Chapter 7. Chapter 7
|
|
- Briana Charles
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter 7
2 Combination circuits Most practical circuits have combinations of series and parallel components. You can frequently simplify analysis by combining series and parallel components. An important analysis method is to form an equivalent circuit. An equivalent circuit is one that has characteristics that are electrically the same as another circuit but is generally simpler.
3 Combination circuits For example: R1 1.0 k R k is equivalent to R k There are no electrical measurements that can distinguish the boxes.
4 Combination circuits Another example: is equivalent to R1 R2 1.0 k 1.0 k R 1,2 500 There are no electrical measurements that can distinguish the boxes.
5 is equivalent to R1 1.0 k R k R k R 3.7 k 1,2 3 R 4.7 k is equivalent to R 1,2, k There are no electrical measurements that can distinguish between the three boxes.
6 Combination circuits Kirchhoff s voltage law and Kirchhoff s current law can be applied to any circuit, including combination circuits. For example, applying KVL, the path shown will have a sum of 0 V. 0 VR 2 VR4 VR5 VR V 0.417V V S 5.0 V Start/Finish V S 0.417V 0.417V R V R V R R V R V R V
7 Combination circuits Kirchhoff s voltage law and Kirchhoff s current law can be applied to any circuit, including combination circuits. So will this path! 0 VR 2 VR V V S 1.25V V S 5.0 V 5V + - St a rt/finish R R V 1.25V R V R R R 5 100
8 Kirchoff s current law can also be applied to the same circuit. What are the readings for node A? V S 5.0 V + I ma I I T = I R1 + I R2 R1 A V R S 1 I ma 5V 270 I ma R I R2 R R 3 R 2 5V VS [ R3 ( R4 R5 R6)] 5V 470 [ ] R R 6 8.0mA R V
9 Combination circuit V S + 10 V R 2 R R 3 Tabulating current, resistance, voltage and power is a useful way to summarize parameters. Solve for the unknown quantities in the circuit shown. I 1 = 21.6 ma R 1 = 270 V 1 = 5.82 V P 1 = 126 mw I 2 = 12.7 ma R 2 = 330 V 2 = 4.18 V P 2 = 53.1 mw I 3 = 8.9 ma R 3 = 470 V 3 = 4.18 V P 3 = 37.2 mw I T = 21.6 ma R T = 464 V S = 10 V P T = 216 mw
10 Kirchhoff s laws can be applied as a check on the answer. V S + 10 V R 2 R R 3 Notice that the current in R 1 is equal to the sum of the branch currents in R 2 and R 3. The sum of the voltages around the outside loop is zero. I 1 = 21.6 ma R 1 = 270 V 1 = 5.82 V P 1 = 126 mw I 2 = 12.7 ma R 2 = 330 V 2 = 4.18 V P 2 = 53.1 mw I 3 = 8.9 ma R 3 = 470 V 3 = 4.18 V P 3 = 37.2 mw I T = 21.6 ma R T = 464 V S = 10 V P T = 216 mw
11 Loading effect of a voltmeter V S + 10 V Assume V S = 10 V, but the meter reads only 4.04 V when it is across either R 1 or R 2. Can you explain what is happening? R k R 2 47k All measurements affect the quantity being measured. A voltmeter has internal resistance, which can change the resistance of the circuit under test. In this case, a 1 M internal resistance of the meter accounts for the readings V V
12 Loading effect on Voltage-dividers I Bleeder is the leftover current that flows in the divider after splitting through the load(s) k If R L = 1kΩ, then V OUT = 10V V 3.33 I R1 = I R2 + I RL I T IT I T 5V I T I R2 = I Bleeder I RL
13 Loading effect on Voltage-dividers As R L increases, less load current is drawn from the divider, larger percentage of I T flows through R 2, V OUT approaches maximum value. As R L decrease, more load current is drawn from the divider, smaller percentage of I T flows through R 2, V OUT approaches 0V. V OUT = Maximum V OUT = Approaches 0V V OUT = Approaches Maximum
14 Loaded Voltagedividers Current paths Find all voltages and currents! Without R L2 and R L1, V A 12V and V B 6V
15 Loading effect on Voltage-divider SOLUTION 10.7k 22.7k Find V A = V RL1 : 24V 11.31V
16 Loading effect on Voltage-divider SOLUTION Find V R1 : VS VA 24V 11.31V 12. 7V
17 Loading effect on Voltage-divider SOLUTION 5.84k 12.04k Find V B = V RB = V RL2 = V R3 : V A 11.31V 5. 49V
18 Loading effect on Voltage-divider SOLUTION Find V R2 : VA VB 11.31V 5.49V 5. 82V
19 Loading effect on Voltage-divider SOLUTION All Voltages Found! 11.31V 5.49V 12.7V 5.82V 5.49V 5.49V 11.31V
20 Loading effect on Voltage-divider SOLUTION Find I T : Check: VR1 R V 12k 1.06mA R 1 VS 24V RA 22.7k 1.06mA 11.31V 12.7V 5.82V 5.49V 5.49V 5.49V 11.31V
21 Loading effect on Voltage-divider Find I RL1 : ( R2 R ( R2 RB) 113.9uA B Disregard rounding errors ) 12.04k ( I RL k T 1.06mA) 11.31V SOLUTION Check: V R RL1 L1 12.7V 5.82V 11.31V 100k 113.1uA 5.49V 5.49V 5.49V 11.31V
22 Loading effect on Voltage-divider Find I R2 : I T I RL1 Disregard rounding errors (1.06mA) (113.9uA) 0.946mA 11.31V SOLUTION Check: VRL2 R V 5.82V 5.82V 6.2k 0.939mA 5.49V 5.49V 5.49V 11.31V
23 Loading effect on Voltage-divider Find I R3 : RL2 100k R3 RL k 891uA Disregard rounding errors I R mA 11.31V SOLUTION Check: VR3 R V 5.82V 5.49V 6.2k 885.5uA 5.49V 5.49V 5.49V 11.31V
24 Loading effect on Voltage-divider Find I RL2 : I R2 I R3 55uA Disregard rounding errors (0.946mA) (891uA) 11.31V SOLUTION Check: V R RL2 L2 12.7V 5.82V 5.49V 100k 54.9uA 5.49V 5.49V 5.49V 11.31V
25 Loading effect on Voltage-divider SOLUTION All Currents Found! 1.06mA 0.946mA 55uA 113.9uA 891uA
26 Voltage-divider with Positive and Negative Voltage Taps
27 Wheatstone bridge The Wheatstone bridge consists of four resistive arms forming two voltage dividers and a dc voltage source. The output is taken between the dividers. Frequently, one of the bridge resistors is adjustable. When the bridge is balanced, the output voltage is zero, and the products of resistances in the opposite diagonal arms are equal. R R4 R2 R3 V 1 1V 4 V 2 V 3 R R R 1 R 2, 1 3 R R 2 4 R 3 V V 1 3 R 4 V V 2 4
28 Wheatstone bridge Example: What is the value of R 1 if the bridge 12 V is balanced when R 3 is adjusted to 384 Ω? R R 1 1 R R3 R
29 Wheatstone Bridge with Strain-gauges
30 Balanced bridge Bleeder current Load Key Terms A bridge circuit that is in the balanced state is indicated by 0 V across the output. The current left after the load current is subtracted from the total current into the circuit. An element (resistor or other component) connected across the output terminals of a circuit that draws current from the circuit.
31 Key Terms Unbalanced bridge Wheatstone bridge A bridge circuit that is in the unbalanced state is indicated by a voltage across the output that is proportional to the amount of deviation from the balanced state. A 4-legged type of bridge circuit with which an unknown resistance can be accurately measured using the balanced state. Deviations in resistance can be measured using the unbalanced state.
32 Quiz 1. Two circuits that are equivalent have the same a. number of components b. response to an electrical stimulus c. internal power dissipation d. all of the above
33 Quiz 1. Two circuits that are equivalent have the same a. number of components b. response to an electrical stimulus c. internal power dissipation d. all of the above
34 Quiz 2. If a series equivalent circuit is drawn for a complex circuit, the equivalent circuit can be analyzed with a. the voltage divider theorem b. Kirchhoff s voltage law c. both of the above d. none of the above
35 Quiz 2. If a series equivalent circuit is drawn for a complex circuit, the equivalent circuit can be analyzed with a. the voltage divider theorem b. Kirchhoff s voltage law c. both of the above d. none of the above
36 Quiz 3. For the circuit shown, a. R 1 is in series with R 2 R 1 R 2 b. R 1 is in parallel with R 2 c. R 2 is in series with R 3 V S + - R 3 d. R 2 is in parallel with R 3
37 Quiz 3. For the circuit shown, a. R 1 is in series with R 2 R 1 R 2 b. R 1 is in parallel with R 2 c. R 2 is in series with R 3 V S + - R 3 d. R 2 is in parallel with R 3
38 Quiz 4. For the circuit shown, a. R 1 is in series with R 2 b. R 4 is in parallel with R 1 R 1 R 4 R 2 c. R 2 is in parallel with R 3 V S + R 3 d. none of the above -
39 Quiz 4. For the circuit shown, a. R 1 is in series with R 2 b. R 4 is in parallel with R 1 R 1 R 4 R 2 c. R 2 is in parallel with R 3 V S + R 3 d. none of the above -
40 Quiz 5. The total resistance, R T, of the group of resistors is a. 1.0 k b. 2.0 k c. 3.0 k d. 4.0 k R T R R 5 R 3 R k 1.0 k R4 1.0 k
41 Quiz 5. The total resistance, R T, of the group of resistors is a. 1.0 k b. 2.0 k c. 3.0 k d. 4.0 k R T R R 5 R k R k R4 1.0 k RT R1 R5 [ R3 ( R2 R4)]
42 Quiz 6. For the circuit shown, Kirchhoff's voltage law a. applies only to the outside loop b. applies only to the A junction. c. can be applied to any closed path. d. does not apply. V S + 10 V A R R 2 R 3
43 Quiz 6. For the circuit shown, Kirchhoff's voltage law a. applies only to the outside loop b. applies only to the A junction. c. can be applied to any closed path. d. does not apply. V S + 10 V A R R 2 R 3
44 Quiz 7. The effect of changing a measured quantity due to connecting an instrument to a circuit is called a. loading b. clipping c. distortion d. loss of precision
45 Quiz 7. The effect of changing a measured quantity due to connecting an instrument to a circuit is called a. loading b. clipping c. distortion d. loss of precision
46 Quiz 8. Assume R 2 is adjusted until the Wheatstone bridge is balanced. At this point, the voltage across R 4 is measured and found to be 5.0 V. The voltage across R 1 will be a. 4.0 V b. 5.0 V c. 6.0 V d. 7.0 V V S 12 V + - R 1 R 3 R 2 R L + - R V
47 Quiz 8. Assume R 2 is adjusted until the Wheatstone bridge is balanced. At this point, the voltage across R 4 is measured and found to be 5.0 V. The voltage across R 1 will be a. 4.0 V b. 5.0 V c. 6.0 V d. 7.0 V V S 12 V + - R 1 R 3 R 2 R L + - 0V R V VR1 VR3 VS VR4 12V 5V 7V
48 Quiz 9. An unbalanced Wheatstone bridge has the voltages shown. The voltage across R 4 is a. 4.0 V b. 5.0 V c. 6.0 V V S 12 V + - R 1 R V + R L V d. 7.0 V R 2 R 4
49 Quiz 9. An unbalanced Wheatstone bridge has the voltages shown. The voltage across R 4 is a. 4.0 V b. 5.0 V c. 6.0 V d. 7.0 V V S 12 V + - R 1 R V 8V + R L V 5V R 2 R 4 4V
50 Quiz 10. For the circuit shown, if R 3 opens, the voltage at point A will a. decrease b. stay the same. c. increase. V S + 10 V A R 2 R R 3
51 Quiz 10. For the circuit shown, if R 3 opens, the voltage at point A will a. decrease b. stay the same. c. increase. V S + 10 V A R 2 R R 3
UNIT 4 DC EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT AND NETWORK THEOREMS
UNIT 4 DC EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT AND NETWORK THEOREMS 1.0 Kirchoff s Law Kirchoff s Current Law (KCL) states at any junction in an electric circuit the total current flowing towards that junction is equal
More informationChapter 2. Engr228 Circuit Analysis. Dr Curtis Nelson
Chapter 2 Engr228 Circuit Analysis Dr Curtis Nelson Chapter 2 Objectives Understand symbols and behavior of the following circuit elements: Independent voltage and current sources; Dependent voltage and
More informationCURRENT SOURCES EXAMPLE 1 Find the source voltage Vs and the current I1 for the circuit shown below SOURCE CONVERSIONS
CURRENT SOURCES EXAMPLE 1 Find the source voltage Vs and the current I1 for the circuit shown below EXAMPLE 2 Find the source voltage Vs and the current I1 for the circuit shown below SOURCE CONVERSIONS
More informationChapter 6: Series-Parallel Circuits
Chapter 6: Series-Parallel Circuits Instructor: Jean-François MILLITHALER http://faculty.uml.edu/jeanfrancois_millithaler/funelec/spring2017 Slide 1 Identifying series-parallel relationships Most practical
More informationTHERE MUST BE 50 WAYS TO FIND YOUR VALUES: AN EXPLORATION OF CIRCUIT ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES FROM OHM S LAW TO EQUIVALENT CIRCUITS
THERE MUST BE 50 WAYS TO FIND YOUR VALUES: AN EXPLORATION OF CIRCUIT ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES FROM OHM S LAW TO EQUIVALENT CIRCUITS Kristine McCarthy Josh Pratti Alexis Rodriguez-Carlson November 20, 2006 Table
More informationKirchhoff's Laws and Maximum Power Transfer
German Jordanian University (GJU) Electrical Circuits Laboratory Section Experiment Kirchhoff's Laws and Maximum Power Transfer Post lab Report Mahmood Hisham Shubbak / / 8 Objectives: To learn KVL and
More informationDC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS. Loop Equations
All of the rules governing DC circuits that have been discussed so far can now be applied to analyze complex DC circuits. To apply these rules effectively, loop equations, node equations, and equivalent
More informationVoltage Dividers, Nodal, and Mesh Analysis
Engr228 Lab #2 Voltage Dividers, Nodal, and Mesh Analysis Name Partner(s) Grade /10 Introduction This lab exercise is designed to further your understanding of the use of the lab equipment and to verify
More informationChapter 5. Department of Mechanical Engineering
Source Transformation By KVL: V s =ir s + v By KCL: i s =i + v/r p is=v s /R s R s =R p V s /R s =i + v/r s i s =i + v/r p Two circuits have the same terminal voltage and current Source Transformation
More informationSirindhorn International Institute of Technology Thammasat University at Rangsit
Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology Thammasat University at Rangsit School of Information, Computer and Communication Technology COURSE : ECS 304 Basic Electrical Engineering Lab INSTRUCTOR
More informationModule 2. DC Circuit. Version 2 EE IIT, Kharagpur
Module 2 DC Circuit Lesson 5 Node-voltage analysis of resistive circuit in the context of dc voltages and currents Objectives To provide a powerful but simple circuit analysis tool based on Kirchhoff s
More informationCircuits. PHY2054: Chapter 18 1
Circuits PHY2054: Chapter 18 1 What You Already Know Microscopic nature of current Drift speed and current Ohm s law Resistivity Calculating resistance from resistivity Power in electric circuits PHY2054:
More informationDC STEADY STATE CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
DC STEADY STATE CIRCUIT ANALYSIS 1. Introduction The basic quantities in electric circuits are current, voltage and resistance. They are related with Ohm s law. For a passive branch the current is: I=
More informationKirchhoff's Laws and Circuit Analysis (EC 2)
Kirchhoff's Laws and Circuit Analysis (EC ) Circuit analysis: solving for I and V at each element Linear circuits: involve resistors, capacitors, inductors Initial analysis uses only resistors Power sources,
More informationSome Important Electrical Units
Some Important Electrical Units Quantity Unit Symbol Current Charge Voltage Resistance Power Ampere Coulomb Volt Ohm Watt A C V W W These derived units are based on fundamental units from the meterkilogram-second
More informationSeries & Parallel Resistors 3/17/2015 1
Series & Parallel Resistors 3/17/2015 1 Series Resistors & Voltage Division Consider the single-loop circuit as shown in figure. The two resistors are in series, since the same current i flows in both
More informationModule 2. DC Circuit. Version 2 EE IIT, Kharagpur
Module DC Circuit Lesson 4 Loop Analysis of resistive circuit in the context of dc voltages and currents Objectives Meaning of circuit analysis; distinguish between the terms mesh and loop. To provide
More informationmywbut.com Mesh Analysis
Mesh Analysis 1 Objectives Meaning of circuit analysis; distinguish between the terms mesh and loop. To provide more general and powerful circuit analysis tool based on Kirchhoff s voltage law (KVL) only.
More informationTopic 5.2 Heating Effect of Electric Currents
Topic 5.2 Heating Effect of Electric Currents Kari Eloranta 2017 Jyväskylän Lyseon lukio International Baccalaureate February 14, 2017 Topic 5.2 Heating Effect of Electric Currents In subtopic 5.2 we study
More informationDirect Current Circuits. February 18, 2014 Physics for Scientists & Engineers 2, Chapter 26 1
Direct Current Circuits February 18, 2014 Physics for Scientists & Engineers 2, Chapter 26 1 Kirchhoff s Junction Rule! The sum of the currents entering a junction must equal the sum of the currents leaving
More informationEngineering Fundamentals and Problem Solving, 6e
Engineering Fundamentals and Problem Solving, 6e Chapter 17 Electrical Circuits Chapter Objectives Compute the equivalent resistance of resistors in series and in parallel Apply Ohm s law to a resistive
More informationPOLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY Electrical Engineering Department. EE SOPHOMORE LABORATORY Experiment 2 DC circuits and network theorems
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY Electrical Engineering Department EE SOPHOMORE LABORATORY Experiment 2 DC circuits and network theorems Modified for Physics 18, Brooklyn College I. Overview of Experiment In this
More informationIntroductory Circuit Analysis
Introductory Circuit Analysis CHAPTER 6 Parallel dc Circuits OBJECTIVES Become familiar with the characteristics of a parallel network and how to solve for the voltage, current, and power to each element.
More informationConcepTest PowerPoints
ConcepTest PowerPoints Chapter 19 Physics: Principles with Applications, 6 th edition Giancoli 2005 Pearson Prentice Hall This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for
More informationCircuits Practice Websheet 18.1
Circuits Practice Websheet 18.1 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. How much power is being dissipated by one of the 10-Ω resistors? a. 24
More informationKirchhoff s laws. Figur 1 An electric network.
Kirchhoff s laws. Kirchhoff s laws are most central to the physical systems theory, in which modeling consists in putting simple building blocks together. The laws are commonly known within electric network
More informationElectronics Resistive Sensors and Bridge Circuits
Electronics Resistive Sensors and Bridge Circuits Wilfrid Laurier University September 27, 2012 Switches in voltage dividers One of the simplest forms of voltage divider is where one of the elements is
More informationSolved Problems. Electric Circuits & Components. 1-1 Write the KVL equation for the circuit shown.
Solved Problems Electric Circuits & Components 1-1 Write the KVL equation for the circuit shown. 1-2 Write the KCL equation for the principal node shown. 1-2A In the DC circuit given in Fig. 1, find (i)
More informationChapter 18 Electric Currents
Chapter 18 Electric Currents 1 The Electric Battery Volta discovered that electricity could be created if dissimilar metals were connected by a conductive solution called an electrolyte. This is a simple
More informationClicker Session Currents, DC Circuits
Clicker Session Currents, DC Circuits Wires A wire of resistance R is stretched uniformly (keeping its volume constant) until it is twice its original length. What happens to the resistance? 1) it decreases
More informationECE 1311: Electric Circuits. Chapter 2: Basic laws
ECE 1311: Electric Circuits Chapter 2: Basic laws Basic Law Overview Ideal sources series and parallel Ohm s law Definitions open circuits, short circuits, conductance, nodes, branches, loops Kirchhoff's
More informationLecture Notes on DC Network Theory
Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo Department of Electrical/Electronics and Computer Engineering (ECE) Faculty of Engineering and Technology Lecture Notes on DC Network Theory Harmattan Semester by
More informationBasics of Network Theory (Part-I)
Basics of Network Theory (PartI). A square waveform as shown in figure is applied across mh ideal inductor. The current through the inductor is a. wave of peak amplitude. V 0 0.5 t (m sec) [Gate 987: Marks]
More informationPower lines. Why do birds sitting on a high-voltage power line survive?
Power lines At large distances, the resistance of power lines becomes significant. To transmit maximum power, is it better to transmit high V, low I or high I, low V? (a) high V, low I (b) low V, high
More informationParallel Circuits. Chapter
Chapter 5 Parallel Circuits Topics Covered in Chapter 5 5-1: The Applied Voltage V A Is the Same Across Parallel Branches 5-2: Each Branch I Equals V A / R 5-3: Kirchhoff s Current Law (KCL) 5-4: Resistance
More informationDiscussion Question 6A
Discussion Question 6 P212, Week 6 Two Methods for Circuit nalysis Method 1: Progressive collapsing of circuit elements In last week s discussion, we learned how to analyse circuits involving batteries
More informationCHAPTER 5. BRIDGES AND THEIR APPLICATION Resistance Measurements. Dr. Wael Salah
CHAPTER 5 BRIDGES AND THEIR APPLICATION Resistance Measurements 1 RESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS Conventional Ways of Measuring Resistance:- 1) Using a Ohmmeter Convenient but inaccurate, requires calibration
More informationElectricity & Magnetism
Electricity & Magnetism D.C. Circuits Marline Kurishingal Note : This chapter includes only D.C. In AS syllabus A.C is not included. Recap... Electrical Circuit Symbols : Draw and interpret circuit diagrams
More informationLecture 5: Using electronics to make measurements
Lecture 5: Using electronics to make measurements As physicists, we re not really interested in electronics for its own sake We want to use it to measure something often, something too small to be directly
More informationA free web support in Education. Internal resistance of the battery, r = 3 Ω. Maximum current drawn from the battery = I According to Ohm s law,
Exercises Question 3.1: The storage battery of a car has an emf of 12 V. If the internal resistance of the battery is 0.4Ω, what is the maximum current that can be drawn from the battery? Answer 3.1: Emf
More information3.1 Superposition theorem
Many electric circuits are complex, but it is an engineer s goal to reduce their complexity to analyze them easily. In the previous chapters, we have mastered the ability to solve networks containing independent
More informationConcepTest Clicker Questions. Chapter 26 Physics: for Scientists & Engineers with Modern Physics, 4th edition Giancoli
ConcepTest Clicker Questions Chapter 26 Physics: for Scientists & Engineers with Modern Physics, 4th edition Giancoli 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. This work is protected by United States copyright laws
More informationNote-A-Rific: Kirchhoff s
Note-A-Rific: Kirchhoff s We sometimes encounter a circuit that is too complicated for simple analysis. Maybe there is a mix of series and parallel, or more than one power source. To deal with such complicated
More informationBasic Electricity. Unit 2 Basic Instrumentation
Basic Electricity Unit 2 Basic Instrumentation Outlines Terms related to basic electricity-definitions of EMF, Current, Potential Difference, Power, Energy and Efficiency Definition: Resistance, resistivity
More information1.7 Delta-Star Transformation
S Electronic ircuits D ircuits 8.7 Delta-Star Transformation Fig..(a) shows three resistors R, R and R connected in a closed delta to three terminals, and, their numerical subscripts,, and, being opposite
More informationBecause the third wire carries practically no current (due to the voltmeter's extremely high internal resistance), its resistance will not drop any
Strain gauges If a strip of conductive metal is stretched, it will become skinnier and longer, both changes resulting in an increase of electrical resistance end-to-end. Conversely, if a strip of conductive
More informationPHYSICS 171. Experiment 3. Kirchhoff's Laws. Three resistors (Nominally: 1 Kilohm, 2 Kilohm, 3 Kilohm).
PHYSICS 171 Experiment 3 Kirchhoff's Laws Equipment: Supplies: Digital Multimeter, Power Supply (0-20 V.). Three resistors (Nominally: 1 Kilohm, 2 Kilohm, 3 Kilohm). A. Kirchhoff's Loop Law Suppose that
More informationElectricity and Light Pre Lab Questions
Electricity and Light Pre Lab Questions The pre lab questions can be answered by reading the theory and procedure for the related lab. You are strongly encouraged to answers these questions on your own.
More informationParallel Resistors (32.6)
Parallel Resistors (32.6) Resistors connected at both ends are called parallel resistors Neil Alberding (SFU Physics) Physics 121: Optics, Electricity & Magnetism Spring 2010 1 / 1 Parallel Resistors (32.6)
More informationLecture 5: Using electronics to make measurements
Lecture 5: Using electronics to make measurements As physicists, we re not really interested in electronics for its own sake We want to use it to measure something often, something too small to be directly
More informationECE2262 Electric Circuits. Chapter 5: Circuit Theorems
ECE2262 Electric Circuits Chapter 5: Circuit Theorems 1 Equivalence Linearity Superposition Thevenin s and Norton s Theorems Maximum Power Transfer Analysis of Circuits Using Circuit Theorems 2 5. 1 Equivalence
More informationOUTCOME 3 - TUTORIAL 2
Unit : Unit code: QCF evel: 4 Credit value: 15 SYABUS Engineering Science /601/1404 OUTCOME 3 - TUTORIA Be able to apply DC theory to solve electrical and electronic engineering problems DC electrical
More informationParallel Resistors (32.6)
Parallel Resistors (32.6) Resistors connected at both ends are called parallel resistors The important thing to note is that: the two left ends of the resistors are at the same potential. Also, the two
More informationINTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONICS
INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONICS Basic Quantities Voltage (symbol V) is the measure of electrical potential difference. It is measured in units of Volts, abbreviated V. The example below shows several ways
More informationElectric Circuits I. Nodal Analysis. Dr. Firas Obeidat
Electric Circuits I Nodal Analysis Dr. Firas Obeidat 1 Nodal Analysis Without Voltage Source Nodal analysis, which is based on a systematic application of Kirchhoff s current law (KCL). A node is defined
More informationCOE. DC. Challenging MCQ questions by The Physics Cafe. Compiled and selected by The Physics Cafe
COE. DC Challenging MCQ questions by The Physics Cafe Compiled and selected by The Physics Cafe 1 battery of internal resistance r and e.m.f. E can supply a current of 6.0 to a resistor R as shown in Fig
More informationPhysics 1214 Chapter 19: Current, Resistance, and Direct-Current Circuits
Physics 1214 Chapter 19: Current, Resistance, and Direct-Current Circuits 1 Current current: (also called electric current) is an motion of charge from one region of a conductor to another. Current When
More informationExperiment #6. Thevenin Equivalent Circuits and Power Transfer
Experiment #6 Thevenin Equivalent Circuits and Power Transfer Objective: In this lab you will confirm the equivalence between a complicated resistor circuit and its Thevenin equivalent. You will also learn
More informationAC Circuit Analysis and Measurement Lab Assignment 8
Electric Circuit Lab Assignments elcirc_lab87.fm - 1 AC Circuit Analysis and Measurement Lab Assignment 8 Introduction When analyzing an electric circuit that contains reactive components, inductors and
More informationCapacitance. A different kind of capacitor: Work must be done to charge a capacitor. Capacitors in circuits. Capacitor connected to a battery
Capacitance The ratio C = Q/V is a conductor s self capacitance Units of capacitance: Coulomb/Volt = Farad A capacitor is made of two conductors with equal but opposite charge Capacitance depends on shape
More informationECE2262 Electric Circuits
ECE2262 Electric Circuits Equivalence Chapter 5: Circuit Theorems Linearity Superposition Thevenin s and Norton s Theorems Maximum Power Transfer Analysis of Circuits Using Circuit Theorems 1 5. 1 Equivalence
More informationEXPERIMENT 12 OHM S LAW
EXPERIMENT 12 OHM S LAW INTRODUCTION: We will study electricity as a flow of electric charge, sometimes making analogies to the flow of water through a pipe. In order for electric charge to flow a complete
More informationNotes on Electricity (Circuits)
A circuit is defined to be a collection of energy-givers (batteries) and energy-takers (resistors, light bulbs, radios, etc.) that form a closed path (or complete path) through which electrical current
More informationPhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
Electricity May 02 1. The graphs show the variation with potential difference V of the current I for three circuit elements. PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com When the four lamps are connected as shown in diagram
More informationR 2, R 3, and R 4 are in parallel, R T = R 1 + (R 2 //R 3 //R 4 ) + R 5. C-C Tsai
Chapter 07 Series-Parallel Circuits The Series-Parallel Network Complex circuits May be separated both series and/or parallel elements Combinations which are neither series nor parallel To analyze a circuit
More informationChapter 19. Electric Current, Resistance, and DC Circuit Analysis
Chapter 19 Electric Current, Resistance, and DC Circuit Analysis I = dq/dt Current is charge per time SI Units: Coulombs/Second = Amps Direction of Electron Flow _ + Direction of Conventional Current:
More informationNotes for course EE1.1 Circuit Analysis TOPIC 4 NODAL ANALYSIS
Notes for course EE1.1 Circuit Analysis 2004-05 TOPIC 4 NODAL ANALYSIS OBJECTIVES 1) To develop Nodal Analysis of Circuits without Voltage Sources 2) To develop Nodal Analysis of Circuits with Voltage
More informationV x 4 V x. 2k = 5
Review Problem: d) Dependent sources R3 V V R Vx - R2 Vx V2 ) Determine the voltage V5 when VV Need to find voltage Vx then multiply by dependent source multiplier () Node analysis 2 V x V x R R 2 V x
More informationElectrical Technology (EE-101-F)
Electrical Technology (EE-101-F) Contents Series & Parallel Combinations KVL & KCL Introduction to Loop & Mesh Analysis Frequently Asked Questions NPTEL Link Series-Parallel esistances 1 V 3 2 There are
More informationES250: Electrical Science. HW1: Electric Circuit Variables, Elements and Kirchhoff s Laws
ES250: Electrical Science HW1: Electric Circuit Variables, Elements and Kirchhoff s Laws Introduction Engineers use electric circuits to solve problems that are important to modern society, such as: 1.
More informationChapter 5 Solution P5.2-2, 3, 6 P5.3-3, 5, 8, 15 P5.4-3, 6, 8, 16 P5.5-2, 4, 6, 11 P5.6-2, 4, 9
Chapter 5 Solution P5.2-2, 3, 6 P5.3-3, 5, 8, 15 P5.4-3, 6, 8, 16 P5.5-2, 4, 6, 11 P5.6-2, 4, 9 P 5.2-2 Consider the circuit of Figure P 5.2-2. Find i a by simplifying the circuit (using source transformations)
More informationPHYS 1444 Section 02 Review #2
PHYS 1444 Section 02 Review #2 November 9, 2011 Ian Howley 1 1444 Test 2 Eq. Sheet Terminal voltage Resistors in series Resistors in parallel Magnetic field from long straight wire Ampére s Law Force on
More informationSinusoidal Response of RLC Circuits
Sinusoidal Response of RLC Circuits Series RL circuit Series RC circuit Series RLC circuit Parallel RL circuit Parallel RC circuit R-L Series Circuit R-L Series Circuit R-L Series Circuit Instantaneous
More information3/17/2009 PHYS202 SPRING Lecture notes Electric Circuits
PHYS202 SPRING 2009 Lecture notes Electric Circuits 1 Batteries A battery is a device that provides a potential difference to two terminals. Different metals in an electrolyte will create a potential difference,
More informationDC Circuit Analysis + 1 R 3 = 1 R R 2
DC Circuit Analysis In analyzing circuits, it is generally the current that is of interest. You have seen how Ohm s Law can be used to analyze very simple circuits consisting of an EMF and single resistance.
More informationSimple Resistive Circuits
German Jordanian University (GJU) Electrical Circuits Laboratory Section 3 Experiment Simple Resistive Circuits Post lab Report Mahmood Hisham Shubbak 7 / / 8 Objectives: To learn how to use the Unitr@in
More informationLecture #3. Review: Power
Lecture #3 OUTLINE Power calculations Circuit elements Voltage and current sources Electrical resistance (Ohm s law) Kirchhoff s laws Reading Chapter 2 Lecture 3, Slide 1 Review: Power If an element is
More informationPhysics (2) Laboratory manual
PHYS 104 Laboratory Physics (2) Laboratory manual Dr. Chokri Belgacem, Dr. Yazid Delenda, Dr. Magdi Hasan Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Arts at Yanbu, Taibah University - Yanbu Branch,
More informationSPS Presents: A Cosmic Lunch!
SPS Presents: A Cosmic Lunch! Who: Dr. Brown will be speaking about Evolution of the Elements: from Periodic table to Standard Model and Beyond! When: October 7 th at am Where: CP 79 (by the front office)
More informationPhysics 7B-1 (A/B) Professor Cebra. Winter 2010 Lecture 2. Simple Circuits. Slide 1 of 20
Physics 7B-1 (A/B) Professor Cebra Winter 2010 Lecture 2 Simple Circuits Slide 1 of 20 Conservation of Energy Density In the First lecture, we started with energy conservation. We divided by volume (making
More informationOutline. Week 5: Circuits. Course Notes: 3.5. Goals: Use linear algebra to determine voltage drops and branch currents.
Outline Week 5: Circuits Course Notes: 3.5 Goals: Use linear algebra to determine voltage drops and branch currents. Components in Resistor Networks voltage source current source resistor Components in
More informationExercise 2: Kirchhoff s Current Law/2 Sources
Exercise 2: Kirchhoff s Current Law/2 Sources EXERCISE OBJECTIVE When you have completed this exercise, you will be able to apply Kirchhoff s current law to a circuit having two voltage sources. You will
More informationBridge Measurement 2.1 INTRODUCTION Advantages of Bridge Circuit
2 Bridge Measurement 2.1 INTRODUCTION Bridges are often used for the precision measurement of component values, like resistance, inductance, capacitance, etc. The simplest form of a bridge circuit consists
More information2/25/2014. Circuits. Properties of a Current. Conservation of Current. Definition of a Current A. I A > I B > I C B. I B > I A C. I C D. I A E.
Circuits Topics: Current Conservation of current Batteries Resistance and resistivity Simple circuits 0.1 Electromotive Force and Current Conventional current is the hypothetical flow of positive charges
More informationThevenin equivalent circuits
Thevenin equivalent circuits We have seen the idea of equivalency used in several instances already. 1 2 1 2 same as 1 2 same as 1 2 R 3 same as = 0 V same as 0 A same as same as = EE 201 Thevenin 1 The
More informationCOPYRIGHTED MATERIAL. DC Review and Pre-Test. Current Flow CHAPTER
Kybett c0.tex V3-03/3/2008 8:44pm Page CHAPTER DC Review and Pre-Test Electronics cannot be studied without first understanding the basics of electricity. This chapter is a review and pre-test on those
More informationAP Physics C. Electric Circuits III.C
AP Physics C Electric Circuits III.C III.C.1 Current, Resistance and Power The direction of conventional current Suppose the cross-sectional area of the conductor changes. If a conductor has no current,
More informationAgenda for Today. Elements of Physics II. Resistance Resistors Series Parallel Ohm s law Electric Circuits. Current Kirchoff s laws
Resistance Resistors Series Parallel Ohm s law Electric Circuits Physics 132: Lecture e 17 Elements of Physics II Current Kirchoff s laws Agenda for Today Physics 201: Lecture 1, Pg 1 Clicker Question
More informationThevenin Norton Equivalencies - GATE Study Material in PDF
Thevenin Norton Equivalencies - GATE Study Material in PDF In these GATE 2018 Notes, we explain the Thevenin Norton Equivalencies. Thevenin s and Norton s Theorems are two equally valid methods of reducing
More informationChapter 3: Electric Current And Direct-Current Circuits
Chapter 3: Electric Current And Direct-Current Circuits 3.1 Electric Conduction 3.1.1 Describe the microscopic model of current Mechanism of Electric Conduction in Metals Before applying electric field
More informationAnalysis of a single-loop circuit using the KVL method
Analysis of a single-loop circuit using the KVL method Figure 1 is our circuit to analyze. We shall attempt to determine the current through each element, the voltage across each element, and the power
More informationElectromotive Force. The electromotive force (emf), ε, of a battery is the maximum possible voltage that the battery can provide between its terminals
Direct Current When the current in a circuit has a constant magnitude and direction, the current is called direct current Because the potential difference between the terminals of a battery is constant,
More informationMassachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science : Circuits & Electronics Problem Set #1 Solution
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 6.2: Circuits & Electronics Problem Set # Solution Exercise. The three resistors form a series connection.
More informationExperiment 5 Voltage Divider Rule for Series Circuits
Experiment 5 Voltage Divider Rule for Series Circuits EL - DC Fundamentals By: Walter Banzhaf, E.K. Smith, and Winfield Young University of Hartford Ward College of Technology Objectives:. For the student
More informationPreamble. Circuit Analysis II. Mesh Analysis. When circuits get really complex methods learned so far will still work,
Preamble Circuit Analysis II Physics, 8 th Edition Custom Edition Cutnell & Johnson When circuits get really complex methods learned so far will still work, but they can take a long time to do. A particularly
More informationDirect-Current Circuits. Physics 231 Lecture 6-1
Direct-Current Circuits Physics 231 Lecture 6-1 esistors in Series and Parallel As with capacitors, resistors are often in series and parallel configurations in circuits Series Parallel The question then
More informationChapter 3: Electric Current and Direct-Current Circuit
Chapter 3: Electric Current and Direct-Current Circuit n this chapter, we are going to discuss both the microscopic aspect and macroscopic aspect of electric current. Direct-current is current that flows
More informationKirchhoff s Rules. Kirchhoff s rules are statements used to solve for currents and voltages in complicated circuits. The rules are
Kirchhoff s Rules Kirchhoff s rules are statements used to solve for currents and voltages in complicated circuits. The rules are Rule. Sum of currents into any junction is zero. i = 0 i 1 2 = 12 Why?
More informationDirect Current (DC): In a DC circuit the current and voltage are constant as a function of time. Power (P): Rate of doing work P = dw/dt units = Watts
Lecture 1: Introduction Some Definitions: Current (I): Amount of electric charge (Q) moving past a point per unit time I dq/dt Coulombs/sec units Amps (1 Coulomb 6x10 18 electrons) oltage (): Work needed
More informationPhysics 115. General Physics II. Session 24 Circuits Series and parallel R Meters Kirchoff s Rules
Physics 115 General Physics II Session 24 Circuits Series and parallel R Meters Kirchoff s Rules R. J. Wilkes Email: phy115a@u.washington.edu Home page: http://courses.washington.edu/phy115a/ 5/15/14 Phys
More information