Using a TCSC for Line Power Scheduling and System Oscillation Damping Small Signal and Transient Stability Studies

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1 Using a TCSC for Line Power Scheduling and System Oscillation Damping Small Signal and Transient Stability Studies Nelson Martins - CEPEL Herminio Pinto - CEPEL John J. Paserba - Mitsubishi Electric Products, Inc.

2 Paper Outline TCSC control aspects reviewed Tutorial example (Full data provided) Two line power scheduling strategies Design of power oscillation damping controller Potential control problems during line outages Transient stability results 2

3 Small Power System with TCSC MW 1 P1-2 P2-3 4 P2-4 P4-3 3

4 TCSC Control System Diagram Power System x cont TCSC Controls PI Controller F 1 (s) x ref + Σ PI (s) POD Controller B PI + Σ B B POD F 2 (s) POD (s) x inp 4

5 TCSC Controls x cont PI Controller B max Parallel Line Status x ref + Σ Ki + Kp s B min + POD Controller Logic ON/OFF Protection + Σ B PI B POD + B max Series Susceptance B min B 2-4 x inp stw 1 + stw 1 + sat 1 + st n K stab Washout Lead-Lag Gain Ki = 5, Kp = 0.5 in all cases x cont = P 2-4 for Constant Line Power Strategy x cont = P P 2-1 for Constant Angle Strategy B max = 5 B min = 2.5 = 0.1 5

6 TCSC at Fixed Impedance Mode Dominant Mode λ = ±j j

7 POD Controller Design POD Controller design is here based on Nyquist Plots of a chosen Open Loop Transfer Function (OLTF) Generator speed (ω) is chosen as the POD controller input Local bus frequency could be used No need for phase compensation 7

8 POD Controller Design rad/s rad/s 5.0 rad/s A rad/s Z A rad/s rad/s Z rad/s rad/s Real Real Nyquist Plot of OLTF POD Controller Nyquist Plot of OLTF * POD (s) ω (s) s s B POD (s) Washout Gain 8

9 TCSC with POD Controller P P P Dominant Mode λ = ±j j

10 Root Locus for Changes in Gain of POD Controller 8 K = 1500 K = 300 Imaginary K = K = Real 0 10

11 TCSC Line Power Scheduling Strategies Constant Line Power Keeps the power flow in line at a specified value Constant Angle Line absorbs any changes in generator power Keeps the steady-state state flows at parallel fixed impedance paths at constant level 11

12 TCSC with POD and Constant Line Power Controllers P P P 2-4 Keeps the power flow in line 2-4 at a specified value Dominant Modes: λ = ±j j and λ =

13 TCSC with POD and Constant Angle Controllers P P P Keeps the power flow in the parallel path at constant level Dominant Modes: λ = ±j j and λ =

14 Step Disturbance in TCSC Line Power Order P P P Dominant Mode λ =

15 Line Outage Condition (Small Signal and Transient Stability) For non-linear simulation: t = 0.5 s -> Short circuit in line 2-3 t = 0.6 s -> Fault clearance by line tripping t = 0.6 s -> Reject of one gen. unit (200 MW) 800 MW 1 P1-2 2 P2-3 = zero 4 3 P2-4 P4-3 P1-2 = P2-4 = P4-3, neglecting losses 15

16 Line Outage Condition (Small Signal Stability Results) PI-Controller = ON POD Controller = ON Serious Control Problem Dominant Mode: λ = Ι V V

17 Line Outage Condition (Small Signal Stability Results) PI-Controller = OFF POD Controller = ON System Stable Dominant Mode: λ = ±j P P

18 Transient Stability Results Const. Line Power and POD Controllers are active TCSC output limiter is active (B min, B max ) System Very Poorly Damped B TCSC 800 P Fault Clearance by line tripping and one generator unit drop ( t = 0.6 s ) Short circuit in line 2-3 ( t = 0.5 s ) 18

19 Transient Stability Results Const. Line Power and POD Controllers are active Both TCSC limiters are active System Performance Still Inadequate B TCSC 800 P Fault Clearance by line tripping and one generator unit drop ( t = 0.6 s ) Short circuit in line 2-3 ( t = 0.5 s ) 19

20 Transient Stability Results PI-Controller channel turned off by protection logics when line 2-3 is tripped System Highly Damped P B TCSC Fault Clearance by line tripping and one generator unit drop ( t = 0.6 s ) Short circuit in line 2-3 ( t = 0.5 s ) 20

21 Concluding Remarks Benefits gained by using modal analysis and frequency response in addition to transient stability TCSC effective for line power schedulling and system oscillation damping Some additional protection, e.g. power flow controller blocking, may be needed when certain contingencies occur or when the controller is saturating 21

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