Astro 500 A500/L-6 1

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Astro 500 A500/L-6 1"

Transcription

1 Astro 500 1

2 Find values for WIYN & SALT instr.: Detector gain, read-noise, system efficiency WIYN Ø WHIRC Ø Bench Spectrograph Ø MiniMo Ø OPTIC What did you find? Ø ODI SALT Assignment: Ø SALTCAM v Work in pairs Ø RSS v Tabulate information v Assess availability, ease of access v Bring to class to present 2

3 Homeworks Show your work Cite your sources Make your write-up neat and organized Ø I can t grade it properly if I don t know what s going on. Wikipedia is not a peer-refereed source. Ø If you use a result from wikipedia, show the derivation make sure wikipedia is correct! 3

4 Telescopes & Optics Outline Defining the telescope & observatory Mounts Foci Optical designs Geometric optics Aberrations Conceptually separate Critical for understanding telescope and instrument capabilities and preliminary instrument design Essential for detailed instrument design and for evaluating data. 4

5 Telescopes as Facilities The Observatory: far more than telescope Ø Opto-mechanical and thermal control Ø Acquisition & guiding Ø Telemetry and sensing Ø Instrumentation and instrument interfaces (ports) Ø Software for telescope and instrument control Ø Technical support and maintenance Ø Data storage and transfer Ø Software pipelines for data reduction and analysis Ø Environment for observer and operator Ø Personnel management, technical and scientific leadership 5

6 Telescopes: broader relevance Telescopes are examples of optical systems serving as cameras, i.e., producing images from sources at infinity (collimated light). Spectrographs and re-imaging systems essentially use variants of these systems as collimators and cameras. 6

7 Telescopes What parameters define telescopes? Ø Collecting Area (A) Ø FOV (Ω) Ø Image Quality Ø Cost Ø Throughput Ø Spectral range Ø Plate scale/magnification Ø Pointing/tracking highly coupled We will focus on optical/ir telescopes; Most of this parameter space is relevant for light collection at other wavelengths. Telescopes as cameras Telescopes 7

8 Examples of Telescopes Ø Refracting o Galilean (1609) o Keplerian (1611) Ø Reflecting (4x harder to make!) o Newtonian (1672) o Gregorian (1673) o Cassegrain (1668) o Ritchey-Cretien (1927) Ø Catadioptric o Schmidt (1931) o Maksutov (1944) Why? Ø Multi-mirror o MMT (1977) o Keck (1992) o HET (1996), SALT (2005) o all ELT s (2014+) Trends to larger collecting area, but more compact in mounting and focal-ratio (speed). 8

9 ELT s Hale Keck 1&2 SALT VLT1-4 Herschel Parsons Yerkes Newton Galileo Credit: R. Racine 9

10 Telescope Mounts m m Ø Equatorial* o German (Yerkes) o English Yoke or English Cross o Fork (Shane 3m) o Horseshoe (CTIO & KPNO 4m) Ø Alt-Az (Altitude-Azimuth) o ARC, WIYN, ARC, SOAR o Keck, VLT, Subaru, LBT, MMT Megallan Ø Transit o Arecibo (radio) o LMT - liquid mirror telescope Ø Transit-Azimuth o HET, SALT First: 1977 Easiest for tracking Best for flexure, but pointing limitations Best compromise Most compact but requires computer control; has field rotation Cheapest but limited sky coverage (40%) Cheap and up to 70% sky coverage * 10

11 Telescope Foci Ø Prime Ø Newtonian Ø Cassegrain What s the difference? Ø Folded Cassegrain Ø Nasmyth Ø Coude Where s prime focus? 11

12 Types of Telescopes Category Primary Secondary Corrector Name Principal Aberrations Singlet lens Spherical refractor spherical + chromatic Singlet mirror Paraboloid mirror Newtonian coma + astigmatism Doublet mirrors Paraboloid Hyperbaloid Cassegrain coma Hyperbaloid Hyperbaloid Ritchey-Chertien (RC) astigmatism (twice Cassegrain field) Parabaloid Ellipsoid Gregorian field curvature Ellipsoid Spherical Dall-Kirkham Ellipsoid Ellipsoid Aplonatic Gregorian (AG) Multiplets Spherical Aspheric lens or Schmidt achromate doublet Spherical Hyperbaloid Aspheric lens Schmidt-Cassegrain best images but large obstruction v. wide field Spherical Spherical Spherical meniscus lens Maksutov Spherical 4-mirror asphere HET, SALT Low cost 12

13 Singlets 13

14 Doublets* *with a confusing mixture of labels for telescope types and foci 14

15 Multiplets: Catadioptrics Spherical Primary 15

16 Why different designs? Trade-offs primarily between cost, desired field of view (at given image-quality) and collecting area. Image-quality and field-of-view concern aberrations. 6 principal aberrations: Off-axis Radial Ø Chromatic Ø Spherical Ø Coma Ø Astigmatism Ø Distortion Ø Field curvature Lenses only The Big 3 Not strictly aberrations 16

17 Where we re headed Geometric Optics Ø Reflection Ø Refraction Ø Thin lens Ø Spherical optics Ø Conics Ø Stops Ø Pupils Ø Chief rays Ø Marginal ray Ø System design Optics Aberrations Chromatic Spherical Coma Astigmatism Distortion Field curvature Ø Telescope summary 17

18 Reading Walker - ok place to start Schroeder - ferocious, but very rigorous and remarkably general and complete McLean - fairly complete, but missing basics Ø Recommend: 1. Start with Walker to get an overview 2. Pick up McLean and a basic optics book (e.g., Meyer-Arendt, Introduction to Classical and Modern Optics ) and work out quoted results; return to Walker to reconcile results and nomenclature. 3. Then hit Schroeder s text running to go to expert level. 18

19 Some Everyday Concepts Specular and Diffuse Reflection Refraction Specular Diffuse Refraction 19

20 The Thin Lens s parallel ray & marginal ray 1 f = 1 s + 1 s' m = s' s = h' h = magnification f ratio = f /D, D = clear aperture h focal ray chief ray f Image Object f h 1 f P = optical power s 20

21 The Thin Lens h s D 1 f = 1 s + 1 s' m = s' s = h' h = magnification f ratio = f /D, D = clear aperture f Image Object Object at f h s 21

22 Spherical Optics Focal Length Defined Definition 1 f = 1 s + 1 s' = 2 R Object at Infinity s C s 1 = s' 1 f 1 = s' f = R/2 is referred to as the paraxial focal-length 2 R R f 22

23 Snell s Law n and n depend on λ Index = n θ Q θ P Index = n B C 1 V = (n F n C ) /(n D 1) = dispersive power F,D,C: solar-spectrum Fraunhofer lines (486, 589, 656 nm). V vs n is called a glass table. Fermat s principle: least time 23

24 An Aside: Implications of Snell s Law α (n 1)θ z (n 1)t n % d t sinθ 1 cosθ ( ' * & n cosθ' ) t θ α z n n n θ θ d Impact of wedges and and plane parallel plates on an optical beam If beam is converging, astigmatism introduced. Can be eliminated with wedge. 24

25 The Thick Lens s parallel ray & marginal ray h focal ray chief ray n 1 n 2 f 2 Image Object f 1 h n 2 = n n 2 1 f 2 R = refractive power f 2 /n 2 = reduced focal length R = radius of curvature s 25

26 Optical Power, P Two surfaces separation d index n n R 1 P 1 f = P 1 + P 2 d n P 1 P 2 R 2 Lensmaker s formula: f Two-surface spherical lens in air or vacuum R 1, R 2 radii of curvature R>0: center of curvature behind lens P = 1 f = (n 1) # % $ R 1 R 2 units : dioptor (m 1 ) d(n 1) nr 1 R 2 & ( ' 26

Astro 500 A500/L-7 1

Astro 500 A500/L-7 1 Astro 500 1 Telescopes & Optics Outline Defining the telescope & observatory Mounts Foci Optical designs Geometric optics Aberrations Conceptually separate Critical for understanding telescope and instrument

More information

Optical/IR Observational Astronomy Telescopes I: Telescope Basics. David Buckley, SAAO

Optical/IR Observational Astronomy Telescopes I: Telescope Basics. David Buckley, SAAO David Buckley, SAAO 27 Feb 2012 1 Some other Telescope Parameters 1. Plate Scale This defines the scale of an image at the telescopes focal surface For a focal plane, with no distortion, this is just related

More information

Optical/IR Observational Astronomy Telescopes I: Telescope Basics. David Buckley, SAAO

Optical/IR Observational Astronomy Telescopes I: Telescope Basics. David Buckley, SAAO David Buckley, SAAO 17 Feb 2010 1 Some other Telescope Parameters 1. Plate Scale This defines the scale of an image at the telescopes focal surface For a focal plane, with no distortion, this is just related

More information

Real Telescopes & Cameras. Stephen Eikenberry 05 October 2017

Real Telescopes & Cameras. Stephen Eikenberry 05 October 2017 Lecture 7: Real Telescopes & Cameras Stephen Eikenberry 05 October 2017 Real Telescopes Research observatories no longer build Newtonian or Parabolic telescopes for optical/ir astronomy Aberrations from

More information

1. History of Telescopes

1. History of Telescopes Astronomische Waarneemtechnieken (Astronomical Observing Techniques) 4 th Lecture: 9 September 010 1. History of Telescopes Hans Lipperhey 1608 first patent for spy glasses Galileo Galilei 1609 first use

More information

Optical/IR Observational Astronomy Telescopes I: Optical Principles. David Buckley, SAAO. 24 Feb 2012 NASSP OT1: Telescopes I-1

Optical/IR Observational Astronomy Telescopes I: Optical Principles. David Buckley, SAAO. 24 Feb 2012 NASSP OT1: Telescopes I-1 David Buckley, SAAO 24 Feb 2012 NASSP OT1: Telescopes I-1 1 What Do Telescopes Do? They collect light They form images of distant objects The images are analyzed by instruments The human eye Photographic

More information

Lecture 2: Basic Astronomical Optics. Prisms, Lenses, and Mirrors

Lecture 2: Basic Astronomical Optics. Prisms, Lenses, and Mirrors Lecture 2: Basic Astronomical Optics Prisms, Lenses, and Mirrors Basic Optical Elements Refraction (Lenses) No longer used for large telescopes Widely used for instrument optics Reflection (mirrors) Widely

More information

Modern Observational/Instrumentation Techniques Astronomy 500

Modern Observational/Instrumentation Techniques Astronomy 500 Modern Observational/Instrumentation Techniques Astronomy 500 Andy Sheinis, Sterling 5520,2-0492 sheinis@astro.wisc.edu MW 2:30, 6515 Sterling Office Hours: Tu 11-12 Hardware 1 Telescopes What parameters

More information

10 Lecture, 5 October 1999

10 Lecture, 5 October 1999 10 Lecture, 5 October 1999 10.1 Aberration compensation for spherical primaries: the Schmidt camera All-reflecting optical systems are called catoptric; all-refracting systems are called dioptric. Mixed

More information

Telescopes and Optical Systems

Telescopes and Optical Systems Telescopes and Optical Systems Goals of a telescope: To collect as much light as possible To bring the light to as sharp a focus as possible Numbers to keep in mind: ~ 206,265 arcsec in a radian 1.22 =

More information

Astronomical Optics. Second Edition DANIEL J. SCHROEDER ACADEMIC PRESS

Astronomical Optics. Second Edition DANIEL J. SCHROEDER ACADEMIC PRESS Astronomical Optics Second Edition DANIEL J. SCHROEDER Professor of Physics and Astronomy, Emeritus Department of Physics and Astronomy Beloit College, Beloit, Wisconsin ACADEMIC PRESS A Harcourt Science

More information

Telescopes and Optics II. Observational Astronomy 2017 Part 4 Prof. S.C. Trager

Telescopes and Optics II. Observational Astronomy 2017 Part 4 Prof. S.C. Trager Telescopes and Optics II Observational Astronomy 2017 Part 4 Prof. S.C. Trager Fermat s principle Optics using Fermat s principle Fermat s principle The path a (light) ray takes is such that the time of

More information

Telescopes: Portals of Discovery

Telescopes: Portals of Discovery Telescopes: Portals of Discovery How do light and matter interact? Emission Absorption Transmission Transparent objects transmit light Opaque objects block (absorb) light Reflection or Scattering Reflection

More information

Galilean telescopes use a diverging ocular placed closer to the objective lens than the focal length:

Galilean telescopes use a diverging ocular placed closer to the objective lens than the focal length: Telescope Optics ( Optics III ) References: Telescopes and Techniques, C. R. Kitchin, Springer pub. Telescope Optics It is worth noting that when observing through a telescope, beyond the primary lens

More information

Astronomical Observing Techniques Lecture 3: Eyes to the Skies

Astronomical Observing Techniques Lecture 3: Eyes to the Skies Astronomical Observing Techniques Lecture 3: Eyes to the Skies Christoph U. Keller keller@strw.leidenuniv.nl Outline 1. Poin8ng Telescopes on Earth 2. Space Telescope Orbits 3. Op8cal Telescopes 4. Radio

More information

Telescopes come in three basic styles

Telescopes come in three basic styles Telescopes come in three basic styles Refracting telescopes use lenses Refractors are either achromatic (some color distortion) or apochromatic (very little if any color distortion). Apo refractors use

More information

ABOUT SPOTTINGSCOPES Background on Telescopes

ABOUT SPOTTINGSCOPES Background on Telescopes 22 November 2010 ABOUT SPOTTINGSCOPES A spotting scope is a compact telescope designed primarily for terrestrial observing and is used in applications which require magnifications beyond the range of a

More information

The size of the pinhole defines the sharpness and the brightness of the image.

The size of the pinhole defines the sharpness and the brightness of the image. Chapter 4 Optical telescopes 4.1 Components of a telescopes 4.1.1 Pin hole camera and image scale. In a pin hole camera an image is formed always, independently of the object distance z 1 and the screen

More information

Why Use a Telescope?

Why Use a Telescope? 1 Why Use a Telescope? All astronomical objects are distant so a telescope is needed to Gather light -- telescopes sometimes referred to as light buckets Resolve detail Magnify an image (least important

More information

Astronomy 203 practice final examination

Astronomy 203 practice final examination Astronomy 203 practice final examination Fall 1999 If this were a real, in-class examination, you would be reminded here of the exam rules, which are as follows: You may consult only one page of formulas

More information

Observational Astronomy - Lecture 3 Telescopes and the Electromagnetic Spectrum

Observational Astronomy - Lecture 3 Telescopes and the Electromagnetic Spectrum Observational Astronomy - Lecture 3 Telescopes and the Electromagnetic Spectrum Craig Lage New York University - Department of Physics craig.lage@nyu.edu April 1, 2014 1 / 1 The Electromagnetic Spectrum

More information

Universe. Chapter 6. Optics and Telescopes 8/12/2015. By reading this chapter, you will learn. Tenth Edition

Universe. Chapter 6. Optics and Telescopes 8/12/2015. By reading this chapter, you will learn. Tenth Edition Roger Freedman Robert Geller William Kaufmann III Universe Tenth Edition Chapter 6 Optics and Telescopes By reading this chapter, you will learn 6 1 How a refracting telescope uses a lens to form an image

More information

Universe. Chapter 6. Optics and Telescopes 11/16/2014. By reading this chapter, you will learn. Tenth Edition

Universe. Chapter 6. Optics and Telescopes 11/16/2014. By reading this chapter, you will learn. Tenth Edition Roger Freedman Robert Geller William Kaufmann III Universe Tenth Edition Chapter 6 Optics and Telescopes By reading this chapter, you will learn 6 1 How a refracting telescope uses a lens to form an image

More information

Ground- and Space-Based Telescopes. Dr. Vithal Tilvi

Ground- and Space-Based Telescopes. Dr. Vithal Tilvi Ground- and Space-Based Telescopes Dr. Vithal Tilvi Telescopes and Instruments Astronomers use telescopes to gather light from distant objects and instruments to record the data Telescopes gather light

More information

Observational Astrophysics I

Observational Astrophysics I Observational Astrophysics I Nikolai Piskunov Oleg Kochukhov Kjell Lundgren 26 January 2018 1 Requirements to pass: n Attend lectures (9 lectures) n Do home work and report it in the class n Do telescope

More information

3/7/2018. Light and Telescope. PHYS 1411 Introduction to Astronomy. Topics for Today s class. What is a Telescopes?

3/7/2018. Light and Telescope. PHYS 1411 Introduction to Astronomy. Topics for Today s class. What is a Telescopes? PHYS 1411 Introduction to Astronomy Light and Telescope Chapter 6 Topics for Today s class Optical Telescopes Big Telescopes Advances in Telescope Designs Telescopes Mountings Problems with Mirrors and

More information

Astronomical Tools. Optics Telescope Design Optical Telescopes Radio Telescopes Infrared Telescopes X Ray Telescopes Gamma Ray Telescopes

Astronomical Tools. Optics Telescope Design Optical Telescopes Radio Telescopes Infrared Telescopes X Ray Telescopes Gamma Ray Telescopes Astronomical Tools Optics Telescope Design Optical Telescopes Radio Telescopes Infrared Telescopes X Ray Telescopes Gamma Ray Telescopes Laws of Refraction and Reflection Law of Refraction n 1 sin θ 1

More information

Astronomy. Optics and Telescopes

Astronomy. Optics and Telescopes Astronomy A. Dayle Hancock adhancock@wm.edu Small 239 Office hours: MTWR 10-11am Optics and Telescopes - Refraction, lenses and refracting telescopes - Mirrors and reflecting telescopes - Diffraction limit,

More information

Astronomical Techniques

Astronomical Techniques Astronomical Techniques Lecture 2 Yogesh Wadadekar ISYA 2016, Tehran ISYA 2016, Tehran 1 / 51 How sun moves? How do stars move in the sky? ISYA 2016, Tehran 2 / 51 Celestial sphere ISYA 2016, Tehran 3

More information

Lecturer: Ivan Kassamakov, Docent Assistants: Risto Montonen and Anton Nolvi, Doctoral

Lecturer: Ivan Kassamakov, Docent Assistants: Risto Montonen and Anton Nolvi, Doctoral Lecturer: Ivan Kassamakov, Docent Assistants: Risto Montonen and Anton Nolvi, Doctoral students Course webpage: Course webpage: http://electronics.physics.helsinki.fi/teaching/optics-2016-2/ Personal information

More information

Telescopes. Astronomy 320 Wednesday, February 14, 2018

Telescopes. Astronomy 320 Wednesday, February 14, 2018 Telescopes Astronomy 320 Wednesday, February 14, 2018 Telescopes gather light and resolve detail A telescope is sometimes called a light bucket. Number of photons collected per second is proportional to

More information

Telescopes. To get there, we need to control a bunch of aberrations that degrade the wavefronts.

Telescopes. To get there, we need to control a bunch of aberrations that degrade the wavefronts. Telescopes We want to: 1.) build the largest telescope we can afford (or can get someone else to buy for us), 2.) design it to be efficient and 3.) at the same time shield the signal from unwanted contamination,

More information

The Optical Design of the 40-in. Telescope and of the Irenee DuPont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, Chile

The Optical Design of the 40-in. Telescope and of the Irenee DuPont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, Chile The Optical Design of the 40-in. Telescope and of the Irenee DuPont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, Chile 1. S. Bowen and A. H. Vaughan, Jr. The optical specifications of two astronomical telescopes

More information

Optical Telescopes. Telescopes. Refracting/Reflecting Telescopes. Physics 113 Goderya

Optical Telescopes. Telescopes. Refracting/Reflecting Telescopes. Physics 113 Goderya Telescopes Physics 113 Goderya Chapter(s): 6 Learning Outcomes: Optical Telescopes Astronomers use telescopes to gather more light from astronomical objects. The larger the telescope, the more light it

More information

Telescopes. To get there, we need to control a bunch of aberrations that degrade the wavefronts.

Telescopes. To get there, we need to control a bunch of aberrations that degrade the wavefronts. Telescopes We want to: 1.) build the largest telescope we can afford (or can get someone else to buy for us), 2.) design it to be efficient and 3.) at the same time shield the signal from unwanted contamination,

More information

Observing the Universe. Optical Instruments

Observing the Universe. Optical Instruments Observing the Universe Optical Instruments Our Eye The fovea has a high concentration of cones sensitive to colour. Other parts of the retina have more rods these are not sensitive to colour, but have

More information

Lecture 2: Geometrical Optics 1. Spherical Waves. From Waves to Rays. Lenses. Chromatic Aberrations. Mirrors. Outline

Lecture 2: Geometrical Optics 1. Spherical Waves. From Waves to Rays. Lenses. Chromatic Aberrations. Mirrors. Outline Lecture 2: Geometrical Optics 1 Outline 1 Spherical Waves 2 From Waves to Rays 3 Lenses 4 Chromatic Aberrations 5 Mirrors Christoph U. Keller, Utrecht University, C.U.Keller@uu.nl Astronomical Telescopes

More information

Light and Telescopes

Light and Telescopes Light and Telescopes The key thing to note is that light and matter interact. This can happen in four principal ways: 1) emission a hot object such as the filament in a light bulb emits visible light 2)

More information

Optical Instruments. Optical Instruments 1. Physics 123, Fall 2012

Optical Instruments. Optical Instruments 1. Physics 123, Fall 2012 Optical Instruments 1 Physics 123, Fall 2012 Name Optical Instruments I. Magnifier The lens in the human eye adjusts its shape to change the focal length, so that objects at a variety of distances can

More information

More Optical Telescopes

More Optical Telescopes More Optical Telescopes There are some standard reflecting telescope designs used today All have the common feature of light entering a tube and hitting a primary mirror, from which light is reflected

More information

PAPER 338 OPTICAL AND INFRARED ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTS

PAPER 338 OPTICAL AND INFRARED ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTS MATHEMATICAL TRIPOS Part III Monday, 12 June, 2017 1:30 pm to 3:30 pm PAPER 338 OPTICAL AND INFRARED ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTS Attempt no more than TWO questions. There are THREE questions

More information

Telescope Fundamentals

Telescope Fundamentals Telescope Fundamentals The focus of this presentation is to provide an overview of popular equipment available to the amateur astronomy community, as well as the equipment s applicability to differing

More information

5. Aberration Theory

5. Aberration Theory 5. Aberration Theory Last lecture Matrix methods in paraxial optics matrix for a two-lens system, principal planes This lecture Wavefront aberrations Chromatic Aberration Third-order (Seidel) aberration

More information

D = telescope aperture h = wavelength of light being observed D and h must be in the same units.

D = telescope aperture h = wavelength of light being observed D and h must be in the same units. the diameter or aperture. Because stars are extremely far away, they appear as point sources of light even with a telescope. Their brightness in the telescope depends only on the size of the aperture.

More information

Astro 500 A500/L-15 1

Astro 500 A500/L-15 1 Astro 500 A500/L-15 1 Lecture Outline Spectroscopy from a 3D Perspective ü Basics of spectroscopy and spectrographs ü Fundamental challenges of sampling the data cube Approaches and example of available

More information

III. ASTRONOMY TOOLS:

III. ASTRONOMY TOOLS: III. ASTRONOMY TOOLS: A. Since light is so important to astronomers, they want to collect as much of it as possible from a given object, and quantitatively study it in great detail. 1. Astronomers use

More information

Introduction to aberrations OPTI 518 Lecture 14

Introduction to aberrations OPTI 518 Lecture 14 Introduction to aberrations Lecture 14 Topics Structural aberration coefficients Examples Structural coefficients Ж Requires a focal system Afocal systems can be treated with Seidel sums Structural stop

More information

Optics and Telescope. Chapter Six

Optics and Telescope. Chapter Six Optics and Telescope Chapter Six ASTR 111 003 Fall 2007 Lecture 06 Oct. 09, 2007 Introduction To Modern Astronomy I: Solar System Introducing Astronomy (chap. 1-6) Planets and Moons (chap. 7-15) Chap.

More information

A Large Spectroscopic Telescope for Space Object Identification

A Large Spectroscopic Telescope for Space Object Identification A Large Spectroscopic Telescope for Space Object Identification Mark R. Ackermann, Sandia National Laboratories John T. McGraw and Peter C. Zimmer, University of New Mexico Abstract A transportable, medium-aperture

More information

Optics.

Optics. Optics www.optics.rochester.edu/classes/opt100/opt100page.html Course outline Light is a Ray (Geometrical Optics) 1. Nature of light 2. Production and measurement of light 3. Geometrical optics 4. Matrix

More information

Facts underlying the ultrahigh accuracy of the Subaru Telescope

Facts underlying the ultrahigh accuracy of the Subaru Telescope Facts underlying the ultrahigh accuracy of the Subaru Telescope The Subaru Telescope is a large-scale optical/infrared telescope located near the summit of Maunakea (4200 m elevation) on Hawai`i Island,

More information

Chapter 5 Telescopes

Chapter 5 Telescopes Chapter 5 Telescopes Units of Chapter 5 Telescope Design Images and Detectors The Hubble Space Telescope Telescope Size High-Resolution Astronomy Radio Astronomy Interferometry Space-Based Astronomy Full-Spectrum

More information

Optics and Telescopes

Optics and Telescopes Optics and Telescopes Guiding Questions 1. Why is it important that telescopes be large? 2. Why do most modern telescopes use a large mirror rather than a large lens? 3. Why are observatories in such remote

More information

Prof. Jose Sasian OPTI 518. Introduction to aberrations OPTI 518 Lecture 14

Prof. Jose Sasian OPTI 518. Introduction to aberrations OPTI 518 Lecture 14 Introduction to aberrations Lecture 14 Topics Structural aberration coefficients Examples Structural coefficients Ж Requires a focal system Afocal systems can be treated with Seidel sums Structural stop

More information

Magnifying Glass. Angular magnification (m): 25 cm/f < m < 25cm/f + 1. image at 25 cm (= normal near point) relaxed eye, image at (normal) far point

Magnifying Glass. Angular magnification (m): 25 cm/f < m < 25cm/f + 1. image at 25 cm (= normal near point) relaxed eye, image at (normal) far point Magnifying Glass Angular magnification (m): 25 cm/f < m < 25cm/f + 1 relaxed eye, image at (normal) far point image at 25 cm (= normal near point) For more magnification, first use a lens to form an enlarged

More information

How Light Beams Behave. Light and Telescopes Guiding Questions. Telescopes A refracting telescope uses a lens to concentrate incoming light at a focus

How Light Beams Behave. Light and Telescopes Guiding Questions. Telescopes A refracting telescope uses a lens to concentrate incoming light at a focus Light and Telescopes Guiding Questions 1. Why is it important that telescopes be large? 2. Why do most modern telescopes use a large mirror rather than a large lens? 3. Why are observatories in such remote

More information

Geometric Optics. Scott Freese. Physics 262

Geometric Optics. Scott Freese. Physics 262 Geometric Optics Scott Freese Physics 262 10 April 2008 Abstract The primary goal for this experiment was to learn the basic physics of the concept of geometric optics. The specific concepts to be focused

More information

Coursework Booklet 2

Coursework Booklet 2 Level 3 Applied Science UNIT 16: Astronomy and Space Science PHYSICS SECTION Coursework Booklet 2 1 P a g e Astronomy and space science Learning aim B Undertake measurement and observation of astronomical

More information

Chapter 6 Light and Telescopes

Chapter 6 Light and Telescopes Chapter 6 Light and Telescopes Guidepost In the early chapters of this book, you looked at the sky the way ancient astronomers did, with the unaided eye. In chapter 4, you got a glimpse through Galileo

More information

Physics 3312 Lecture 7 February 6, 2019

Physics 3312 Lecture 7 February 6, 2019 Physics 3312 Lecture 7 February 6, 2019 LAST TIME: Reviewed thick lenses and lens systems, examples, chromatic aberration and its reduction, aberration function, spherical aberration How do we reduce spherical

More information

TELESCOPES An overview of the main tools used by astronomers to study the universe.

TELESCOPES An overview of the main tools used by astronomers to study the universe. Lesson 203: TELESCOPES An overview of the main tools used by astronomers to study the universe. Fundamental Questions Attempting to give thorough and reasonable answers to the following questions will

More information

It will cover material up to, but not including, Will consist of a few short-answers, 1-2 short essay, and a few problems + extra credit.

It will cover material up to, but not including, Will consist of a few short-answers, 1-2 short essay, and a few problems + extra credit. Astronomy 210 Section 1 MWF 1500-1550 134 Astronomy Building This Class (Lecture 13): Thermal Radiation Next Class: Exam #1 on Friday! Thursday Review Session Hour Exam #1 Music: The Space Race is Over

More information

How do they work? Chapter 5

How do they work? Chapter 5 Telescopes How do they work? Chapter 5 1. History 2. Lenses & Hardware 3. Reflecting Telescopes 4. Refracting Telescopes History Hans Lippershey Middleburg, Holland invented the refractor telescope in

More information

Ray Optics. 30 teaching hours (every wednesday 9-12am) labs as possible, tutoring (see NW s homepage on atomoptic.

Ray Optics. 30 teaching hours (every wednesday 9-12am) labs as possible, tutoring (see NW s homepage on  atomoptic. Erasmus Mundus Mundus OptSciTech Nathalie Westbrook Ray Optics 30 teaching hours (every wednesday 9-12am) including lectures, problems in class and regular assignments,, as many labs as possible, tutoring

More information

Telescopes. A Warm Up Exercise. A Warm Up Exercise. A Warm Up Exercise. A Warm Up Exercise. Key Ideas:

Telescopes. A Warm Up Exercise. A Warm Up Exercise. A Warm Up Exercise. A Warm Up Exercise. Key Ideas: Telescopes A Warm Up Exercise If we measure the wavelengths of emission lines and absorption lines from the same gas, we find that (ignoring any Doppler shifts) a) Some emission lines shift to the red

More information

Concave mirrors. Which of the following ray tracings is correct? A: only 1 B: only 2 C: only 3 D: all E: 2& 3

Concave mirrors. Which of the following ray tracings is correct? A: only 1 B: only 2 C: only 3 D: all E: 2& 3 Concave mirrors Which of the following ray tracings is correct? A: only 1 B: only 2 C: only 3 D: all E: 2& 3 1 2 3 c F Point C: geometrical center of the mirror, F: focal point 2 Concave mirrors Which

More information

Astronomical Instruments

Astronomical Instruments Astronomical Instruments 1 Human Eye iris Until 17 th century all astronomical studies limited to naked eye observations. Equipment used were mainly to measure positions of celestial objects in the sky.

More information

Alignment aberrations of the New Solar Telescope

Alignment aberrations of the New Solar Telescope Alignment aberrations of the New Solar Telescope Anastacia M. Manuel and James H. Burge College of Optical Sciences/University of Arizona 1630 East University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA ABSTRACT The

More information

PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICAL OPTICS

PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICAL OPTICS PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICAL OPTICS C. A. Bennett University of North Carolina At Asheville WILEY- INTERSCIENCE A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION CONTENTS Preface 1 The Physics of Waves 1 1.1 Introduction

More information

Chapter 6 Lecture. The Cosmic Perspective. Telescopes Portals of Discovery Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 6 Lecture. The Cosmic Perspective. Telescopes Portals of Discovery Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6 Lecture The Cosmic Perspective Telescopes Portals of Discovery 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Telescopes Portals of Discovery CofC Observatory 6.1 Eyes and Cameras: Everyday Light Sensors Our goals

More information

20. Aberration Theory

20. Aberration Theory 0. Aberration Theory Wavefront aberrations ( 파면수차 ) Chromatic Aberration ( 색수차 ) Third-order (Seidel) aberration theory Spherical aberrations Coma Astigmatism Curvature of Field Distortion Aberrations

More information

Chapter 6 Lecture. The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. Telescopes Portals of Discovery Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 6 Lecture. The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. Telescopes Portals of Discovery Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6 Lecture The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition Telescopes Portals of Discovery Telescopes Portals of Discovery 6.1 Eyes and Cameras: Everyday Light Sensors Our goals for learning: How do eyes

More information

Astronomy A BEGINNER S GUIDE TO THE UNIVERSE EIGHTH EDITION

Astronomy A BEGINNER S GUIDE TO THE UNIVERSE EIGHTH EDITION Astronomy A BEGINNER S GUIDE TO THE UNIVERSE EIGHTH EDITION CHAPTER 3 Telescopes Lecture Presentation 3.0 Imaging the universe Our original observations of the universe depended on our eyes! What other

More information

Telescopes, Observatories, Data Collection

Telescopes, Observatories, Data Collection Telescopes, Observatories, Data Collection Telescopes 1 Astronomy : observational science only input is the light received different telescopes, different wavelengths of light lab experiments with spectroscopy,

More information

Assignment 3 Due September 27, 2010

Assignment 3 Due September 27, 2010 Assignment 3 Due September 27, 2010 Text readings Stops section 5.3 Dispersing and Reflecting Prisms [sections 5.5.1 and 5.5.2] Optical systems section 5.7 Lens Aberrations [section 6.3] Be careful about

More information

Telescopes & Adaptive Optics. Roberto Ragazzoni INAF Astronomical Observatory of Padova

Telescopes & Adaptive Optics. Roberto Ragazzoni INAF Astronomical Observatory of Padova Telescopes & Adaptive Optics Roberto Ragazzoni INAF Astronomical Observatory of Padova PAST PAST FUTURE This is a simmetry line This object is drawn in a plane but it acctually reppresent a three dimensional

More information

Telescopes... Light Buckets

Telescopes... Light Buckets Telescopes... Light Buckets Now that we have an understanding of what light is and why it s important to astronomy, what tools are required to study light from distant objects? The telescope is the tool

More information

CHAPTER IV INSTRUMENTATION: OPTICAL TELESCOPE

CHAPTER IV INSTRUMENTATION: OPTICAL TELESCOPE CHAPTER IV INSTRUMENTATION: OPTICAL TELESCOPE Outline: Main Function of Telescope Types of Telescope and Optical Design Optical Parameters of Telescope Light gathering power Magnification Resolving power

More information

The Optical Design of the WIYN One Degree Imager (ODI)

The Optical Design of the WIYN One Degree Imager (ODI) The Optical Design of the WIYN One Degree Imager (ODI) Charles F. W. Harmer a, Charles F. Claver a, and George H. Jacoby b, a NOAO, P.O. Box 26732, Tucson, AZ 85726 b WIYN Observatory, 950 N. Cherry Ave,

More information

Part I. The Quad-Ridged Flared Horn

Part I. The Quad-Ridged Flared Horn 9 Part I The Quad-Ridged Flared Horn 10 Chapter 2 Key Requirements of Radio Telescope Feeds Almost all of today s radio telescopes operating above 0.5 GHz use reflector antennas consisting of one or more

More information

Spectroscopy at 8-10 m telescopes: the GTC perspective. Romano Corradi GRANTECAN

Spectroscopy at 8-10 m telescopes: the GTC perspective. Romano Corradi GRANTECAN Spectroscopy at 8-10 m telescopes: the GTC perspective Romano Corradi GRANTECAN Spectroscopy from large ground-based telescope At the vanguard of observational astronomy is a growing family of >8m telescopes:

More information

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 1

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 1 PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 1 1. The diagram shows the concave mirror of a Cassegrain reflecting telescope, together with the eyepiece lens. Complete the diagram of the telescope and mark on it the focal

More information

Facts Underlying the High Performance of the 188-cm Reflector Telescope

Facts Underlying the High Performance of the 188-cm Reflector Telescope Facts Underlying the High Performance of the 188-cm Reflector Telescope Okayama Astrophysical Observatory s 188-cm Reflector Telescope is the largest optical-infrared telescope in Japan. When introduced

More information

Chapter 5. Telescopes. Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Chapter 5. Telescopes. Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 5 Telescopes Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Why do we need Telescopes? Large collection area for photons than the eye long integration

More information

Lecture 4: Telescopes. Web site Stuff from last time Naked eye and magnitudes Development of telescopes Types of telescopes

Lecture 4: Telescopes. Web site Stuff from last time Naked eye and magnitudes Development of telescopes Types of telescopes Lecture 4: Telescopes Web site Stuff from last time Naked eye and magnitudes Development of telescopes Types of telescopes http://www.pa.msu.edu/courses/2003spring/ast312/ This is the class web page. Be

More information

Astronomy 114. Lecture 26: Telescopes. Martin D. Weinberg. UMass/Astronomy Department

Astronomy 114. Lecture 26: Telescopes. Martin D. Weinberg. UMass/Astronomy Department Astronomy 114 Lecture 26: Telescopes Martin D. Weinberg weinberg@astro.umass.edu UMass/Astronomy Department A114: Lecture 26 17 Apr 2007 Read: Ch. 6,26 Astronomy 114 1/17 Announcements Quiz #2: we re aiming

More information

Telescopes Refractors Reflectors Catadioptrics

Telescopes Refractors Reflectors Catadioptrics Optical Aberrations As indicated by the history of telescopes, limits of design were encountered as the instrument was developed. Here are diagrams to better explain each aberration: Telescopes Refractors

More information

ADAS Guide to Telescope Instrumentation and Operation. Produced by Members of the Society, April 2014

ADAS Guide to Telescope Instrumentation and Operation. Produced by Members of the Society, April 2014 ADAS Guide to Telescope Instrumentation and Operation Produced by Members of the Society, April 2014 1 Introduction The ADAS authors hope that this guide will prove useful and ask you to provide a feedback

More information

Measuring Light waves

Measuring Light waves Measuring Light waves We normally measure wavelengths (λ) using nanometers (nm) 1 nm = 10-9 m 400-700 nm Increasing wavelengths (λ)! Visible light has wavelengths between 400-700 nm! To detect other types

More information

Lecture 4: Telescopes. Previous Topics.

Lecture 4: Telescopes. Previous Topics. Lecture 4: Telescopes Web site Stuff from last time Naked eye and magnitudes Development of telescopes Types of telescopes http://www.pa.msu.edu/courses/2003spring/ast312/ This is the class web page. Be

More information

Triplespec: Motivations and Design. John Wilson

Triplespec: Motivations and Design. John Wilson Triplespec: Motivations and Design John Wilson Slit Viewer Prisms Slit Collimator Reimager OAP #2 Window Spec Camera Tele Focus Reimager OAP #2 Grating Outline Scientific Rationale Heritage of Triplespec

More information

The Main Point. Familiar Optics. Some Basics. Lecture #8: Astronomical Instruments. Astronomical Instruments:

The Main Point. Familiar Optics. Some Basics. Lecture #8: Astronomical Instruments. Astronomical Instruments: Lecture #8: Astronomical Instruments Astronomical Instruments: Optics: Lenses and Mirrors. Detectors. Ground Based Telescopes: Optical, Infrared, and Radio. Space Based Telescopes. Spacecraft Missions.

More information

Today. Doppler Effect & Motion. Telescopes

Today. Doppler Effect & Motion. Telescopes Today Doppler Effect & Motion Telescopes The Doppler Effect Doppler ball 2007 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Doppler Effect for Light Motion away -> redshift Motion towards

More information

Universe Now. 2. Astronomical observations

Universe Now. 2. Astronomical observations Universe Now 2. Astronomical observations 2. Introduction to observations Astronomical observations are made in all wavelengths of light. Absorption and emission can reveal different things on different

More information

Present and future Chinese large telescope projects

Present and future Chinese large telescope projects Scientific Requirements for Extremely Large Telescopes Proceedings IAU Symposium No. 232, 2005 P. Whitelock, M. Dennefeld & B. Leibundgut, eds. c 2006 International Astronomical Union doi:10.1017/s1743921306000998

More information

TRSS : A Three Reflection Sky Survey at Dome-C with active optics modified-rumsey telescope

TRSS : A Three Reflection Sky Survey at Dome-C with active optics modified-rumsey telescope TRSS : A Three Reflection Sky Survey at Dome-C with active optics modified-rumsey telescope by Gérard R. Lemaitre Observatoire Astronomique Marseille Provence / LAM / LOOM 2 Place Le Verrier, F-13248 Marseille

More information

Light and motion. = v c

Light and motion. = v c Light and motion This means that if you know what wavelength some radiation was emitted at (as you would for, say, a hydrogen Balmer line), then the observed wavelength tells you the velocity of the object

More information

The GMT Consortium Large Earth Finder. Sagi Ben-Ami Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory

The GMT Consortium Large Earth Finder. Sagi Ben-Ami Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory The GMT Consortium Large Earth Finder Sagi Ben-Ami Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory The Giant Magellan Telescope The GMT is one of the three next generation optical telescope. Segmented Gregorian

More information

Physical Principles of Electron Microscopy. 2. Electron Optics

Physical Principles of Electron Microscopy. 2. Electron Optics Physical Principles of Electron Microscopy 2. Electron Optics Ray Egerton University of Alberta and National Institute of Nanotechnology Edmonton, Canada www.tem-eels.ca regerton@ualberta.ca Properties

More information

VIRUS: A giant spectrograph

VIRUS: A giant spectrograph VIRUS: A giant spectrograph Nanjing August 17th 2007 A massively replicated spectrograph for the Hobby-Eberly-Telescope Slide 1 VIRUS: Outline A few facts about HET VIRUS-HETDEX, the experiment VIRUS spectrograph

More information