Timing Applications and User Equipment R. Michael Garvey. Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop. 5-6 December 2005

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1 Timing Applications and User Equipment R. Michael Garvey Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 5-6 December 2005

2 Outline Atomic Clock Technologies Atomic Clock Vendors Rubidium Gas Cell Cesium Beam Hydrogen Maser Emerging Commercial Clock Technologies Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 2

3 Atomic Clock Allan Deviation Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 3

4 Precision Clock Manufacturers Accubeat Frequency Electronics Inc. Kvarz Observatory of Neuchatel PerkinElmer Stanford Research Systems Symmetricom Temex Time Vremya-CH -Israel -USA -Russia -Switzerland -USA -USA -USA -Switzerland -Russia Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 4

5 Rubidium Gas Cell

6 Rubidium Gas Cell Innovations Phase lock to 1 pps input Temperature compensation Digital control and telemetry Pumping light intensity stabilization Lower cost Smaller size Higher operating ambient temperature Robust monitoring and fault detection Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 6

7 Accubeat Rubidium AR-40A AR-60A AR-100B AR-61A AR-62A AR-80A Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 7

8 PerkinElmer Rubidium RFS 10 RAFS Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 8

9 Symmetricom Rubidium X72 LPRO C RubiSource T&M Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 9

10 Temex Rubidium LCR-900 MCFRS LPFRS HPFRS LPRO RMO Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 10

11 Toyocom Rubidium Rb-3100 Rb-5000 Rb-2010FB Rb-1008B Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 11

12 Stanford Research Systems Rubidium PRS10 FS725 Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 12

13 Frequency Electronics Rubidium FE 5658A FE 5660A FE 5652A FE 5650A Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 13

14 Clocks for Extreme Environments FEI 5600M Symmetricom 8122 Symmetricom 4410 Temex RAFS PerkinElmer RAFS Symmetricom 8130 Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 14

15 Rubidium Allan Deviation Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 15

16 Rubidium Allan Deviation Drift Removed Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 16

17 Disciplining Rubidium to GPS Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 17

18 Disciplining Rubidium to 1 pps Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 18

19 Temperature Compensation Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 19

20 Cesium Beam

21 Cesium Beam Innovations Microprocessors and direct digital synthesizers Improved microwave spectrum for atomic interrogation Servos to monitor and control magnetic field and microwave power Sophisticated interrogation to remove baseline effects Products customized for telecommunications Optical techniques in the future Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 21

22 Cesium Beam 4310 Test & Measurement 5071A - Metrology TimeCesium - Telecom Cs Timekeeping Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 22

23 Zeeman Levels in Magnetic Field Energy F=4 F= Hz Clock Transition "Zeeman" Transition m F Magnetic Bias Field Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 23

24 Cesium Spectrum Signal [ARB] Detuning [khz] Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 24

25 Clock Transition Signal [Arb] Detuning [khz] Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 25

26 4-Point Interrogation Interrogation Points CBT Signal RF Tuning [khz] Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 26

27 Passive and Active Hydrogen Maser

28 Vremya-CH VCH-1006 Passive Maser Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 28

29 Kvarz CH1-76A Passive Maser Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 29

30 Kvarz CH1-75 Active Maser Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 30

31 Observatory Neuchatel EFOS Maser Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 31

32 Symmetricom Sigma Tau MHM 2010 Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 32

33 Vremya-CH VCH-1003 VCH-1005 Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 33

34 Active Maser Allan Deviation Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 34

35 Maser Lifetime Age, in years Sigma Tau Maser LIf et ime ( as of December 2005 ) Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 35

36 Maser Frequency Drift D. Matsakis, P. Koppang and R. M. Garvey, 2004, The Long-Term Stability of the U.S. Naval Observatory s Masers, Proceedings of the 36th Annual Precise Time and Time Interval (PTTI) Systems and Applications Meeting, December 7-9, 2004 Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 36

37 BIPM Clocks Average Weights of the BIPM Clocks Data as of 09/26/05 - by clock type Average Weight Primary Clocks 5071A Hi Perf Hydrogen 5071A Std HP5061A/B Other Cesium Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 37

38 BIPM Clock Weight by Type BIPM International Atomic Time Component Clocks by Clock Weight Hydrogen 11.69% Primary Clocks 2.80% Other Cesium 0.02% HP5061A/B 0.01% Data as of 09/26/ A 85.49% Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 38

39 5071A BIPM Frequency Distribution High Performance 5071A Number of Clocks < >5 S1 Data as of 10/31/ Clocks Mean = 0.563E-13 Std Dev = 1.339E-13 Frequency Offset (x 1e13) Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 39

40 Chip Scale Atomic Clock Ultra small, ultra low power, modest performance Power: <30 mw Stability: <1e-11 Allan deviation at 1 hour averaging time Size: < 1 cm 3 CSAC Physics Package CSAC Prototype Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 40

41 Optically Pumped Cesium 9192 MHz F=3 + F=4 F=3 F=3 + F=4 Photo Detector Optical Pumping Laser Source Optically Pumped CBT Fluorescence Detection Laser Source Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 41

42 Contact information Time and Frequency Services with Galileo Workshop 42

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