Physics Homework Set I Su2015

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1 1) The particles which enter into chemical reactions are the atom's: 1) _ A) protons. B) positrons. C) mesons. D) electrons. E) neutrons. 2) Which of the following type of electromagnetic radiation has the highest energy? 2) _ A) radio B) x-ray C) infrared D) ultraviolet E) visible 3) An incandescent light (glowing tungsten filament) produces: 3) _ A) an emission spectrum, with bright lines due to ionized tungsten. B) a continuous spectrum, with the peak giving the temperature of the filament. C) a continuum, with bright tungsten lines added. D) an absorption spectrum, with dark lines due to the solid filament. E) a continuum, with dark lines of tungsten and argon as well. 4) Which of the following type of electromagnetic radiation has the lowest energy? 4) _ A) infrared B) ultraviolet C) radio D) visible E) x-ray 5) The splitting of spectral lines in the presence of strong magnetic fields is the: 5) _ A) Photoelectric Effect. B) polarization of sunlight. C) Zeeman Effect. D) Second Law of Kirchhoff. E) Doppler Effect. 6) The energy required to ionize a hydrogen atom whose electron is in the ground state (energy level 1) is 6) _ A) 10.2 ev B) 12.1 ev C) 13.6 ev D) ev E) 13.1 ev 7) The three laws dealing with the creation of various spectra are due to: 7) _ A) Fraunhofer. B) Einstein. C) Newton. D) Bohr. E) Kirchhoff. 8) According to the Zeeman effect, the splitting of a sunspot's spectral lines is due to 8) _ A) temperature variations. B) their magnetic fields. C) their radial velocity. D) their rapid rotation. E) a Doppler shift, 9) The broadening of spectral lines can be caused by: 9) _ A) density of the hot medium. B) rotation of the star. C) magnetic fields of the star. D) thermal motion of the hot atoms. E) all of the above 10) What is spectroscopy? 10) - 1 -

2 A) a study of the geometry of rainbows B) an analysis of the way in which atoms absorb and emit light C) an observational technique to measure the brightness of light at different colors D) a method to freeze atmospheric turbulence for better resolution E) the use of CCDs to capture light more efficiently than with photographic film 11) In the proton-proton cycle, the positron is 11) A) an anti-electron. B) massless. C) a spin conservation particle. D) intermediate between the proton and neutron in mass. E) the chief means energy reaches the photosphere. 12) From inside out, which is in the correct order for the structure of the Sun? 12) A) radiative zone, convective zone, chromosphere B) convective zone, radiative zone, granulation C) core, convective zone, radiative zone D) core, chromosphere, photosphere E) photosphere, radiative zone, corona 13) About what percent of the incoming energy from the Sun' reaches Earth's surface? 13) A) 30-60% B) 60-80% C) 50-70% D) % E) 70-90% 14) The temperature of the layer of gas that produces the visible light of the Sun is: 14) A) 3,500 K B) 15 million K C) 12,300 K D) 300,000 K E) 5,800 K 15) The speed of light is 3.00 m/s. If 2.00 kg of mass is converted to energy, how much energy will be produced? 15) A) 1.80 J B) 9.00 J C) 6.00 J D) 6.00 J E) 1.50 J 16) In the proton-proton cycle, the helium atom and neutrino have less mass than the original hydrogen. What happens to the "lost" mass? 16) A) It is converted to energy

3 B) It is ejected into space. C) It is transformed into electrons. D) It is recycled back into hydrogen. E) Conservation of mass dictates no mass can be lost. 17) Which is the net result of the proton-proton chain? 17) A) 4 protons = 1 helium neutrinos + gamma rays B) 4 protons = 1 helium 4 + a positron + a neutrino + gamma rays C) 2 protons = deuterium + a positron + an antineutrino + x-rays D) 6 protons = 2 heliums + 3 positrons + 3 neutrinos + gamma rays E) 4 protons = 2 helium positrons + ultraviolet radiation 18) The critical temperature to initiate the proton-proton cycle in the cores of stars is: 18) A) 2,300,000 K. B) 10 million K.z C) 100 million K. D) 3,000 K. E) 5,800 K. 19) Which of these are not associated with the active Sun? 19) A) granulation B) prominences C) flares D) sunspots E) aurora 20) Why couldn't you stand on the Sun's surface? 20) A) The Sun doesn't have a solid surface. B) The Sun's surface is too highly magnetized for anything to survive there. C) You could stand on it, if a sufficiently protective spacesuit could be designed. D) You could stand on the surface. E) The Sun has no surface at all...the photosphere is an illusion. 21) Which of the following best describes the size and distance relationship of our Sun and the nearest star? 21) A) two baseballs separated by 100 yards B) two grains of sand separated by 100 light years C) a tennis ball here, another on the Moon D) two beach balls separated by 100 city blocks E) two golf balls separated by 100 kilometers 22) Which type of binary can have their sizes measured directly by photometry? 22) A) spectroscopic B) virtual C) eclipsing D) visual E) astrometric 23) What is the typical main sequence lifetime of a B-type star? 23) - 3 -

4 A) 100 million years B) 20 million years C) 1 billion years D) less than a million years E) 10 billion years 24) The star's color index is a quick way of determining its: 24) A) mass. B) temperature. C) density. D) composition. E) luminosity. 25) On the H-R diagram, white dwarfs lie Sirius B and Procyon B lie 25) A) at the lower left. B) at the lower right. C) at the top right. D) at the top left. E) close to the Sun, near the center. 26) What is the single most important characteristic in determining the course of a star's evolution? 26) A) surface temperature B) distance C) density D) absolute brightness E) mass 27) If a star appears to move relative to other stars over a one-year period, this motion is due to the star's 27) A) doppler shift. B) transverse motion. C) radial motion. D) true space motion. E) parallax shift. 28) Upon what data do measurements of sizes of eclipsing binaries depend? 28) A) their Doppler shifts and durations of stages of their eclipses B) their masses and luminosities C) their temperatures and masses D) their orbital periods and separations E) their temperatures and speeds 29) Procyon lies about 13 light years distant, thus its parallax is about: 29) A) 0.40" B) 0.25" C) 1.3" D) 0.65" E) 0.01" 30) On the H-R diagram, the Sun lies 30) A) about the middle of the main sequence. B) at the bottom left

5 C) at the bottom right. D) at the top right. E) at the top left. 31) Due to absorption of shorter wavelengths by interstellar dust clouds, distant stars appear 31) A) larger. B) redder. C) to have a higher radial velocity. D) bluer. E) brighter. 32) Emission nebulae like M42 occur only near stars that emit large amounts of 32) A) x-rays and gamma rays. B) microwaves. C) ultraviolet radiation. D) visible light. E) infrared heat. 33) Unlike the ultraviolet photons originally emitted by the embedded stars of an emission nebula, the photons emitted by the recombination of electrons with atoms 33) A) do not escape the nebula. B) are scattered by the dust particles. C) are re-absorbed by neutral hydrogen atoms. D) bounce around inside the nebula. E) escape the nebula. 34) The of light passing through thin dust clouds lets us map the Galaxy's magnetic field. 34) A) granulation B) absorption C) diffraction D) polarization E) ionization 35) The relative density of dust to gas is least in which place? 35) A) reflection nebulae B) the atmosphere of Earth C) molecular clouds D) the interstellar medium E) dark nebulae 36) Which of the following describes the shape of dust particles, based on polarization of light? 36) A) diamonds B) disks C) cubes D) rodlike E) spheres 37) The most common molecule in a molecular cloud is: 37) A) water, O. B) molecular hydrogen,. C) carbon monoxide, CO

6 D) methane, C. E) ammonia, N. 38) Complex molecules in space are found: 38) A) inside dense dust clouds. B) surrounding the more energetic young stars. C) scattered evenly throughout interstellar space. D) in the photospheres of red giant stars. E) in the coronas of stars like our Sun. 39) When an electron in H changes its spin from the same to the opposite direction as the proton, it 39) A) emits an x-ray photon. B) neither emits nor absorbs a photon. C) absorbs a radio wave photon. D) absorbs a visible light photon. E) emits a radio wave photon. 40) Spectra of stars often show narrow absorption lines from interstellar matter. What type of interstellar matter produces these? 40) A) molecules B) dust C) ionized gas D) neutral gas E) all of the above - 6 -

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