Introduction to the Night Sky

Transcription

1 Slide 1 / 106 Slide 2 / 106 New Jersey Center for Teaching and Learning Progressive Science Initiative This material is made freely available at and is intended for the non-commercial use of students and teachers. These materials may not be used for any commercial purpose without the written permission of the owners. NJCTL maintains its website for the convenience of teachers who wish to make their work available to other teachers, participate in a virtual professional learning community, and/or provide access to course materials to parents, students and others. 1st Grade PSI: Unit 1 Stars Click to go to website: Slide 3 / 106 Slide 4 / 106 Table of Contents: Stars Click on the topic to go to that section Introduction to the Night Sky Astronomy Tools Introduction to the Night Sky What is a star? Types of Stars Return to Table of Contents Slide 5 / 106 What you know about night sky? What you want to know about what you see? What did you learn about things in the night sky?. K W L Slide 6 / 106 The Night Sky People have been looking up into the night sky for a very long time. They wondered about the shining lights that sparkled in the sky.

2 Slide 7 / 106 Twinkle Twinkle Little Star Slide 8 / 106 When people studied the night sky they began to see patterns in the sky. People in the past did not have tools to help them see a closer view of sky. They used their eyes and imagination. Click here to listen to the song and paint a picture in your mind. Those patterns are called constellations. Slide 9 / 106 Slide 10 / 106 Astronomers Astronomers are people who study stars. Astronomers Astronomers started keeping track of which stars appeared in the night sky. Do you see a pattern in this group of stars? Slide 11 / 106 Astronomers Astronomers also wanted to measure the positions of the stars. Slide 12 / Why did astronomers study the night sky? A To keep track of star patterns C Both A and B The constellation called the "Big Dipper" changes position in the sky throughout the year. B To keep track of star positions

3 Slide 13 / 106 Slide 14 / What are groups of stars that form patterns called? 3 If you stood on the roof of the school and looked at the night sky in August, and then went back to the same spot and looked at the night sky in January, the stars would be in the exact same position. A Special stars B Slide 15 / 106 True C Starlight False Slide 16 / 106 Let's Brainstorm! There are tools that help you to see things in the sky. Tools help you to complete a task. Astronomy Tools A pencil is a tool. It helps you write words or draw pictures. Do you know other tools? Return to Table of Contents Slide 17 / 106 Slide 18 / 106 Astronomy Tools Astronomy Tools Throughout the years, astronomers used tools to measure the positions and patterns of the stars. What tools do you think we could use to see objects that are very far away? These included astrolabes, quadrants, and sextants. These tools can measure the distances between stars. These tools helped astronomers make maps of the stars..

4 Slide 19 / 106 Astronomy Tools People built high towers called observatories to watch the movement and patterns in the sky. Slide 20 / 106 Astronomy Tools These observatories are tools! Slide 21 / 106 Astronomy Tools Slide 22 / 106 Astronomy Tools Our ancestors built large structures and monuments that lined up with the stars at certain times of the year. Star Calendar Star Map They kept track of the positions of the moon and stars every day and made maps and calendars based on their positions. Slide 23 / 106 Galileo Galilei Slide 24 / 106 Telescopes In 1609, a scientist by the name of Galileo Galilei invented the first telescope to get a closer look at stars. A telescope makes far away objects bigger and closer. Since the invention of the telescope we have learned a lot about the night sky. Teacher Note Some people believed that the stars were holes in the sky.

5 Slide 25 / 106 Telescopes and Satellites Slide 26 / 106 Hubble Space Telescope Today, there are many different types of telescopes and satellites astronomers use to study space. We now send telescopes into space so we can see very far away stars. The Hubble Space Telescope is floating in outer space and sends pictures back to Earth. Slide 27 / 106 Hubble Space Telescope Slide 28 / 106 Using Telescopes Click here to see some pictures from the Hubble Telescope. Thanks to their amazing tools, astronomers have discovered many other things in the night sky besides stars. Click here to see how a large telescope works Slide 29 / 106 Stars Slide 30 / 106 Stars If you live in a city it is harder to see a lot of stars Why? If you are out in the country or camping in the mountains or the desert away from the city lights, you may see thousands of stars.

6 Slide 31 / 106 Slide 32 / 106 Stars 4 Do the night sky and the day sky look the same? Is this picture of the night sky from a city or the country? A yes B no How do you know? Slide 33 / 106 Slide 34 / Before special tools were developed, a long time ago, people used their eyes and imagination to study the night sky. 5 What is a tool? A something that is big True B something that is hard to understand False Slide 35 / Which of the following is the best tool scientists have developed to study stars? A An astrolabe B A quadrant C A magnifying glass D A telescope Slide 36 / The man who invented the telescope was. A Astronomeritus B Galileo C Gallaxy C something that helps you do things

7 Slide 37 / 106 Slide 38 / In the city you see more stars than you can in the country. Yes No What is a star? Return to Table of Contents Slide 39 / 106 Slide 40 / 106 What are stars? What are stars? Stars produce a huge amount of energy. To us, stars look like bright lights. The star closest to us gives Earth the energy to stay warm, grow plants, and support all life. A star is a huge sphere of very hot gases. We call the star closest to us the Sun. The Sun is a star! Click here to see what Timon, Pumbaa, and Simba think stars are made of...which one is right? Slide 41 / 106 Slide 42 / 106 A water B cold B stone C hot A dark C gases 11 A star is made of 10 A star is

8 Slide 43 / 106 Slide 44 / What is the Star closest to Earth called? A The North Star B Star Bright Types of Stars C The Sun Return to Table of Contents Slide 45 / 106 Slide 46 / 106 Stars How far away are stars? In general, stars are very far away. Do you remember which star is closest to Earth? When you look up at the night time sky you may see many different stars. Slide 47 / 106 Slide 48 / 106 Star Size and Color Types of Stars Scientists study stars and place them in groups based on how they are alike or how they are different. Big Little White Blue Yellow Black Red Stars come in many sizes and colors.

9 Slide 49 / 106 Slide 50 / 106 Star Temperature and Color Star Temperature and Color Big (Giant) Stars are Hotter than Smaller Stars Have you ever noticed that fire can have different colors? Red - coolest part of flame Blue stars are hottest Then Yellow Yellow - hotter than red, cooler than blue Blue - hottest part of flame Then Red Stars also have different colors depending on temperature. Slide 51 / 106 Slide 52 / 106 Size of Stars 13 Which part of the fire is hottest? Stars come in all different sizes: B blue Blue Giant Stars are brightest! C both are the A yellow same temperature The hotter the star, the brighter it is. Come to the board and point out as many different colors as you can see. Slide 53 / 106 Slide 54 / Stars can be A big and little B all the same color C a smaller red star C big and little and different colors A a yellow star like our sun B a giant blue star 14 Which type of star is hottest and brightest

10 Slide 55 / 106 Slide 56 / 106 Types of Stars Giant Stars Many of the stars you see at night are giant stars. Giant stars can be blue or red. There are many kinds of stars in the sky. Some are very big. A couple of stars have been found that are 100 to 200 times larger than the Sun. Some very old stars are smaller than Earth. Slide 57 / 106 Blue Giant Stars Slide 58 / 106 Our Sun Right now our Sun is a yellow star. Blue Giant Stars are large and their gas burns quickly making them very hot. The Sun will grow bigger and become a Red Giant Star, and its light will shine much farther into space than it does right now. A Blue Giant is very bright. Slide 59 / 106 Red Dwarf Stars Red Dwarf Stars are smaller than our sun. There are many Red Dwarf Stars in outer space, but we see very few of them in the sky because they are small and produce very little light. Slide 60 / 106 White and Black Dwarf Stars A yellow star, like our sun, will cool and become a White Dwarf Star. After billions, maybe even trillions of years, the White Dwarf Star will stop glowing. At that point it will be what we call a Black Dwarf Star.

11 Slide 61 / 106 Slide 62 / 106 Life of the Sun Supernova There are a some stars that get really huge! They are called Supergiants! They are way bigger than our Sun and explode when they die. The explosion is called a Supernova. Most smaller stars, like our Sun, cool down and become White Dwarf Stars, then they fade into space and become Black Stars. Slide 63 / 106 Slide 64 / Are there stars that are bigger than the sun? 17 Red Dwarf stars are Yes A super giant B large C small Slide 65 / 106 Slide 66 / The closest star to Earth is the Sun. True B large False A small 18 Blue stars are C tiny No

12 Slide 67 / 106 Slide 68 / White stars fade into A black stars B white stars B blue stars A pink stars C blue stars 20 Yellow stars fade into C white stars Slide 69 / 106 Slide 70 / A Giant Blue Star is the size of the sun. 23 We see a lot of blue stars in the night sky because they are True Slide 71 / 106 A small B cool False C bright Slide 72 / We say stars have a life-cycle because they A are "born" when they are formed then fade away C both a and b B have growth stages: grow larger, then get smaller, Return to Table of Contents

13 Slide 73 / 106 are groups of stars. There are 88 different constellations in our sky. You can see different ones at different times of the year. Slide 74 / 106 Remember, a constellation is a group of stars that make an imaginary shape in the night sky. This group of stars looks like a bull! They are usually named after characters from stories, people, animals and objects. The mostly simple shapes and few stars make these patterns easy to identify, and for learning about the night sky. Slide 75 / 106 Slide 76 / 106 are pictures that you can see when you connect the stars - like connecting the dots. In different parts of the world, people give groups of stars special names based on their shape. A very long time ago, creating imaginary images out of stars became useful for keeping track of star positions. Slide 77 / 106 Sunlight and As Earth turns you can see different constellations. You cannot see constellations during the day because the Sun's light is too bright to see star light. Slide 78 / 106 Some Click here for a video on constellations

14 Slide 79 / 106 Slide 80 / 106 The Fishhook One constellation is the Northern Cross. Slide 81 / 106 Slide 82 / 106 The Great Dog Canis Major Slide 83 / 106 Slide 84 / 106 Cancer -The Crab Leo The Lion

15 Slide 85 / 106 Slide 86 / 106 Pisces Scorpius The Fish The Scorpion Slide 87 / 106 Slide 88 / 106 Ursa Major Taurus The Bull The Great Bear Slide 89 / 106 Slide 90 / are groups of stars in the night sky. B bright The Little Bear Ursa Minor C red A tiny

16 Slide 91 / 106 Slide 92 / Can you see different constellations at different times of the year? 27 are like a dot to dot drawing connecting B on planet to another planet No Slide 93 / 106 C one star to another to make a picture A one planet to a star Yes Slide 94 / 106 Finding stars 28 You can see constellations in the day time sky. Polaris Yes No Slide 95 / 106 Finding Stars The easiest way to find the North Star (Polaris) is to find the constellation called the Big Dipper in the northern part of the sky. Finding Polaris In the Northern Hemisphere, the easiest star to find is the North Star. The North Star's name is Polaris. Slide 96 / 106 Finding Stars To find the North Star use the two stars that form the edge of the cup of the Big Dipper away from the handle. Follow an imaginary line through these two stars and this line will point you toward the North Star.

17 Slide 97 / 106 Slide 98 / 106 Finding Stars 29 The North Star also called Polaris? Yes No The North Star is not a very bright star, so it might take some practice to find it easily. Slide 99 / 106 Slide 100 / 106 Navigation 30 To find the North Star you should find the first. Navigating at night was important to the sailors who looked toward the stars so that they would know which way to steer their boats. A Little Dipper B The Eagle C Big Dipper Slide 101 / 106 Slide 102 / 106 Navigation Farming What star is the ship below using to direct the boat north? Farmers looked at the patterns in the night sky to see what season it was, when it was the right time to plant seeds and when to harvest their crops. Orion Click here to learn about the star constellation Orion

18 Slide 103 / 106 Slide 104 / 106 Farming 31 Sailors looked to the patterns in the night sky to help them find their way. In North America - where people in the USA live farmers usually plant crops in March. True Based on this, what would the Big Dipper look like in the night sky when it's time to plant crops in the USA? False A B Slide 105 / 106 Slide 106 / Farmers used the constellations to help them know when to plant and harvest their crops. True Please return to your KWL chart False Let's fill in the column about what you learned!