Numerical Investigation of Power Tunability in Two-Section QD Superluminescent Diodes

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1 Numerca Investgaton of Power Tunabty n Two-Secton QD Superumnescent Dodes Matta Rossett Paoo Bardea Ivo Montrosset POLITECNICO DI TORINO DELEN

2 Summary 1. A smpfed mode for QD Super Lumnescent Dodes (SLD) 2. Snge secton SLD: smuated and expermenta resuts 3. How to ncrease te output power: 2 sectons SLD tapered actve regon saturabe absorber 4. Concusons

3 Exstng Modes SIMPLE RATE EQUATION MODEL MULTI POPULATION RATE EQUATION MODEL (MPRE) WL WL A snge rate equaton for eac confned QD state and for te correspondng emssons. No nformaton on te emsson spectrum ony on tota optca power emtted from GS and ES Very ow computatona cost QD popuaton s subdvded n many subpopuatons to represent QD se dsperson Te poton popuaton s represented wt a spectray resoved mode Hg accuracy n modeng of QD based devces Hg computatona cost

4 Our smpfed mode WL WL Carrer dynamcs n QD states s modeed by a sma set of rate equatons one for eac contnuous dstrbuton of GS ES1 and ES2 QD states and one for te carrer reservor respectvey. Inomogeneous broadenng of te QD energy eves s taen nto account n te gan and spontaneous emsson rate cacuaton Spectray resoved mode s used to represent ASE Reduced computatona cost respect to MPRE Crp s modeed consderng a set of rate equatons for eac group of QD

5 Our smpfed mode: potons ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ] ( ) w p g sp g S N K g v R d ds v ω α ω ω ω 2 1 ± ± + = ± Δ x y d rdge ( ) ( ) ( ) N K G g g w p m Γ = α ω ω ρ ξ ω ) ( ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) = sp N G g n R ρ ω ω λ π ω TRAVELLING WAVE mode = Dstrbuton functon used to mode te nomogenous broadenng of te QD energy spectrum due to dot-se dsperson = 1 2 number of QD ayer groups = ES2 ES1 GS ( ) G ω ω

6 Our smpfed mode: numerca souton Inta condtons d N = f N 0 S( λ) = 0 dt ( ) 0 0 = Statonary souton of te rate equatons wtout potons N = N 0 Potons propagaton: ± 1 S sp sp λ 2 ± g ( N λ ) Δ ( ± Δ λ ) = S ( λ ) e + β R ( ± Δ ) S ± Convergence S new S < ε od ( ) N Fna Statonary Souton: N ( ) ± S ( λ) Rate equatons: d N( ) = f ( N( ) S( λ) ) = 0 dt Statonary souton wt potons

7 6-mm ong and 4-μm wde snge contact SLD wt 6 QD ayers 6QD ayers of InAs/In 0.35 Ga 0.65 As Dwe 7 tted and ant-refecton coated facets

8 6-mm ong and 4-μm wde snge secton SLD wt 6 QD ayers EP condton Expermenta Smuated Output power P EP 1.1 mw 1.5 mw Injected Current I EP 350 ma 400 ma -3 db bandwdt ~100 nm ~95 nm Centra dp ~ 5.5 db ~5.5 db

9 EP condton vs. devce engt Output power at EP condton ncreases exponentay wt te devce engt snce GS saturates at ow power I EP = ma L = 1 cm P EP = 39.4 mw L = 1 cm

10 Power tunabty n two-sectons SLD We consder a 1cm ong devce and use two contacts wt dfferent engts and L 2 L 2 P out We coose te vaues of J 1 and searc for EP condton cangng J 2 Te devce exbts a tunabty of te EP pont EP pont: tota power P EP [mw] Current densty J 2 [μa/μm 2 ] at EP Unform njecton Current densty J 1 [μa/μm 2 ] at EP =5mm =4mm =3mm =2mm =1mm =5mm =4mm =3mm =2mm =1mm Current densty J 1 [μa/μm 2 ] at EP

11 Power tunabty n two-sectons SLD Tunabty range depends on te rato /L 2 t s maxmum (5-40mW) wen =L 2 Unfortunatey ts s te condton tat requres te ger tota current to obtan a certan EP power. Terefore: g tunabty-> g dsspaton n te devce A reasonabe coce: =4mm L 2 =6mm Te dp and bandwdt n te power spectrum are amost constant Tota power at EP condtons: P ep [mw] Power densty [dbm] =5mm =4mm =3mm =2mm =1mm Unform njecton EP pont: tota njected current I [ma] tot EP EP spectra for =4mm L 2 =6mm λ [nm]

12 9 Power tunabty n two-sectons SLD: g net maps GS and ES pea waveengts as a functon of contro currents no possbe power mprovement usng two contacts Te maxmum EP power s aways obtaned at unform njecton We report te net moda gan averaged aong te cavty at te In ts devce GS gan at unform njecton s aready saturated EP wt unform njecton EP curve I2 [ma] I1 [ma] I1 [ma] I2 [ma] g net ES (1215nm) g net GS (1290nm) 200

13 Smuatons of tapered 6 QD ayers SLDs P [mw] In order to ncrease te power at EP condton we studed a fared structure wt 4mm constant wdt wavegude and 6mm tapered regon Te output power s gy ncreased tans to te ger optca confnement factor and to te arger actve regon area Power densty [dbm] I = 2150 ma ; P tot = 119 mw λ [nm] EP condton I [ma] Power densty [dbm] I = 200 ma I = 400 ma I = 800 ma I = 1200 ma I = 1600 ma I = 2000 ma I = 2200 ma =4mm 2θ=0.15 L 2 =6mm P out λ [nm]

14 Power tunabty n two secton SLD wt fared wavegude 140 We nvestgate te power tunabty of ts ayout usng te same approac used for te unform wavegude SLD Tunabty s mproved (20-130mW) Te maxmum reaceabe power s aso mproved respect to te case wt unform njecton J 1 J 2 P out Tota [mw] Current densty J 1 [μa/μm 2 ] EP wt unform njecton Current densty J [μa/μm 2 ] Current densty J 1 [μa/μm 2 ]

15 Power tunabty n 2 secton SLD wt fared wavegude: g net map Te power ncrease s possbe snce te GS mean net moda gan n not saturated yet at unform njecton Ts s due to te ger saturated net moda gan n secton 2 (fared) respect to te one n secton 1 (unform wavegude) EP wt unform njecton EP curve g net GS (1290nm) g net ES (1215nm)

16 SLD wt mproved output power usng a saturabe absorber We tred to equae te emssons from GS and ES at ger output power We couped te 6mm unform wavegude gan regon wt a 2mm tapered absorbng secton wt a ceaved termna facet R=30% L abs = 2 mm R(λ) GAIN L gan = 6 mm P out EP s now obtaned at 1.2A: output power s about 40 tmes ger tan n te case wtout absorber! A

17 SLD wt mproved output power usng a saturabe absorber ES eft propagatng potons wc reac te absorber secton are strongy absorbed contrbutng terefore to te GS popuaton nverson n te absorber (poton recycng) GS potons can terefore be furter ampfed aso n te absorbng secton We can tus obtan a strongy waveengt dependent equvaent refectvty at te nterface between gan and absorbng sectons: as expected refectvty s muc ower for ES tan for GS EP condton s obtaned for a wde range of current ( mA) ES GS R(λ)

18 Concusons We proposed an aternatve mode to descrbe SLD power spectra n a computatonay effcent way. We apped te mode to te anayss of SLDs wt 6 dentca QD ayers. Smuatons sow a good agreement wt expermenta resuts. We nvestgated te power tunabty range of 2 sectons devces wt unform and fared wavegudes We sowed tat te use of a fared actve secton can ncrease te power tunabty range and te maxmum avaabe power We anayed te effects of a saturabe absorber regon couped to te gan secton: ncreased output power and EP tunabty

19 Acnowedgments Ts wor was made possbe by Seffed Unversty for te structure growt III-V Lab for te devce reaaton and caracteraton NANO UB SOURCES European Project for supportng ts actvty.

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