Galactic plane surveys: What have/will we learn(ed)? Henrik Beuther

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1 Galactic plane surveys: What have/will we learn(ed)? Henrik Beuther

2 M51 The Whirlpool Galaxy Blue: PAWS CO Red: THINGS HI Colors: multi-color HST Courtesy: T.A. Rector High-mass stars: Strong impact on ISM on scales of whole Galaxy - UV-radiation - Outflows/jets - Supernovae - Nucleosynthesis - Cluster formation - Only stars observable in extragalactic systems à Formation processes not well understood

3 Some Milky Way Surveys Continuum Surveys: - GLIMPSE: 3.6, 4.5, 5.8 & 8.0µm, l<=+-65deg, b<=1deg, MIPSGAL: 24 & 70µm, coverage similar to GLIMPSE - HIGAL: 70, 160, 250, 350, 500µm, full longitude, b<=+-1deg, ATLASGAL: 870µm, -80<l<60deg, b<=+-1.5deg, 19 - BGPS: 1.1mm, -10.5<l<90.5deg, b<=+-0.5deg - SCUBA-2 (JPS): 450 & 850µm, 6 fields between l=10 & 60deg Line surveys: - GRS: 13CO(1-0), 18<l<56deg, b<=+-1deg, 46 - COHRS: 12CO(3-2), goal 10<l<65deg, b<=0.5deg, 14 - THRUMMS: 12CO/13CO/C18O/CN(1-0), -60<l<-2deg, b<=+-2deg, 72 - SEDIGISM: GHz (13CO/C18O(2-1), SiO, SO, CH3OH, CH3CN, goal -60<l<18deg, b<=+-0.5deg, 28 - VGPS: HI, 18<l<67deg, b<=+-1.3deg, 60 - THOR: HI/OH/RRL, 15<l<65deg, b<=+-1.25deg, 20

4 Galactic structure from ATLASGAL data I ATLASGAL 875µm coverage of Galactic plane on top of IRAS data Schuller et al. 2009, Contreras et al Csengeri et al Urquhart et al. 2013a, 2013b, 2014

5 Galactic structure from ATLASGAL data II ATLASGAL 875µm coverage of Galactic plane on top of IRAS data Schuller et al Sagittarius Scutum M17 Norma Scutum Beuther et al. 2012

6 Galactic structure from ATLASGAL data III Approximate ATLASGAL scale height <=46pc. Beuther et al. 2012

7 Zooming into ATLASGAL RGB: 870µm, 24µm, 8µm, contours CO from Dame et al. (2001) - In 20deg 2, 233 out of 996 clumps starless à about 25%, column density threshold > 1x10 23 cm > 1000M sun, 3 > 3000M sun à Lifetime estimate (6+-5)x10 4 yr - See also Csengeri et al with ( )x10 4 yrs for the full survey Tackenberg et al. 2012

8 Giant Filaments in the Milky Way Nessie - Jackson et al. (2010), Goodman et al Characteristics: - Giant, over 1 degree in projection à >50pc at 3kpc - Dense gas in IR absoprtion and/or dust/gas emission - Velocity-coherent

9 Search for Giant Filaments in the Milky Way GLIMPSE/MIPSGAL - MIR UKIDSS - NIR Step 1: Identify extinction features Step 2: Verify velocity coherence Ragan et al. 2014

10 Some Results Ragan et al Nessie Ragan et al. 2014

11 Some Results Courtesy: Rowan Smith Wang et al. 2015

12 Southern hemisphere long filaments GLIMPSE and CO integrated int. CO 1 st moment and integrated int. Abreu et al. in prep.

13 Long filament properties See also poster: Zucker et al. à Unconference? Abreu et al. in prep.

14 THOR VGPS 1.4GHz VLA Survey (PI: H. Beuther): - 90 square degrees from 15 < L < 65 deg - 15 resolution, factor 4 improvement! - HI 21cm line, 4 OH lines, recombination lines and cm continuum (1-2 GHz) Tbyte of data volume hour large program at VLA 1.4GHz continuum 32deg Galactic Longitude 24deg 19deg

15 Goals: - Molecular cloud formation processes - Atomic to molecular gas conversion - OH molecular emission and absorption - OH masers - Ionized gas in continuum and RRL emission - Polarization continuum to identify supernovae and Faraday rotation

16 Cloud formation Galactic Latitude Color: HI (old VGPS) Contours: µm W43 complex HI column density Column Density [M pc 2 ] kpc Galactic Longitude Bihr et al. in press

17 Cloud formation Galactic Latitude Color: HI (new (old VGPS) THOR) Contours: µm W43 complex HI column density Column Density [M pc 2 ] kpc Galactic Longitude Bihr et al. in press

18 Cloud formation Galactic Latitude Color: HI (new (old VGPS) THOR) Contours: µm W43 complex HI column density Column Density [M pc 2 ] kpc Galactic Longitude Bihr et al. in press

19 Cloud formation Galactic Latitude Color: HI (new (old VGPS) THOR) Contours: µm W43 complex HI column density Column Density [M pc 2 ] kpc Galactic Longitude Bihr et al. in press

20 OH absorption in the Milky Way 1.4GHz continuum Green: HI Blue: OH Rugel et al. in prep.

21 OH absorption in the Milky Way Blue: OH Green HI FWHM(OH) OH/HI abund. ratio Rugel et al. in prep.

22 THOR 1.3GHz 1.43GHz 1.7GHz continuum 1.82GHz Spectral band 0 at GHz will be added. 1.95GHz Averaged image Bihr et al. in prep.

23 THOR 1.3GHz 1.43GHz 1.7GHz continuum 1.82GHz Spectral band 0 at GHz will be added. 1.95GHz Averaged image Bihr et al. in prep.

24 Source properties Bihr et al. in prep.

25 SEDIGISM: Structure, Excitation and Dymanics of the Inner Galactic ISM - PI: F. Schuller GHz: - Goal: -60<l<18deg, b<=+-0.5deg, ~60% completed Schuller et al.

26 SEDIGISM: Key science topics Large-scale Galactic structure Physical conditions: Temperatures, densities Chemistry, shocks Outflows Filaments Kinematics

27 Summary - Surveys cover almost all wavelength by now - Spectral lines and continuum - Allow to address: - Milky Way Structure - Physical processes in statistical sense - Increadible database for case studies