Very High Energy monitoring of the radio galaxy M87 with MAGIC during a low emission state between 2012 and 2015
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1 Very High Energy monitoring of the radio galaxy M87 with MAGIC during a low emission state between 2012 and 2015 ICRR, U-Tokyo and Max-Planck-Institute for Physics, Munich and P. Bangale, M. Manganaro, C. Arcaro, P. Colin, Ie. Vovk, F. Spanier, K. Mannheim for the MAGIC Collaboration 1 and S. Richter, F. Massaro, R. C. Walker, J. Madrid and K. Hada 1 :
2 Messier 87 Nearby giant radio galaxy, 16 Mpc, in the Virgo cluster Central black hole: M BH (3-6) 10 9 M Jet angle o, not a normal blazar Highly structured jet, knots resolved in radio, optical and X-rays Jet is variable: flares in radio, optical and X-rays 2
3 MAGIC telescopes Two 17 m diameter Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes MAGIC-I: since 2004 Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos La Palma, Spain, 2200 m a.s.l. MAGIC-II: since 2009, start stereoscopic observations : major upgrade of the readout of both telescopes and camera of MAGIC-I Energy range 50 GeV - over 50 TeV, 0.6% Crab Nebula in 50 h observations at E>250 GeV See performance details in Aleksić et al., AP (2016) 72, MAGIC-I MAGIC-II 3
4 The big three 4
5 VHE γ rays from M87 10 years of monitoring revealed 3 flares in VHE (E>100 GeV) periods: 2005 (H.E.S.S.) 2008 (H.E.S.S.+MAGIC +VERITAS) 2010 (H.E.S.S.+MAGIC +VERITAS) ApJ 746, 151 (2012) 5
6 VHE γ rays from M87 10 years of monitoring revealed 3 flares in VHE (E>100GeV) periods: 2005 (HESS) 2008 (MAGIC+VERITAS) 2010 (HESS+MAGIC +VERITAS) ApJ 746, 151 (2012) 6
7 MAGIC observations Observations: 2012 to 2015 Visibility: Dec/Jan to June/July Data taking in total ~ 156 hrs (good data). It s about 8% of the extragalactic data taken with MAGIC in that period. Most data taken under moderate moon light. Means special analysis and higher energy threshold. Also means monitoring proposal has higher chances to be accepted by TAC. Zenith range 15º - 50º Year Teff [h] Significance for E>300 GeV σ σ σ σ 7
8 Light curves 8
9 Energy spectrum MAGIC alone 9
10 Energy spectrum MAGIC alone 10
11 Energy spectrum Joint with Fermi-LAT Basically a power law over 5(!) decades in energy 11
12 MWL data 12
13 Modeling of the differential energy spectrum Preliminary modeling with a selfconsistent homogeneous SSC model (Weidinger&Spanier, IJMPhysD 19, 887 (2010)) Unclear if Optical flux is dominated by Synchrotron of relativistic electrons that are also responsible for the inverse Compton emission If we assume that Optical and Radio is from a different region (e.g. ADAF, gap, etc ), whereas X-rays and Gamma rays are from some small volume (R~10 15 cm, e.g., the base of the jet or region on the sheath) it does not look bad modeling the TeV (IC) index 1E-10 modeling the Sync index 1E-11 1E-12 higher inj1c higher inj1c higher inj1b higher inj1b higher inj2b higher inj2b higher inj1 higher inj1 high inj 4d2 b2 high inj 4d2 b2 high inj 4d2 b high inj 4d2 b Fermi Magic Chandra 2012Feb25 Chandra 2012Dec12 Chandra 2013Mar12 Chandra 2013Dec26 Chandra 2014Apr02 HST core VLBA 1.2 mas VLBA down the jet VLBA peak data EVN 1E-11 1E-12 high inj 4b2 high inj 4b2 high inj 4b1 high inj 4b1 high inj 4b3 high inj 4b3 Fermi Magic Chandra kev Chandra 1-2 kev Chandra 2-7 kev HST core VLBA 1.2 mas VLBA down the jet VLBA peak data EVN 10 1x10 1x1012 1x1014 1x1016 1x1018 1x1020 1x1022 1x1024 1x1026 1x x10 1x1014 1x1016 1x1018 1x1020 1x1022 1x1024 1x1026 1x1028 radio optical X-rays gamma rays radio optical X-rays gamma rays 13
14 Morphology Relative flux map (MAGIC) Center of Gravity of Excess Probably low state gamma-ray emission comes from the same "region" as the flare state emission, close to the core 14
15 Summary M87 is a known gamma-ray emitter (since 2004) After 3 major flares (2005, 2008, and 2010) MAGIC continued monitoring of M87, with about 40 h per year. Here we showed results from 2012 to 2015 campaigns Thanks to good sensitivity the source is clearly detected on monthly basis but no flaring activity detected Some hints of daily variability in 2013 (3σ) effect Multi wavelength picture remains stable in the last 5 years TeV gamma rays seem to come from the same (or close by) site as during the flares Amazing match between Fermi-LAT and TeV data: power law over 5 decades in energy Homogeneous SSC model can describe X-rays through gamma rays 15
16 BACKUP 16
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