Wendy Korn, Moon Chang (IBM) ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News Vol. 35, No. 1, March 2007
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1 CPU 2006 Sestvty to Memory Page Szes Wedy Kor, Moo Chag (IBM) ACM SIGARCH Computer Archtecture News Vol. 35, No. 1, March 2007
2 Memory usage 1. Mmum ad Maxmum memory used 2. Sestvty to page szes 3. 4K, 64K, 16M 4. 16GB also supported by AIX but ot studed 5. AIX 5L V IBM System p5 wth POWER5+ processor 7. Memory crtero for SPEC CPU 2005 selecto 8. 95% mem cosumed the code submtted 9. Less tha 900MB 32-bt mode
3 IBM POWER 5+ Speculatve superscalar processor OOO (Out of order) capabltes 1 fetch ut, 1 decode ut 2 load/store ppes, 2 fxed-pot ppes 2 floatg pot ppes 2 brach executo ppes Fetch-wdth 8 strs per cycle Dspatch/Complete 5 strs per cycle
4 IBM POWER 5 It s a multcore chp 2 processor cores per chp Cache sze for local per core L1 caches 64KB I; 32 KB- D FIFO replacemet Store-through wrte polcy to L2 Ufed, shared 1.9MB L2 cache 36 MB L3 cache Commucato betwee L2, L3 & other POWER5s Doe by Fabrc cotroller
5 IBM POWER5 MMU TLB, SLB, ERAT TLB - Traslato Look-asde Buffer SLB Segmet Look-asde Bufer ERAT Effectve to Real Address Table SLB ad TLB are searched oly whe ERAT caot accomplsh the traslato SMT processor Smulataeous Mult-threadg multple hardware threads ca ru smultaeously But CPU2006 s sgle-threaded
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8 POWER5 PMU PMU Performace Motor Ut 2 dedcated regsters that cout a.istructos completed b. cycles 4 programmable regsters that ca cout 4 out of 300+ hardware evets from CPU or memory
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10 AIX Support for Multple Page Szes 4 dfferet page szes supported by AIX 5L V5.3 AIX allocates a boot-tme determed umber of 4KB ad 64KB pages for varous segmets 3 regos of address space Text, data, stack Kerel uses 64KB pages for shared lbrary segmets 4KB ad 64KB are supported for all 3 regos 16MB supported for text ad data regos oly AIX has a commad called vmo to eable large pages
11 Multple Page Sze Support 3 ways to bd a page sze to a executable Lker optos to tag the executable Lker tool to tag the executable Evromet varables Superpages very commo these days (eve 1TB) It s mportat to uderstad page behavor presece of superpages Couter support exsts most archs
12 Data Collecto OS commads lke svmo ad perf-couters used Elapsed ru tme (fxed couter) Speed-ru As opposed to rate ru Speed-ru meas sgle threaded ru Rate-ru meas multple copes of the typcally sgle-threaded SPEC cpu programs Sapshot of text, data ad lbrary regos every secod usg svmo Svmo results for maxmum ad average memory usage (MB)
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20 Fdg a Sgle Number to dcate Performace of a Bechmark Sute Lzy Kura Joh
21 21 AM, GM, HM A x x 1 1 H x x 1 1 G x x x x x x 1/ 1 2 1
22 Example llustratg Arthmetc Mea does t correctly summarze Speedup Speedup Speedup M1 tme M2 tme M1 over M2M2 over M1 P P AM GM 1 1 What s wrog wth AM? Normalzg wrto M1 says M2 s 5x faster ormalzg over M2 says M1 s 5x faster.
23 GM s cosstet rrespectve of whch mache was used as referece Speedup Speedup M1 tme M2 tme M1 over M2M2 over M1 P P AM GM 1 1 But s GM correct?
24 GM s cosstet but cosstetly wrog Speedup Speedup M1 tme M2 tme M1 over M2M2 over M1 P P AM GM 1 1 Why? Compare executo tmes
25 GM s cosstet but cosstetly wrog Speedup Speedup M1 tme M2 tme M1 over M2M2 over M1 P P AM GM Based o executo tmes, whch mache s faster? Is AM correct or GM correct for exec tmes? AM
26 Weghted meas 1 x x A H w 1 1 w x 1 1 w x Stadard defto of mea assumes all measuremets are equally mportat Istead, choose weghts to represet relatve mportace of measuremet Copyrght 2004 Davd J. Llja 26
27 What makes a good mea? Tme based mea (e.g. secods) Should be drectly proportoal to total weghted tme If tme doubles, mea value should double Rate based mea (e.g. operatos/sec) Should be versely proportoal to total weghted tme If tme doubles, mea value should reduce by half Whch meas satsfy these crtera? Copyrght 2004 Davd J. Llja 27
28 Copyrght 2004 Davd J. Llja 28
29 Arthmetc mea for tmes Produces a mea value that s drectly proportoal to total tme Correct mea to summarze executo tme 1 T T A 1 Copyrght 2004 Davd J. Llja 29
30 Copyrght 2004 Davd J. Llja 30 Arthmetc mea for rates Produces a mea value that s proportoal to sum of verse of tmes But we wat versely proportoal to sum of tmes A T F T F M M / 1
31 Arthmetc mea for rates Produces a mea value that s proportoal to sum of verse of tmes But we wat versely proportoal to sum of tmes Arthmetc mea s ot approprate for summarzg rates M A 1 1 F 1 F 1 M 1 T / T Copyrght 2004 Davd J. Llja 31
32 Harmoc mea for tmes Not drectly proportoal to sum of tmes T H 1 1 T Copyrght 2004 Davd J. Llja 32
33 Harmoc mea for tmes Not drectly proportoal to sum of tmes Harmoc mea s ot approprate for summarzg tmes T H 1 1 T Copyrght 2004 Davd J. Llja 33
34 Harmoc mea for rates Produces (total umber of ops) (sum executo tmes) Iversely proportoal to total executo tme Harmoc mea s approprate to summarze rates M H 1 T 1 F F 1 M 1 T Copyrght 2004 Davd J. Llja 34
35 Geometrc mea Correct mea for averagg ormalzed values or ratos, rght? Used to compute SPECmark Good whe averagg measuremets wth wde rage of values, rght? Matas cosstet relatoshps whe comparg ormalzed values Idepedet of bass used to ormalze But we saw t s cosstetly wrog 35
36 Geometrc mea for tmes Not drectly proportoal to sum of tmes T T G 1 1/ Copyrght 2004 Davd J. Llja 36
37 Geometrc mea for tmes Not drectly proportoal to sum of tmes Geometrc mea s ot approprate for summarzg tmes T G T 1 1/ Copyrght 2004 Davd J. Llja 37
38 Geometrc mea for rates Not versely proportoal to sum of tmes T G 1 M 1/ 1 F T 1/ Copyrght 2004 Davd J. Llja 38
39 Geometrc mea for rates Not versely proportoal to sum of tmes Geometrc mea s ot approprate for summarzg rates T G 1 1 M F T 1/ 1/ Copyrght 2004 Davd J. Llja 39
40 Geometrc mea for ratos Does provde cosstet rakgs Idepedet of bass for ormalzato But ca be cosstetly wrog! Value ca be computed But has o physcal meag Copyrght 2004 Davd J. Llja 40
41 Summary of Meas Avod meas f possble Loses formato Arthmetc Whe sum of raw values has physcal meag Use for summarzg tmes (ot rates) Harmoc Use for summarzg rates (ot tmes) Geometrc mea Not useful whe tme s best measure of perf Copyrght 2004 Davd J. Llja 41
42 Geometrc mea s correct for thgs wth multplcatve relatoshps Prof. Harvey Crago s archtecture book Cosder a 3-stage amplfer Amplfer 1 has stage gas of 2,3,6 Some desg chage makes the gas crease to 3,4,7 What s the ga mprovemet per stage? G.M. of 3/2, 4/3, ad 7/6 = or 32.6% Copyrght 2004 Davd J. Llja 42
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46 May books wrte that GM s correct for ratos but that s correct Speedup Speedup M1 tme M2 tme M1 over M2M2 over M1 P P AM GM
47 Lot of Bad Press for AM but. Speedup Speedup M1 tme M2 tme M1 over M2M2 over M1 P P AM GM Is AM correct or GM correct for exec tmes? AM
48 GM s cosstet but cosstetly wrog Speedup Speedup M1 tme M2 tme M1 over M2M2 over M1 P P AM GM Ca you mage ay stuato whch GM s correct?
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