , 138, 178, 179 mu Bootis, 103 Naos (zeta Puppis), 93 Nippon Meteor Society (NMS), 183 North American Meteor Network (NAMN), 183 Northern September Lyncids, , 176 Northern Taurids, 90 92, 119 North June Aquilids (NZC), November activity, 178 November Orionids (NOO), 138, 139, 178 Observing forms, 152 Obstructions, 142, 144 October activity, 177 October Camelopardalids, 134, 135, 177 Omicron Cetids, Orionids, 6, 22, 44 51, 87, 89, 91, 134, , 159, 164, Perseids, 32 44, 51, 58, 79, 82, 84 86, 115, 118, 133, 152, 159, 164, Persistent trains, 8, 97, 149, 150, 164, 166, 168, 176 Phoenicids (PHO), Photographic observations, pi Puppids, 101, 172 Piscis Austrinids (PAU), 80, 81, 174 Pleiades, 91 Plotting, 73, , 158, 159, 162 Point meteors, 145 Polaris (alpha Urase Minoris), 135, 175, 177 Pollux (beta Geminorum), 87, 137, Pracownia Komet i Meteoròw, 184 Procyon (alpha Canis Minoris), 111, 178 Puppid-Velids, 92 94, 179 Quadrantids, 11 18, 58, 59, 123, 164, 167, 168 Radiant, 3, 6 14, 18, 19, 23 26, 31 33, 35 38, 44, 45, 51, 52, 58, 59 Radiant distance, 11, 134, Radio Meteor Observers Bulletin (RMOB), 184 Radio observations, 115, , 184 Rigel Kentaurus, 105, 169 Sadalsuud (beta Aquarii), 127 September activity, 176 September Alpha Orionids, 133, 134, 176 September Perseids, 85 86, 176 September Ursae Minorids (SUM), , 176 Sextantids, , 124, 168 Shower association, 80, 87, 129, 144, 145, 147, 149, 163 Sigma Hydrids, 59, 95, 179 Sociedad de Observadores de Meteoros y Cometas de Espana (SOMYCE), 184 The Society for Popular Astronomy Meteor Section (SPA), 184 Southern September Lyyncids, 131, 132, 176 Southern Taurids, 6, 90 92, 119 Spanish Photographic Meteor Network (SPMN), 184 Sporadic contamination, 3 rates, 4, 5, 10, 92, 99, 129, 134, 167, 169, Tau Herculids (THE), Taurids, 6, 90 92, 119, 134, 136, 137, Tau Ursa Majorids, 136, 137, 177 TeFF, 151 Telescopic observations, Terminal burst, 147, 148, 166 Thermosphere, 2 Theta Leonis, 75 Thuban (alpha Draconis), 126 Toroidal meteors, 10 Trails, 33, 44, 51, 65, 73, 101, 108, 111, 150, 159, 160, 181 UFOCapture, 163 Unione Astrofili Italiani Sezione Meteor, 185 Ursids, 64 70, 77, 164, 179 Vega (alpha Lyrae), 78, 171, 173 Venus, 148, 164 Video observations, Virginids, 6, 8, 139, 170, 179 Zenith attraction, 9 Zeta Cancrids, 8, , 177 Zeta Perseids,
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